Socioeconomic differences in the cost-effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention for obesity prevention in early childhood.

Objectives: This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of an early childhood obesity prevention intervention providing telephone and short message service (SMS) support to mothers of children aged 2-4 years by socioeconomic position (SEP).

Methods: A model-based SEP-specific economic evaluation of the intervention was conducted. SEP-specific intervention costs and effects at age 5 years were derived from the trial data and applied to a cohort of 4- to 5-year-old Australian children.

Virtual reality-enhanced exergames for weight control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Obesity is an important public health issue. Virtual reality provides an opportunity to increase benefits of traditional exercise programs with more immersive, interactive, and enjoyable experiences for weight control.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of virtual reality-enhanced exergames for obesity-related outcomes, including body weight, body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference.

Uses of the ICECAP measure of capability in adults with neurological health conditions: a scoping review.

Purpose: The purpose was to identify how the ICECAP-A and ICECAP-O have been used with adults who have neurological health conditions.

Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, a scoping review was conducted, searching five databases (Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO). Studies were included if participants were adults (age 18+ years) with neurological health conditions, and ICECAP-A or ICECAP-O were used in the study.

Consortium profile: the methylation, imaging and NeuroDevelopment (MIND) consortium.

Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, show potential as biological markers and mechanisms underlying gene-environment interplay in the prediction of mental health and other brain-based phenotypes. However, little is known about how peripheral epigenetic patterns relate to individual differences in the brain itself. An increasingly popular approach to address this is by combining epigenetic and neuroimaging data; yet, research in this area is almost entirely comprised of cross-sectional studies in adults.

Optimising parent selection in plant breeding: comparing metaheuristic algorithms for genotype building.

Stacking desirable haplotypes across the genome to develop superior genotypes has been implemented in several crop species. A major challenge in Optimal Haplotype Selection is identifying a set of parents that collectively contain all desirable haplotypes, a complex combinatorial problem with countless possibilities. In this study, we evaluated the performance of metaheuristic search algorithms (MSAs)-genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), and simulated annealing (SA) for optimising parent selection under two genotype building (GB) objectives: Optimal Haplotype Selection (OHS) and Optimal Population Value (OPV).

Chronic kidney disease and incident cancer risk: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Studies examining the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cancer risk have demonstrated conflicting results.

Methods: This was an individual participant data meta-analysis including 54 international cohorts contributing to the CKD Prognosis Consortium. Included cohorts had data on albuminuria [urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), overall and site-specific cancer incidence, and established risk factors for cancer.

Association of preoperative nocturnal hypoxaemia nadir and fentanyl ventilatory sensitivity in children with obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing general anaesthesia: multicentre clinical cohort study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been thought to increase the risk of respiratory depression from opioids. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative hypoxaemia by sleep study pulse oximetry imparts greater opioid sensitivity.

Methods: A multicentre observational cohort study with in-cohort dose randomisation was performed in children 2-8 yr of age with OSA undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Established and Emerging Therapies for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Harnessing the Benefits of SGLT-2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Beyond.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a term that is increasingly used to describe interconnected conditions that lead to poor health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Historically, there have been very few targeted pharmacotherapies available that have changed cardiovascular outcomes for people with CKM syndromes; however, over the past decade, new pharmacologic options have rapidly expanded, with strong evidence for cardiovascular and kidney protective benefits in CKM conditions. Of note, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have emerged as key therapeutic options and are now widely guideline-endorsed.

Multi-segment models for kinetic analysis of women during pregnancy: A systematic review.

Background: During pregnancy, significant physiological, morphological, and hormonal changes profoundly affect women's biomechanics, increasing the risk of falls and musculoskeletal complaints, especially in the third trimester. To understand movement adaptations and musculoskeletal disorders in pregnant women, kinetic analysis using pregnant-specific multi-segment or musculoskeletal models is essential. This review aims to evaluate the development, applications and limitations of such models intended for kinetic analysis in pregnancy.

Osteoarthritis year in review 2025: Epidemiology and Therapy.

Aim: To summarise key epidemiological and therapeutic research on osteoarthritis (OA) published between April 2024 and March 2025.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the MEDLINE database, focusing on English-language studies involving human participants published between April 1, 2024 and March 31, 2025. Eligible studies included observational longitudinal studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and phase II-IV randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining OA treatment and epidemiology.

Prospective Evaluation of Patient Priorities in HPV-Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer Using the Chicago Priorities Scale: Considerations for Future Clinical Trial Design.

Purpose: This study examined head and neck cancer treatment outcome priorities in patients with human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) before and 12 months (12m) after (chemo)radiotherapy ([C]RT).

Methods And Materials: Eligible patients were diagnosed with HPVOPC suitable for curative-intent primary [C]RT. Study data included responses to a modified version of the Chicago Priorities Scale (CPS-modified) and select items from the MDASI Head and Neck Cancer Module (MDASI-HN).

Effects of aperiodic neural activity on sleep-based emotional memory consolidation across the lifespan.

Sleep neurophysiology undergoes significant changes across the lifespan, which coincide with age-related differences in memory, particularly for emotional information. However, the mechanisms that underlie these effects remain poorly understood. One potential mechanism is the aperiodic component, which reflects "neural noise", differs across age, and is predictive of perceptual and cognitive processes.

Systematic Review: Biopsychosocial Factors Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children/Adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

This systematic review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of biopsychosocial factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), and identify key limitations and gaps in the current literature. Systematic literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global in March 2024. The searches identified 2,345 unique articles.

Mechanisms of motor dysfunction in functional neurological disorder: A narrative review.

One of the characteristic presentations of functional neurological disorder (FND) is with motor symptoms, such as weakness and tremor. While these symptoms are both common and disabling, how they arise at a mechanistic level remains unclear. This review provides an up-to-date account of the underpinnings of motor dysfunction in FND by integrating findings from neuroimaging, physiology, genetic, brain stimulation, and behavioral studies.

Untangling metabolic interactions of a nongrowing, hydrogen producing synthetic coculture through a multispecies metabolic flux analysis.

In this study a methodology to elucidate metabolic interactions that enhance hydrogen (H) production in cocultures under nongrowing conditions is presented. Core metabolic models of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Clostridium butyricum were integrated to perform a multispecies metabolic flux analysis (mMFA), constrained by experimentally measured yields. Flux distributions were clustered, and thermodynamically favorable solutions were identified.

Staff perceptions of their roles in infection prevention and control in residential aged care homes: A qualitative study.

Background: Older people who live in residential aged care homes (RACHs) are particularly vulnerable to infections. Without staff commitment and engagement, even the most well-designed policies and guidelines may fail to achieve infection prevention and control (IPAC) effectiveness. The aim of this study was to examine staff perceptions of their roles in IPAC in RACHs.

Relationship between anxiety and tinnitus development in a rat model.

Tinnitus, the auditory perception of sound without an external environmental stimulus, affects 15% of the human population and is associated with hearing loss. Interestingly, anxiety may be a significant risk factor in tinnitus pathophysiology potentially due to underlying common neural circuits of the auditory and limbic systems. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of stress-induced anxiety on tinnitus development in a rat model.

Overview of evidence synthesis types and modes.

Background And Objectives: Evidence syntheses systematically compile and analyze information from multiple sources to support health care decision making. As many different types of questions need to be answered in health care, different evidence synthesis types have emerged. In this article, we introduce the most common types of evidence synthesis.

Mathematical model suggests current CAR-macrophage dosage is efficient to low pre-infusion tumour burden but refractory to high tumour burden.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-macrophage therapy is a promising approach for tumour treatment due to antigen-specific phagocytosis and tumour clearance. However, the precise impact of tumour burden, dose and dosing regimens on therapeutic outcomes remains poorly understood. We developed ordinary differential equation (ODE) mathematical modelling and utilised parameter inference to analyse in vitro FACS-based phagocytosis assay data testing CD19-positive Raji tumour cell against CAR-macrophage, and revealed that phagocytosing efficiency of CAR-macrophage increases but saturates as both Raji cell and CAR-macrophage concentrations increase.

The association of pre-neoadjuvant SUVmax and post-neoadjuvant change in SUVmax on FDG-PET with survival after oesophagectomy for cancer.

Background: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is currently widely used in staging and re-staging oesophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is a reproducible parameter that may predict survival. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of SUVmax and the change in SUVmax after neoadjuvant treatment (ΔSUVmax) on overall and disease-free survival.