Exosomal LncRNA MALAT1 Derived from Hepatocytes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Regulates the miR-579-3p/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway to Exacerbate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Background And Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep breathing disorder, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may affect OSAS. This study aimed to explore the influence of exosomes (Exos) derived from liver cells in NAFLD on the progression of OSAS and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) to establish an OSAS animal model, and SH-SY5Y cells treated with CIH were used as the in vitro cellular model.

Ajuforrestin A Inhibits Tumor Proliferation and Migration by Targeting the STAT3/FAK Signaling Pathways and VEGFR-2.

Natural products, characterized by their structural novelty, multi-target capabilities, and favorable toxicity profiles, represent a prominent reservoir for the discovery of innovative anticancer therapeutics. In the current investigation, we identified ajuforrestin A, a diterpenoid compound extracted from Maxim, as a potent agent against lung cancer. In vitro, this compound markedly curtailed the proliferation of A549 cells.

Pulmonary Contusion Risk Assessment in Astronauts During Off-Nominal Earth-Return Capsule Landings.

Purpose: To investigate injury mechanisms and vulnerable regions for severe pulmonary contusion (PC) in astronauts during off-nominal capsule landings, establishing critical injury thresholds.

Methods: Six distinct high-intensity landing scenarios (≤52.1 g) were simulated using a drop-tower test stand and a Hybrid III anthropometric test device(ATD).

Tetrahedral DNA Framework-Engineered Magnetic Nanozyme for Visual Biomarker Sensing via Alkaline Phosphatase-Triggered Signal Switching.

Point-of-care (POC) detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is critical for the early screening and monitoring of prostate cancer (PCa), which facilitates timely intervention and personalized treatment. However, existing POC platforms suffer from inadequate detection sensitivities, susceptibility to matrix interference, and complex sample pretreatment. To address these issues, we proposed a naked-eye and colorimetric sensing platform based on magnetic nanozyme (FeO@ZIF-67@Pt) integrated with a tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-triggered hydrolysis reaction for PSA detection with superior sensing performances.

Arachidonic acid fuels inflammation by unlocking macrophage protein phosphatase 5 after myocardial infarction.

Background And Aims: An overactive inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration following myocardial infarction (MI) impair cardiac tissue repair. This study investigates the mechanistic role of the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic cascade in mediating post-MI inflammation.

Methods: Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to characterize cardiac macrophage heterogeneity in post-MI mice.

Engineering Donor-Acceptor Arrangement in Perylene Diimide-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Photocatalysis.

The photocatalytic efficiency of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) is governed by the spatial arrangement of donor-acceptor (D-A) moieties, which strongly influences exciton transport. However, precise control over D-A alignment, especially across intra- and interlayer dimensions, remains a key challenge for optimizing singlet oxygen (O) generation. Here, we present a linker geometry-directed approach to modulate D-A organization within perylene diimide (PDI)-based COFs.

Spatial integration of sensory input and motor output in chemotaxis through colocalized distribution.

The opportunistic pathogen serves as a model organism for studying multiple signal transduction pathways. The chemoreceptor cluster, a core component of the chemotaxis pathway, is assembled from hundreds of proteins. The unipolar distribution of receptor clusters has long been recognized, yet the precise mechanism governing their assembly remains elusive.

Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Tc-Labeled Glucose Derivatives Containing Different Proline Analogs as Linker Moieties for Tumor Imaging.

2-[F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([F]FDG) is the most extensively utilized tumor imaging agent in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) applications. Nevertheless, no radiolabeled glucose derivatives for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging have achieved clinical usage comparable to that of [F]FDG. Technetium-99m is a common single-photon-emitting radionuclide used in clinical practice and has potential for the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals.

Optimization of Enzymatic Parameters for Enhancing Branch Density and Flow Properties of Sweet Potato Starch.

Enhancing the branch density of starch through enzymatic modification is critical for improving its functional properties in various industrial applications. This study optimized the sequential enzymatic treatment of sweet potato starch using α-amylase (AA), β-amylase (BA), and transglucosidase (TG) to maximize the degree of branching (DB). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the synergistic effects of enzyme concentrations and hydrolysis durations, identifying optimal conditions: AA (20.

Activation metrics for structural connectivity recruitment in deep brain stimulation.

Comparatively high excitability of myelinated fibres suggests that they represent a major mediator of deep brain stimulation effects. Such effects can be modelled using different levels of abstraction, ranging from simple electric field estimates to complex multicompartment axon models. In this study, we explored three metrics to evaluate axonal activation: electric field magnitudes, electric field projections and pathway activation modelling.

Highly stable Cas9 promotes HBV genome destruction by antagonizing HSC70-mediated degradation.

As a naturally-existing adaptive immune system of prokaryotes against phages and foreign genetic materials, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely used to combat with various viral infections. However, its ability to destroy the constantly replicating viral genome and subsequently clear viral infections still needs further improvement. This study found that Cas9 protein was mainly degraded through the chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA)-lysosome pathway in human cells, which was mediated by the binding between heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) and Cas9 protein.

[A case of multiple organ dysfunction caused by acute glyphosate combined with alcohol poisoning].

This study analyzes the clinical data of a patient presenting with acute poisoning following the co-ingestion of a pesticide (approximately 100-120 ml of 41% glyphosate-isopropylammonium) and alcohol (approximately 100 g of ethanol). The patient developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), manifesting as acute kidney injury (AKI), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, acute lung injury (ALI), acute liver injury, acute intestinal injury, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Following administration of general supportive care combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and hemoperfusion (HP), the patient recovered fully and was discharged.

Comparative profiling of splenic phospholipid and sphingolipid during acute infection.

Lipid profile of spleen and bursa of Fabricius (BF) during acute infection remains unknown. Acute infection models of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and Eimeria tenella (ET) were developed, and spleen samples with African swine fever virus (ASFV) or not were collected. Spleen and BF were examined and characteristic microscopic lesions were observed.

Reversible conversion superwetting coatings with TiO-based heterojunction materials for enhancing efficient oily water treatment and water purification.

Oily wastewater, such as from oil spills, chemical leaks, and organic pollutants, has become a serious environmental pollution problem. Superhydrophobic cotton fabric has attracted extensive research interest as an ideal material for handling oily wastewater, but this solution is difficult to balance efficient oil-water separation and removal of organic pollutants in complex oily wastewater. Therefore, the combination of superwetting and photocatalysis is expected to provide an efficient and simple solution.

Substituting Superhalogens for the Fluorine Atom of 5-Fluorouracil: A New Approach to Modulate its Structure, Electronic Properties, and Chemical Reactivity.

The development of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) analogs contributes to overcome its side effects and drug resistance. To explore more 5-FU analogs, the substituent effect of BO, NO, and PO on the geometric structure, electronic properties, and reactivity of 5-FU has been systematically studied by density functional theory calculations and molecular docking in this article. It is revealed that the introduced superhalogens can not only form stable covalent bonds with the pyrimidine ring, like the original F atom in 5-FU, but also pose significant effect on the geometric and electronic structures of 5-FU.

Idiopathic AA amyloidosis presenting with initial abdominal pain: a case report and literature review.

Amyloidosis is a rare disease, often secondary to chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders, with an unclear etiology in some cases. Herein, we report a 67-year-old male patient presenting with recurrent abdominal pain and multi-system involvement. The diagnosis of AA amyloidosis was confirmed by Congo red staining of small intestinal mucosal and bone marrow biopsies.

Curcumin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inducing autophagy to alleviate neuropathic pain in rats.

Background: Neuropathic pain profoundly affects the quality of life of patients and requires considerable medical resources. Extensive evidence indicates that neuroinflammation within the spinal cord plays a critical role in modulating neuropathic pain. Curcumin, renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties, has shown potential in alleviating neuropathic pain.

A systematic review of protein post-translational modifications in sepsis.

Background: Sepsis originates from the host's dysregulated response to pathogens, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are extremely complex. Recent research has found that post-translational modifications (PTMs) can regulate gene transcription without altering the genetic sequence, thereby playing a key role in the occurrence and development of sepsis.

Objective: This review aims to systematically categorize the main types of PTMs and elucidate their roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis, thereby providing new perspectives for a deeper understanding of the complex pathophysiological processes of this disease.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate treatment in patients with high viral load of hepatitis B virus.

Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) have demonstrated potent efficacy in suppressing viral replication in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This 48-week study compared the efficacy and safety of NA treatment for CHB patients with high viral load (hepatitis B virus [HBV] deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] > 7 log10 IU/mL). This retrospective study included 180 nucleos(t)ide-naïve CHB patients with high viral load undergoing NA monotherapy, which were stratified into 3 groups: entecavir (ETV, n = 82), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, n = 58), and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF, n = 40).

Regulation of m7G methylation in long COVID: Expression profiles and early predictive value of key genes.

Long COVID (LC) poses ongoing public health challenges due to its persistent symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Early identification of at-risk individuals remains difficult, and molecular biomarkers are urgently needed. This study aimed to explore the role of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) methylation-related regulatory genes in LC pathogenesis and to develop a predictive model for early detection.

Exploring the causal relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and asthma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

The role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in disease has attracted much attention. However current research findings on the relationship between 25(OH)D and asthma are not completely consistent. This study aims to explore the potential causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and asthma using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Advanced cholangiocarcinoma with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification treated with Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd): A case report.

Rationale: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease with a low incidence and high degree of malignancy. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer. However, it is still in the initial exploration period for HER2-positive cholangiocarcinoma.

Identification and exploration of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents for the progression of sepsis to septic ARDS.

Patients with sepsis complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) face a significantly increased risk of in-hospital death. This study aimed to identify sepsis-associated genes involved in ARDS pathogenesis and discover candidate biomarkers for its diagnosis. Gene expression profiling data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to identify key septic ARDS genes using differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in ethnic minority adults in plateau areas: a cross-sectional study in Yunnan Province.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among ethnic minorities in plateau areas and their association with sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: From September 2023 to January 2024, data were collected among ethnic minorities in plateau areas of Yunnan Province through face-to-face interviews. Ordered logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the risk of clustering of risk factors.

Atraric acid attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation of the NRF2 pathway.

Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) is a central pathological feature of diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), which induces oxidative stress in lung tissues and leads to lung injury. Atraric acid (AA), a lichen-derived compound, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the functions and mechanisms of AA in CIH-induced lung injury by constructing a CIH mouse model and an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation model in MLE-12 cells.