Senescence-regulating agents remodel mesenchymal stem cell-schwann cell circuitry for diabetic bone regeneration.

Bone healing requires Schwann cells (SCs) paracrine factors for mesenchymal stem cell function. Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are susceptible to developing SCs dysfunction and impairing bone healing. Rare research considered reconstructing mesenchymal stem cell-schwann cell circuitry in diabetic bone regeneration.

Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism via PPARα-Orchestrated FADS2 in Keratinocytes Modulates Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyper-proliferation and immune dysregulation. Recent evidence has implicated dysregulated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism in its pathogenesis. In this study, fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), the rate-limiting Δ6-desaturase in PUFA biosynthesis, is identified as a central regulator of psoriatic inflammation.

Current advances and emerging prospects of specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides: A comprehensive review.

To prevent the indiscriminate impact of traditional antimicrobials on both harmful and beneficial microbes in the host, specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) have been designed and developed. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in STAMPs, with an emphasis on their structure, antimicrobial activity, design strategies, applications, challenges, and future prospects. STAMPs are composed of targeting, linker, and killing domains, which facilitate the precise elimination of specific pathogens while minimizing impacts on non-targeted microorganisms.

Identifying Active Sites of IrO Catalysts for OER: A Combined XAS, SEIRAS, and Theoretical Study.

Iridium oxide is a benchmark catalyst for anodic oxygen evolution reactions due to its high activity and durability. However, debates persist regarding the short lifespan of reaction intermediates and whether amorphous phases exhibit higher activity in comparison to crystalline ones. Herein, we examined IrO catalysts with different degrees of crystallinity (SA3.

Open Challenges and Opportunities in Piezoelectricity for Tissue Regeneration.

Emerging piezoelectric biomaterials have demonstrated their huge potential in diverse medical applications, including ultrasound diagnosis and tissue regeneration. Human body possesses inherent piezoelectricity, producing electrical signal under endogenous load or external pressure to modulate cellular behaviors. Tissue defects caused by traumatic injury will disrupt the electrophysiological microenvironment of the injured area, resulting in unenviable self-healing.

ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR axis exerts protective effects on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury via NF-κB-dependent mitochondrial adaptation and epithelial cell pyroptosis.

Aim: Mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis of epithelial cells are main contributors to the pathological process of lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been implicated in suppressing lung injury. Accordingly, this study investigated whether ACE2 could attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis after lung I/R injury.

Distinct nucleus accumbens neural pathways underlie separate behavioral features of chronic pain and comorbid depression.

The comorbidity of depressive symptoms in chronic pain has been recognized as a key health issue. However, whether discrete circuits underlie behavioral subsets of chronic pain and comorbid depression has not been addressed. Here, we report that dopamine 2 (D2) receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens medial shell (mNAcSh) mediate pain hypersensitivity and depression-like behaviors in mice after nerve injury.

Carbon storage change, driving mechanism, and scenario prediction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for regional carbon neutral target: From history to future.

Understanding the driving mechanisms and spatial heterogeneity of regional-scale ecosystem carbon storage (CS) is crucial for regional carbon cycle research and formulating climate change mitigation strategies. This study develops an integrated framework utilizing Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector (OPGD) for key driver identification and interaction analysis, Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) for quantifying spatial heterogeneity of driver influences, and the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model to simulate future land use and land cover (LULC) scenarios, enabling CS assessment via InVEST. Applying this framework, spatio-temporal CS change (2000-2020) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region was analyzed, key drivers and their spatially differentiated mechanisms were explored, and CS was projected for 2030.

Investigation of the Effect of Molecules Containing Sulfonamide Moiety Adsorbed on the FAPbI Perovskite Surface: A First-Principles Study.

First-principles calculations were conducted to examine the impact of three sulfonamide-containing molecules (HNOS, CHNOS, and CHNOS) adsorbed on the FAPbI(001) perovskite surface, aiming to establish a significant positive correlation between the molecular structures and their regulatory effects on the perovskite surface. A systematic comparison was conducted to evaluate the adsorption stability of the three molecules on the two distinct surface terminations. The results show that all three molecules exhibit strong adsorption on the FAPbI(001) surface, with CHNOS demonstrating the most favorable binding stability due to its extended frameworks and multiple electron-donating/withdrawing groups.

Evaluation of 3D Printing of Cereal-Legume Starch-Based Gels Formulated with Red Adzuki Bean and Germinated Brown Rice Flour.

Three-dimensional (3D) food printing (3DFP) is an emerging technology that enables the creation of personalized and functional foods by precisely controlling nutritional content and shape. This study investigated the 3D printability and rheological behavior of cereal-legume starch-based gels formulated with germinated brown rice (GBR) and red adzuki bean (RAB) flours, supplemented with xanthan and guar gums as functional additives. The physicochemical and structural properties of the gels were characterized through FT-IR, rheology, texture analysis, SEM, and sensory evaluation.

Effects of Konjac Glucomannan and Curdlan on the 3D Printability and Physicochemical Properties of Germinated Brown Rice Gel.

Germinated brown rice (GBR), rich in high starch content and bioactive compounds, has excellent gel-forming properties, rendering it highly promising for applications in food 3D printing, a cutting-edge personalized manufacturing technology. This study systematically investigates the effects of different concentrations of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and curdlan (CD) blends on the 3D printing performance and physicochemical properties of GBR gel. The results indicated that the appropriate addition of KGM/CD blends significantly enhances the printing accuracy and shape retention of GBR gel.

Effects of Different Calcium Preparations on Fresh-Cut Quality and Storage Quality of Starkrimson Apple.

Appropriate calcium treatments help maintain the appearance, nutritional quality, and postharvest quality of apples, reducing losses during storage. This study investigated the effects of different calcium preparations on the fresh-cut quality and ultrastructure of 'Starkrimson' apples. The treatments included control (CK), calcium chloride (T1), sorbitol-chelated calcium (T2), and calcium nitrate (T3).

Preclinical Investigations of a Novel PEGylated Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone.

Purpose: The daily administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement therapies via subcutaneous (SC) injections can be burdensome for patients. Long-acting Growth hormone (GH) formulation could reduce injection frequency, and it will be expected to increase treatment adherence. ZHB111 is a PEGylated rhGH that requires sc injection every two weeks.

Multimodality Ultrasound Utilizing Microvascular Flow Imaging and Shear Wave Elastography to Guide Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Lesions: A Prospective Study Validating Pattern-Based Microvascular Classification.

Most current guidelines recommend fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of thyroid nodules based on grayscale ultrasound (GUS) features, but the biopsy rate for benign nodules remains high. Our aim was to construct a new pattern-based microvascular classification (PBMC) for thyroid nodules to develop and validate predictive multimodality US models based on GUS, microvascular flow imaging, and shear wave elastography, and compare FNA decision accuracy with the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS). This prospective study included consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who underwent multimodality US examinations from September 2022 to December 2023.

Design a Novel Polymeric Heart Valve PHV-SH and Test the Feasibility Using in Vivo Pre-Clinical Non-inferiority Trial.

Polymeric heart valves (PHVs) present a promising alternative to mechanical and bio-prosthetic valves, addressing critical issues such as durability and calcification. This study investigates poly(styrene-block-ethylene/butylene-block-styrene) (SEBS) block copolymers for PHV applications, focusing on material characterization, valve fabrication, in vitro durability testing, and in vivo bio-compatibility evaluation. Mechanical tests, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and hydrodynamic performance analysis demonstrated that SEBS offers excellent thermal stability, flexibility, and fatigue resistance.

Curcumin alleviates atrazine-induced nephrotoxicity by enhancing mitophagy through PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mice.

Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its high solubility and adsorption in soil. ATR exposure can lead to nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. Curcumin (Cur), an active compound in Curcuma species, is renowned for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, with potential to mitigate chronic disease risks.

Luteolin attenuates LPS-induced damage in IPEC-J2 cells by enhancing mitophagy via AMPK signaling pathway activation.

Background: Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid compound widely present in natural plants, has been extensively studied for its diverse biological properties, involving anti-inflammatory,antioxidant, anti-apoptosis and other properties.

Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LUT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2 cells) damage and its underlying mechanism.

Results: The experiment showed that LPS treatment induced injury in IPEC-J2 cells, leading to tight junction disruption, ROS accumulation, and cell apoptosis.

Associations of exposure to acrylamide and glycidamide with psoriasis among adults: Findings from a population-based study.

Acrylamide (AA), a hazardous chemical prevalent in the environment and human diet, and its metabolite glycidamide (GA) are suspected contributors to psoriasis. However, the relationship between AA, GA exposure and psoriasis incidence remains unclear. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2013-2014, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 6999 participants.

From hard tissues to beyond: Progress and challenges of strontium-containing biomaterials in regenerative medicine applications.

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as crucial disciplines focused on the development of new tissues and organs to overcome the limitations of traditional treatments for tissue damage caused by accidents, diseases, or aging. Strontium ion (Sr) has garnered significant attention for its multifaceted role in promoting regeneration medicine and therapy, especially in bone tissue regeneration. Recently, numerous studies further confirm that Sr also plays a critical in soft tissue regeneration.

Clean Synthesis of Oxide Electrolytes via a Boiling Water-Assisted Solid-Phase Sintering Route.

Solid-phase sintering (SS) is a widely used method for synthesizing oxides due to its simplicity and scalability. However, it typically relies on organic liquids as grinding media, resulting in higher costs and environmental pollution. This study proposes a boiling water-assisted solid-phase sintering (BWA-SS) method for synthesizing oxide electrolyte materials, in which water is used as the grinding medium and the precursor slurry is directly sintered, providing an eco-friendly process.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation improved the prognosis in pT1-2N0M0 small cell lung cancers after complete resection: a retrospective real-world study.

Background: The efficacy of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is still controversial in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with pT1-2N0M0 disease after complete resection. The majority of previous studies haven't discerned the potential benefit of PCI in this subgroup of patients, probably due to the paucity of these patients and distinct treating modalities. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential medical benefit of PCI in these patients.

Rezivertinib versus gefitinib as first-line therapy for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (REZOR): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study.

Background: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of rezivertinib (BPI-7711) and gefitinib as first-line therapies in patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study (REZOR) included eligible patients from 50 hospitals across China. Those who had been histologically or cytologically confirmed as having NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 Leu858Arg mutation by central laboratory were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive once daily either rezivertinib 180 mg or gefitinib 250 mg, until unacceptable toxicity occurred, disease progression, or other treatment discontinuation criteria were met.

Electrospun Biomimetic Periosteum Promotes Diabetic Bone Defect Regeneration through Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Sequential Drug Release.

The inadequate vascularization and abnormal immune microenvironment in the diabetic bone defect region present a significant challenge to osteogenic regulation. Inspired by the distinctive characteristics of healing staged in diabetic bone defects and the structure-function relationship in the natural periosteum, we fabricated an electrospun bilayer biomimetic periosteum (Bilayer@E) to promote regeneration of diabetic bone defects. Here, the inner layer of biomimetic periosteum was fabricated using coaxial electrospinning fibers, with a shell incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and a core containing silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO NPs) mimicking the cambium of periosteum; the outer layer consisted of randomly aligned electrospun fibers loaded with deferoxamine (DFO), simulating the fibrous layer of periosteum; finally, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was coated onto the bilayer membrane to obtain Bilayer@E.

Sex differences in the association between metabolic disorder and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Background: Previous evidence suggests that immune-inflammatory dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic disorder (MD) of patients with schizophrenia, yet studies on sex differences in the association between both are limited. The current study aimed to investigate sex differences in the association between MD and inflammatory cytokines in Han Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS).

Methods: This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in one general hospital and two psychiatric hospitals in Anhui Province, China.