Synaptic vesicle protein 2A regulates mossy fiber sprouting in a drug-resistant epilepsy rat model via laminin α5/integrin β1.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is frequently characterized by pathological mossy fiber sprouting (MFS), which is a defining indicator of aberrant synaptic remodeling within the hippocampus. Despite extensive investigations of the molecular underpinnings of MFS, they remain only partially elucidated. Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) is a key modulator of neurotransmitter exocytosis that has been associated with epileptogenesis.

Exendin-4 Prevents oxLDL-Induced upregulation of TREM2 and attenuates foam cell formation and inflammation in Macrophages.

Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Macrophage-mediated lipid uptake and inflammation are central to plaque formation. TREM2, an immunoreceptor expressed in macrophages, has been reported to regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation, yet its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial.

Effect of Ciprofol on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of ciprofol on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Patients And Methods: A total of 138 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. Patients were randomized into two groups: the Ciprofol group (Group C) and the Propofol group (Group P).

Flavonoids in Tratt Fermentation Broth Ameliorate Obesity via DNMT3a/SIRT1-Mediated Epigenetic Modulation.

Obesity-related complications are often driven by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, exacerbated by aberrant DNA methylation. Natural products with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may offer therapeutic potential. This study investigated the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Tratt fermentation broth (RRTFB) on obesity through targeted methylation, while also examining its primary active components and assessing its potential therapeutic value.

Identification of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma prognosis based on gene expression and clinical information.

Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) prognosis exhibits substantial heterogeneity even among patients with identical clinicopathological staging, reflecting the limitations of current classification systems. Therefore, the development of reliable prognostic tools may improve clinical evaluation of KIRC outcomes and facilitate personalized therapy optimization.

Methods: The KIRC data of GSE40435 and GSE46699 in the GEO database were immunologically grouped based on 29 immune gene sets through R language.

Quantitative histopathologic profiling of arterial dissection-related thrombi in acute ischemic stroke: etiological comparisons.

Introduction: Arterial dissection is an important etiology of stroke in young adults and may demonstrate distinct thrombus characteristics. While most studies have focused on compositional differences between cardioembolic (CE) and non-cardioembolic thrombi, systematic analyses of dissection-related thrombi remain scarce. This study characterized the compositions of dissection thrombi, compared them with those of non-dissection thrombi, and explored compositional variations among stroke etiologies.

Exosomes in obstructive sleep apnea-related diseases.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a global public health concern characterized by repeated upper airway collapse during sleep. Research indicates that OSA is a risk factor for the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles released by most cell types, play a key role in intercellular communication by transporting their contents-such as microRNA, messenger RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids-to target cells.

Quantitative evaluation of therapeutic effect of silver needle thermal conduction therapy on myofascial trigger point.

Background: In clinical practice, silver needle thermal conduction therapy has a definite effect on myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). However, there is a lack of objective evidence to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of silver needle thermal conduction therapy on MPS rats by objective therapeutic index.

Nursing Program Applying Lithospermum Oil for Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Care Among Older Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Incontinence-associated dermatitis affects patients admitted to the intensive care unit, especially older adults, physically, mentally, and emotionally. Therefore, nursing activities to prevent and care for incontinence-associated dermatitis are important and necessary for healthcare staff and caregivers. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a nursing prevention and care program involving the application of Lithospermum Oil on the risk, severity, and incidence rate of incontinence-associated dermatitis among older adult intensive care unit patients.

Neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis: trade-off between pros and cons.

Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome driven by dysregulated immune responses to infection, presents significant global health challenges with high mortality rates. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), composed of deoxyribonucleic acid and antimicrobial proteins, play a dual role in sepsis pathogenesis. While NETs trap pathogens and enhance immune responses via antimicrobial activity and immune cell activation, their overproduction exacerbates tissue damage, coagulopathy, and organ dysfunction.

Sevoflurane preconditioning improves Cx43 localization and electrical conduction by stabilizing myocardial microtubule structure during ischemia-reperfusion.

Reperfusion arrhythmia (RA) poses a significant risk to the prognosis of patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation cardiac surgery, and its occurrence closely linked to disturbances in myocardial electrical conduction. Our prior research indicated that ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) affects the localization of connexin 43 (Cx43) at the intercalated discs (IDs) by inducing depolymerization of microtubules, resulting in myocardial electrical conduction abnormalities in rats. Although sevoflurane preconditioning (SPC) has demonstrated considerable protective effects on ischemic myocardium, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood.

Identification of a tumor microenvironment-related gene signature for predicting prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study was to identify a TME-related gene signature and provide a basis for prognosis evaluation of GC. X-cell and cluster analyses were performed on 373 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach Adenocarcinoma.

Effectiveness and safety of pirfenidone for radiation-induced lung injury in non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective pilot study.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) remains a cornerstone in the treatment of thoracic malignancies; however, approximately one-third of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop Grade ≥ 2 radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Despite its clinical significance, no pharmacologic standard of care has been established for RILI. Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has demonstrated potential in preclinical models of RILI.

Unraveling the complexity of neurodegeneration: heterogeneous damage patterns of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves complex neurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra (SN), critical brain regions affecting cognitive and emotional processes.

Methods: Using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset of 11,583 participants, we conducted a multimodal analysis involving descriptive statistics, multifactorial regression, mediation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve assessment.

Results: LC degenerative changes (18.

Comprehensive safety assessment of ribociclib: A real-world analysis using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Aims: Ribociclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for the treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. The presented study aimed to evaluate the ribociclib-associated adverse events (AEs) through data mining of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: Data were collected from the FAERS database covering the period from the first quarter of 2017 to the first quarter of 2023.

Study on the pathogenesis of vascular dementia by gene expression regulatory network.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second largest type of dementia in the world after Alzheimer's disease, characterized by selective loss of neurons caused by cerebrovascular disease, dysfunction of cortical subcortical circuits, and cognitive domain specific damage. This article systematically analyzes some gene expression regulation issues in VaD pathogenesis from five dimensions: abnormal gene expression profile, epigenetic modification abnormality, transcription factor (TF) cascade regulation, non coding RNA (ncRNA) regulatory axis disorder, and gene environment interaction. For the first time, the "Dynamic Imbalance Theory of Gene Regulation Network" (DIGRN) is proposed.

MZB1-Driven Endoplasmic reticulum stress model as a predictor of breast cancer progression and survival.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its associated unfolded protein response (UPR) have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in cancer's progression, but their prognostic significance in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. In this study, a reliable ER-related gene signature was developed for the purpose of predicting BC prognosis and investigating the associated immune landscape. By utilizing public datasets and analytical methods, we developed a 16 ER-related gene risk signature and verified its efficacy in predicting prognosis in independent patient groups.

Whole-gene CRISPR/cas9 library screen revealed targeting STAT6 increased the sensitivity of liver cancer to celecoxib via inhibiting arachidonic acid shunting.

Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has demonstrated anti-liver cancer effects in various preclinical models and clinical traits. However, prolonged use of celecoxib can lead to drug resistance, necessitating higher doses to maintain efficacy, which often results in severe side effects, limiting its clinical application. This study aimed to identify strategies to overcome celecoxib resistance in liver cancer.

Estrogen-mediated TRPV5 modulates proliferation and apoptosis of rat cochlear hair cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Objective: Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) is an essential Ca transporter mediated by estrogen in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. However, the mechanism of how estrogen mediates TRPV5 expression in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, the Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were established to explore whether TRPV5 was regulated by estrogen.

Juglone targets MMP-1 to inhibit gastric cancer progression.

The incidence of gastric cancer is increasing annually, and some patients already develop distant metastases by the time of diagnosis. The issues of drug resistance and significant side effects of chemotherapy lead to poor prognosis and pose challenges for clinical treatment. Therefore, developing new therapies for gastric cancer is crucial.

Hesperetin alleviates liver fibrosis by improving intestinal microbiota composition and regulating hepatic stellate cell autophagy.

Liver fibrosis can be commonly observed in numerous chronic liver diseases. Disruptions in the gut microbiota aggravate liver injury and fibrosis. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic and recycling process regulated by lysosome, which has a vital impact on maintaining normal liver function.

Unlocking the secrets of glucose metabolism reprogramming: the role in pulmonary diseases.

Metabolic reprogramming is the process by which cells adapt to different patterns of energy metabolism in response to the demands of the microenvironment for energy and biological macromolecules. Glucose serves as the primary energy source for cellular survival, and its metabolic pathways are intricately associated with cellular functional states. Recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in glucose metabolism, along with non-metabolic functions of metabolic enzymes and metabolites, play crucial roles in the development and progression of lung diseases under inflammatory conditions.

Tyrosinase inhibitory mechanism of pyrimidine-thiols and their potential application in the anti-browning of fresh-cut apples.

The tyrosinase inhibitory activity and inhibition mechanism of pyrimidine-2-thiol (PT) and pyrimidine-2,4-dithiol (PDT) were investigated. In the anti-tyrosinase activity evaluation assay, PT exhibited 2-fold stronger activity than kojic acid in the presence of L-Tyrosine and L-Dopa, and PDT showed 13 times higher activity than kojic acid, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed PT and PDT acted as mixed inhibitors.