Establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system based on growth points transformation method in Fraxinus mandshurica.

The lack of an effective gene editing technology system for Fraxinus mandshurica makes it challenging to improve its traits through genetic engineering methods. In this study, an effective CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system targeting plant growth points was established through the optimization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens concentration and infection duration. Furthermore, a tissue culture system for clustered buds was developed by supplementing the media with hormones at different concentrations.

Evaluating Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Devices in Healthcare: A Review of Hardware, Software, and Usability Approaches.

Augmented reality head-mounted devices (AR HMDs) are increasingly deployed in healthcare. Given the stringent safety and efficacy requirements of medical settings, proactive quantitative testing of key performance attributes prior to deployment is critical for risk assessment. A systematic performance evaluation framework is essential not only to support clinical adoption but also to secure regulatory approval.

The glucose sensor NSUN2-mC modification regulates tumor-immune glucose metabolism reprogramming to drive hepatocellular carcinoma evolution.

Tumor heterogeneity and the dynamic evolution of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) contribute to therapeutic resistance and poor clinical prognosis. To elucidate this mechanism, we first established a murine tumor evolution model (TEM) and systematically identified evolutionary core genes demonstrating progressive alterations during evolution. Subsequently, we developed a single-cell TEM through integrative analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical specimens (n=10) with external cohorts (n=11), enabling dynamic characterization of tumor-immune interactions during evolution, while addressing ethical challenges associated with obtaining tumor tissues from multiple stages in a single patient.

Dynamics of soft connective tissues and implications for synthetic biomaterials: interfacing the frequency and time domains.

Soft connective tissues found in the body have a mechanical role to support and transfer load, provide protection, to cells and organs across all physiological systems of the body. They typically function within dynamic loading environments. This review explores the characterisation of soft connective tissues under cyclic loading, with implications for replacement biomaterials.

Gelatin Methacryloyl Xerogel Puncture Implants Loaded with CuMnO Nanoparticles Synergizes Cuproptosis and STING Activation for Enhanced Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.

The immunosuppressive niche of the breast cancer microenvironment and the vascular basement membrane significantly hinder the efficacy of nanoparticle-based antitumor immunotherapy delivered via the vascular system. This study describes the design of a puncture-delivered tumor implant, utilizing a photo-cross-linked gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel as the matrix, loaded with CuMnO nanoparticles (CMO NPs) and monomethyl fumarate (MMF), enabling the sustained release of nanoparticles through matrix metalloproteinase-responsive degradation. Mechanistically, CMO NPs induce cuproptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, while synergizing with MMF to trigger substantial mtDNA release into the cytosol.

Cardiomyocyte OTUD1 drives diabetic cardiomyopathy via directly deubiquitinating AMPKα2 and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction.

Deubiquitinating modification of proteins is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we investigated the role and regulating mechanism of a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), ovarian tumor domain-containing protein 1 (OTUD1), in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We find a significantly increased OTUD1 expression in diabetic mouse hearts, and single-cell RNA sequencing shows OTUD1 mainly distributing in cardiomyocytes.

Use of early-lactation milk Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy and farm data to predict the calving-to-conception interval in Chinese dairy cows.

The potential of milk Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in predicting cow fertility has been extensively examined, but largely based on the number of services per conception (NSC). Compared with NSC, Calving-to-conception interval (CCI) may be a more critical factor influencing the profitability, productivity, and sustainability of dairy herds, as it reflects days to first breeding, voluntary waiting period, NSC, and service intervals. Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of FTIR spectroscopy and farm data collected from early lactation to predict CCI length postcalving in Holstein cows from a highly productive TMR system.

Macrophage-targeted emodin nanomaterials for effective acute pancreatitis treatment modulation of the JNK pathway.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdominal inflammatory disease, characterized by pancreatic autodigestion, acinar cell necrosis, and systemic inflammation. Currently, there is a lack of specific drugs in the treatment of AP. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an effective approach in the prevention and treatment of AP, with rheum being one of the key components in commonly used TCM formulas for treating AP.

GCSA-SegFormer: Transformer-Based Segmentation for Liver Tumor Pathological Images.

Pathological images are crucial for tumor diagnosis; however, due to their extremely high resolution, pathologists often spend considerable time and effort analyzing them. Moreover, diagnostic outcomes can be significantly influenced by subjective judgment. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, deep learning models offer new possibilities for pathological image diagnostics, enabling pathologists to diagnose more quickly, accurately, and reliably, thereby improving work efficiency.

A novel combined quadrivalent self-amplifying mRNA-LNP vaccine provokes protective immunity against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasitic protozoan, which infects almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, causes toxoplasmosis. However, we lack effective drugs and vaccines to control toxoplasmosis, representing a clinical challenge. Therefore, safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed.

A Postprocessing Tool for Efficient Molecular Reaction Path Analysis in Kinetic Simulations.

This study presents a Python-based tool for extracting molecular reaction pathways from kinetic simulation trajectory files. Compared to traditional depth first search (DFS) and breadth first search (BFS) algorithms, a more efficient chain analysis algorithm is introduced. The tool utilizes a full-time domain response analysis approach, enabling the identification of reactions across nonadjacent frames, thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness of the analysis.

Optical thermometry using phonon-assisted luminescence thermal enhancement of Tm-doped upconversion under multi-wavelength excitation.

Thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence demonstrates distinct advantages for optical thermometry in complex scenarios. In this work, NaYS:Tm phosphors are synthesized via a solid-gas reaction method, followed by systematic investigation of the upconversion luminescence characteristic. The abundant energy level structure of Tm enables its dual functionality as both sensitizer and activator, achieving self-sensitized upconversion luminescence.

Influence of milk storage time on mid-infrared spectroscopy and its predictions for amino acid content.

Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is increasingly used as a rapid and effective analytical method for the quantitative prediction of detailed milk composition, such as minerals, fatty acids, and AA. These analyses require the transportation of samples to a certified laboratory. In this case, storage time may affect MIRS and its prediction results.

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy and Its Recent Clinical Applications in Combination with Other Procedures in Children: A Narrative Review.

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a dynamic diagnostic tool that is increasingly used to evaluate upper airway obstruction, especially in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Although initially established in adult populations, its pediatric application is expanding. Since 1990, more than 80 studies have explored various aspects of DISE, with a growing subset focusing specifically on its use in children, supported by advancements in sedation protocols.

Near-infrared fluorescent nanoprobe enables noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of graft outcome in RPE transplantation.

Objectives: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell transplantation holds therapeutic promise for retinal degenerative diseases, but longitudinal monitoring of graft survival and efficacy remains clinically challenging. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and effective method for the therapeutic quantification of RPE cell transplantation and immune rejection .

Methods: A nanoprobe was developed and modified to label donor RPE cells, and used to monitor the position and intensity of the fluorescence signal .

The GRAS transcription factor BpGRAS34 functions as a positive regulator of salt stress response in Betula platyphylla.

Plant-specific GRAS transcription factors play crucial roles in the response to abiotic stresses, yet many of GRASs remain functionally uncharacterized. In this study, the GRAS transcription factor BpGRAS34 from Betula platyphylla was identified and characterized for its role in responding to salt stress. BpGRAS34 is a nuclear-localized protein that possesses transcriptional activation activity.

A Nanosystem Alleviates Severe Acute Pancreatitis via Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Enhancing Mitochondrial Autophagy.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a life-threatening condition characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and impaired mitochondrial function, resulting from disrupted autophagic flux. Current clinical treatment for SAP fails to address the condition comprehensively, with the treatment targeting only a single pathogenesis. Herein, we report an innovative acid-responsive biomimetic nanozyme.

CAVIN3 deficiency promotes vascular normalization in ocular neovascular disease via ERK/JAG1 signaling pathway.

Multiple members of the caveolae-associated protein (Cavin) family are implicated in angiogenesis. However, the specific role of CAVIN3 in pathological angiogenesis within the eye remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that CAVIN3 knockdown in endothelial cells (ECs) promoted vascular normalization in ocular pathological neovascularization.

Characteristics of Studies Focusing on Vaccine Series Completion Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: Vaccine preventable diseases remain the leading causes of death among children in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background/objectives: As vaccines provide the best possible protection only when all required doses are received, it is essential to understand how the published literature is designed and conducted regarding the completion of recommended childhood vaccine series for children aged 12-23 months in SSA.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to identify the relevant literature published between January 2000 through December 2023.

OTUD1 delays wound healing by regulating endothelial function and angiogenesis in diabetic mice.

Introduction: Diabetic non-healing wounds represent a major complication of diabetes, primarily due to impaired angiogenesis. Ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 1 (OTUD1), a deubiquitinase, has been implicated in vascular pathophysiology; however, its role in endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis during diabetic wound healing is still poorly understood.

Objectives: This study explores whether OTUD1 influences angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms.

Isolation, Identification, and Pathogenicity of an Avian Reovirus Epidemic Strain in Xinjiang, China.

To investigate the prevalence and pathogenic characteristics of avian reovirus (ARV) in the Xinjiang region of China, this study collected suspected joint tissue samples from broiler farms across different areas of the Taikun Group. The samples were subjected to virus isolation, RT-PCR analysis, sequence analysis, in vitro replication assays, and pathogenicity assessments in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and chickens. The results revealed the isolation of a chicken-derived ARV epidemic strain, designated as ARV xj-1.

YBX1-driven TUBB6 upregulation facilitates ocular angiogenesis via WNT3A-FZD8 pathway.

Pathological ocular neovascularization, a characteristic feature of proliferative ocular diseases, is a primary contributor to global vision impairment. The dynamics of tubulin are crucial in maintaining ocular homeostasis, closely linked to cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving this process is vital for formulating effective therapeutic strategies.

Invertible Diffusion Models for Compressed Sensing.

While deep neural networks (NNs) significantly advance image compressed sensing (CS) by improving reconstruction quality, the necessity of training current CS NNs from scratch constrains their effectiveness and hampers rapid deployment. Although recent methods utilize pre-trained diffusion models for image reconstruction, they struggle with slow inference and restricted adaptability to CS. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes Invertible Diffusion Models (IDM), a novel efficient, end-to-end diffusion-based CS method.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Percentage Loss of Tensile Modulus of Epoxy Polymer.

Epoxy resins are critical materials in aerospace applications, yet their mechanical properties, specifically the tensile modulus, can be significantly compromised when exposed to electron irradiation in space environments. To thoroughly examine this degradation, we developed an integrated research approach combining vacuum electron irradiation experiments with multi-scale simulations. Coarse-grained (CG) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods were employed to generate the necessary models and primary knock-on atom (PKA) data, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to model the irradiation and tensile processes.

Cardiomyocyte PRL2 Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy via Directly Dephosphorylating AMPKα2.

Background: Pathological cardiac hypertrophy can result in heart failure. Protein dephosphorylation plays a primary role in the mediation of various cellular processes in cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated the effects of a protein tyrosine phosphatase, PRL2 (phosphatase of regenerative liver 2), on pathological cardiac hypertrophy.