Exosomes in obstructive sleep apnea-related diseases.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a global public health concern characterized by repeated upper airway collapse during sleep. Research indicates that OSA is a risk factor for the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles released by most cell types, play a key role in intercellular communication by transporting their contents-such as microRNA, messenger RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids-to target cells.

Sarsasapogenin protects hair cells from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by attenuating apoptosis and ferroptosis via alleviating oxidative stress.

Background And Purpose: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug for the treatment of solid tumours, but its clinical benefit is often limited by ototoxicity, leading to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. However, there is a lack of effective strategies to prevent hearing loss caused by cisplatin in adults, while sodium thiosulfate is approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for only use at the pediatric level. Sarsasapogenin, a natural compound of the , has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, which suggest that it may attenuate the ototoxicity induced by cisplatin.

Construction of Active-Passive Dual-Targeted Drug-Loaded Micelle Nanoparticles with Modified Dopamine Molecules for Efficient Anti-Tumor Therapy.

Purpose: This study designed a dopamine derivative integrating active targeting and pH-responsive borate ester bond-mediated passive targeting to construct drug delivery systems for tumor-targeted drug delivery, thus improving antitumor drug bioavailability and expanding the application of dopamine in drug delivery.

Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used to determine the structures of Man-PBA-DAO and Man-2PBA-DAO. Hydrodynamic diameter measurements confirmed the pH responsiveness of the targeting nanoparticles in different pH media over 12 hours.

Stabilization of norovirus GII.3 virus-like particles by rational disulfide engineering.

Noroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses and the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. The major capsid protein, VP1, can self-assemble into non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs), representing an attractive vaccine platform. It was demonstrated that engineered disulfide bonds within VP1 could significantly stabilize VLPs of the archetypal GI.

The role of magnesium hydrogels in bone regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Magnesium, an essential element in human physiology, is predominantly located in bone tissue. Since the early 20th century, magnesium-based biomaterials have demonstrated osteoinductive and angiogenic potential, positioning them as promising candidates for bone regeneration strategies. Hydrogels, composed of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, provide a three-dimensional microenvironment mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby supporting cell adhesion, nutrient diffusion, and controlled release of bioactive ions such as Mg²⁺.

Comparing the analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided caudal block and dorsal penile nerve block in pediatric concealed penis correction surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Effective perioperative analgesia is critical for pediatric patients undergoing concealed penis correction surgery. Despite the utility of regional techniques like caudal block (CB) and dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), evidence comparing their efficacy in this population remains limited. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided CB and DPNB for perioperative analgesia in pediatric concealed penis surgery.

Isoamyl isothiocyanate preserves postharvest quality of matsutake () by modulating oxidative and antioxidative homeostasis.

Water loss, browning, and softening are significant contributors to postharvest economic losses in matsutake. To effectively and safely preserve the quality of matsutake, the optimal concentration of isoamyl isothiocyanate (IAITC) was determined. Matsutake that had just been harvested were put in plastic containers and exposed to IAITC for 15 minutes at 25 ± 2°C, at different concentrations of (0, 10, 30, and 60 μLL).

Accelerating multi-directional diffusion MRI through patch-based joint reconstruction.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a valuable technique for studying tissue microstructure and connectivity in the brain. However, acquiring high-resolution dMRI data is time-consuming, limiting its clinical applicability. Traditional parallel imaging techniques can accelerate the acquisition of dMRI, but they are constrained by the geometry factor.

Saccharomyces boulardii Alleviates Ovalbumin-Induced Pyroptosis Through Cyba and IL-17 Signaling Pathway.

Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii), a beneficial yeast probiotic, is effective in treating asthma in children. This study aimed to examine the effects of S.

A Multimodal CMOS Readout IC for SWIR Image Sensors with Dual-Mode BDI/DI Pixels and Column-Parallel Two-Step Single-Slope ADC.

This paper proposes a dual-mode CMOS analog front-end (AFE) circuit for short-wave infrared (SWIR) image sensors, which integrates a hybrid readout circuit (ROIC) and a 12-bit two-step single-slope analog-to-digital converter (TS-SS ADC). The ROIC dynamically switches between buffered-direct-injection (BDI) and direct-injection (DI) modes, thus balancing injection efficiency against power consumption. While the DI structure offers simplicity and low power, it suffers from unstable biasing and reduced injection efficiency under high background currents.

Risk factors for bleeding and thrombotic complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in adults based on the MIMIC-IV database.

Objective: To identify risk factors for bleeding and thrombotic complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in adults and to develop a predictive model based on these factors.

Method: Data from 323 adult patients treated with ECMO in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and laboratory test results were collected.

Association of Birthweight Discordance with Adverse Birth Outcomes Among Live-Born Twins: A Multi-Center Study in China.

Background: Twin pregnancies, accounting for a rising proportion of births globally, present significant public health challenges in China. Birthweight discordance (BWD), a critical complication, remains understudied in its epidemiological context, particularly regarding its population-level associations with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods: This multi-center, retrospective cohort study leveraged data from 21 hospitals across 18 Chinese cities (2018-2020) to assess BWD and its epidemiological implications.

Development of a Risk Prediction Model for Linezolid-Induced Thrombocytopenia Based on the Machine Learning Algorithm.

The research aimed to develop a validated model for predicting the risk of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia (LIT). An XGBoost model and SelectFromModel method were used to screen the important factors. Based on the selected features, five models-Logistic Regression, XGBoost, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine-were established.

Targeted and non-targeted analyses reveal trophic biomagnification of rubber-derived chemicals in an estuarine food web near China's largest rubber production region.

The emergence of rubber-derived chemicals (RDCs) has garnered significant environmental attention, particularly N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) linked to acute mortality in salmonids. However, the trophic transfer of RDCs within marine ecosystems is notably sparse. Here, we investigated RDCs in the Nandu River estuary near China's largest rubber production region through an integrated targeted and non-targeted approach.

AIM2-Driven Inflammation in Periodontitis: Mechanisms and Systemic Implications.

Background And Objective: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can be associated with systemic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the role of AIM2, a key inflammasome component, in periodontitis, focusing on its involvement in inflammation, DNA repair, and systemic disease links.

Methods: AIM2 expression was analyzed in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients.

Optimized processing and formulation for retaining the sensory and nutritional quality of mustard leaf tea.

The potential of mustard () leaves as a raw material for herbal tea remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of mustard leaves for tea production and optimize processing and formulation. Four mustard varieties were evaluated using traditional green tea processing techniques, demonstrating that purple-leaf mustard is an excellent raw material for herbal tea, both in terms of sensory properties and bioactive compounds.

Paclitaxel alleviates spinal cord injury via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disability that causes severe traumatic damage to the central nervous system, with increasing prevalence worldwide. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a naturally occurring plant metabolite that has been shown to exhibit various neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system, however, the specific mechanisms underlying its protective effects in SCI remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of PTX in SCI, as well as elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with its neuroprotective potential.

Cochlear inflammation in AAV-mediated gene therapy: serotype-dependent macrophage activation and promoter-driven immunogenicity.

Background: Recent clinical trials employing AAV (adeno-associated virus)-mediated gene therapy for hereditary deafness have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential. However, immune responses triggered by AAV delivery in the inner ear remain poorly characterized, despite their critical implications for treatment safety and efficacy.

Aims/objectives: This study systematically evaluates serotype-specific (AAV1 vs.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of goose epididymis reveals molecular markers associated with sperm mobility.

The low fertility of geese has long constrained the development of the geese industry. Sperm quality plays a critical role in fertility, and sperm mobility (SM) serves as a key indicator of sperm quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SM remain largely unexplored.

Discovery of Antibodies Against Endemic Coronaviruses with NGS-Based Human Fab Phage Display Platform.

There is an unmet medical need to develop a vaccine targeting endemic coronaviruses. Antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are crucial for many assays to support vaccine development. In this study, we used the HuCal Fab phage display library with a diversity of 4.

Aged mice-derived bronchial epithelial cells regulate Th17 cell differentiation in asthma via the MBD2-sICOSL axis.

Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of elderly asthma. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) can act as antigen-presenting cells, and our previous studies have shown that methyl-CPG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) in BECs can promote Th17 cell differentiation in asthma. However, the effect of BECs from different age groups (young and old) on Th17 cells remains unclear.

Global burden, subtype, risk factors and etiological analysis of enteric infections from 1990-2021: population based study.

Background: Enteric infections represent a prevalent global health issue and contribute significantly to the global disease burden. This study aims to investigate the patterns and trends of enteric infections from 1990 to 2021, providing valuable insights for health policy formulation, medical resource allocation, and the optimization of patient management plans.

Methods: We analyzed the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 for 21 regions and 204 countries to understand better the health burden using prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), subtype, risk factors, and etiology.

Minimizing hearing loss: A novel surgical approach for round window exposure in miniature pigs.

Background: A delicate operation for exposing the round window without affecting the hearing function is critical for auditory research. Despite the different surgical approaches proposed for miniature pigs, hearing protection during operation is still challenging. The efficient solution to this problem is significant for accurate auditory research.

Genome-wide profiling and functional characterization of circular RNAs in neural development and injury: insights from a rat model research.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have re-emerged as promising gene regulators in various physiological and pathological conditions. However, the expression patterns of circRNAs in the developing spinal cord of mammals and the comprehensive distribution of circRNAs across different tissues remain poorly understood. In this study, rats were used as the model organism.

Insights into dill (Anethum graveolens) flavor formation via integrative analysis of chromosomal-scale genome, metabolome and transcriptome.

Introduction: Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a significant medicinal herb belonging to the Apiaceae family. Owing to its high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dill is commonly utilized for essential oil extraction and medicine purpose. However, the biosynthesis of the crucial VOC in dill remains obscure.