Droplets Self-Draining on the Horizontal Slippery Surface for Real-Time Anti-/De-Icing.

Undesired ice accumulation on infrastructure and transportation systems leads to catastrophic events and significant economic losses. Although various anti-icing surfaces with photothermal effects can initially prevent icing, any thawy droplets remaining on the horizontal surface can quickly re-freezing once the light diminishes. To address these challenges, we have developed a self-draining slippery surface (SDSS) that enables the thawy droplets to self-remove on the horizontal surface, thereby facilitating real-time anti-icing with the aid of sunlight (100 mW cm).

Naoxintong capsules for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke: Meta-Analyses of clinical and preclinical evidence.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Naoxintong, a Chinese patent medicine, may serve as an adjunctive therapy for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Naoxintong in preventing recurrent ischemic stroke and to review its preclinical evidence.

Materials And Methods: A search of electronic databases and registries was performed to locate relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Naoxintong for preventing ischemic stroke recurrence and animal studies exploring its mechanisms in atherosclerosis improvement.

Phylogenetic Reassessment of Murinae Inferred from the Mitogenome of the Monotypic Genus Endemic to Southeast Asia: New Insights into Genetic Diversity Erosion.

The Millard's rat (), a threatened murid endemic to Southeast Asian montane rainforests and the sole member of its monotypic genus, faces escalating endangered risks as a Near Threatened species in China's Biodiversity Red List. This ecologically specialized rodent exhibits diagnostic morphological adaptations-hypertrophied upper molars and cryptic pelage-that underpin niche differentiation in undisturbed tropical/subtropical forests. Despite its evolutionary distinctiveness, the conservation prioritization given to is hindered due to a deficiency of data and unresolved phylogenetic relationships.

Safety and pharmacokinetics evaluation of oroxylin A in Chinese healthy volunteers: a phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose, multiple dose, and food effect study.

Purpose: Oroxylin A (OA) is a flavonoid, obtained from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi which is a traditional Chinese herbal, with antitumor and other pharmacological activities. OA tablets are an innovative drug, and a formal single ascending and multiple dose pharmacokinetic (PK) trial was conducted in humans to evaluate the required to determine the safety and tolerability of OA as well as the effect of food on its PK parameters profile.

Methods: This clinical study consisted of three parts: single ascending dose (400[n = 3], 800, 1600 and 2400 mg OA [n = 8/group] and placebo [n = 6]), multiple dose (1600 or 2400 mg OA [n = 8 / group] and placebo [n = 4] once daily), and food effects (1600 mg OA single dose [n = 12]).

Decision-Making Signatures of Methamphetamine and Alcohol Use Disorders.

Background: Aberrant decision-making is a hallmark of substance use disorders (SUDs), often impeding recovery. While uncertainty, comprising risk and ambiguity, is central to real-world choices, its distinct effects in SUDs remain underexplored. This study disentangles risk and ambiguity to identify context-specific impairments in methamphetamine (MUD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD).

Radiation-sensitive circRNA promotes intestinal regeneration.

Background: The intestine is one of the most sensitive organs to ionizing radiation (IR), and radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) impacts the quality of life of patients undergoing radiotherapy. There are limited early diagnostic biomarkers and specific medicines clinically approved for RIII. Therefore, we sought to identify new theranostic targets to prevent RIII and to facilitate the reestablishment of the intestinal epithelium.

Neuroplasticity and brain health: insights from natural torpor.

Natural torpor is a seasonal adaptation that ensures very low energy expenditure to survive periods of harsh conditions. The brains of hibernating mammals can survive prolonged periods with a low body temperature and low energy supply. Moreover, they exhibit marked changes in neuronal morphology, function, and network connectivity during the torpor-arousal transition.

Benzothiazole kills Meloidogyne incognita quickly by inhibiting GST to trigger ROS bursting.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) present a significant threat to global agriculture, and the development of multi-drug resistance in these nematodes exacerbates this problem. Benzothiazole, a heterocyclic compound has been reported as a potential nematicide, however, its mode of action is not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the nematicidal mechanism of benzothiazole against M.

New insights into the transcriptomic profile during the late stages of chicken embryonic development.

While comprehensive transcriptomic characterization of muscle development during the hatching stage remains limited, we conducted an integrated analysis of coding and non-coding RNA profiles in the pectoral muscles of Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and TaoYuan (TY) chickens at embryonic days 17 (E17), 19 (E19), and 21 (E21). Our findings revealed notable phenotypic differences: AA broilers exhibited greater embryo weight and larger muscle fiber cross-sectional areas compared to TY chickens. Across three developmental stages, we identified 4,577 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 143 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs), 90 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), and 3,159 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs).

Influence of hydrophilic polysaccharides as fat substitutes on the digestibility of myofibrillar protein gels.

Among all fat substitutes, hydrophilic polysaccharides can simultaneously meet the requirements of processing, sensory, and functional properties, thus have been widely used in meat products. However, there are few reports on the impact of the addition of hydrophilic polysaccharides on the digestibility of myofibrillar protein gels. This study focused on four hydrophilic polysaccharides including octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified starch, sodium alginate (SA), konjac gum (KG) and xanthan gum (XG).

Lanthanide-Containing Bilayer Polymers With Programmable Wrinkling Dynamics Coherent With Visible Light.

A family of lanthanide metallopolymer/polyurethane bilayer polymers exhibiting multicolor luminescence and tunable wrinkling behavior are engineered to combat escalating challenges in information forgery and data leakage. These architectures are fabricated by spin-coating a lanthanide-coordinated metallopolymer skin layer onto a polyurethane substrate, facilitating strained-induced topographical transformations through a tensile-release process. During dynamic relaxation, the emergent wrinkled topographies modulate optical diffraction, yielding three distinct states: diffuse scattering (frosted glass effect), constructive interference (iridescent rainbow effect), and optical transparency.

Preparation of zwitterionic covalent organic framework for high throughout extraction of fluoroquinolones from lake water and milk.

A zwitterionic covalent organic framework was synthesized and applied as SPME blade coating for the extraction of fluoroquinolones in lake water and milk samples. The structure and functional groups of the sorbent were characterized via SEM, XPS, FT-IR, and XRD. Adsorption kinetic/isotherm analyses demonstrated chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption with high affinity.

Application of cyclodextrin-based microcapsules in food flavors and fragrances.

Food flavors and fragrances are vital for foods. They can impart aroma and flavor to foods, enhance and compensate for flavor perception of foods, and mask the undesirable flavor of foods, thus increasing overall food acceptability and consumers' purchase intention. However, most of the flavors and fragrances are sensitive to air, moisture, heat, and light, leading to difficulties in processing them and adding them to foods.

Dietary Supplementation with Probiotics Alleviates Intestinal Injury in LPS-Challenged Piglets.

This study aimed to assess whether dietary supplementation with probiotics could alleviate intestinal injury in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four individual groups ( = 6): (1) a control group; (2) an LPS group; (3) an LPS + group; and (4) an LPS + group. The control and LPS groups received a basal diet, while the probiotic groups were provided with the same basal diet supplemented with 6 × 10 cfu/g of () or a combination of () and () at a dosage of 3 × 10 cfu/g, respectively.

Nuclear Autoantigenic Sperm Protein Promotes Cardiac Regeneration and Repair Through Activating the PDGFRB/AKT Pathway.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) typically leads to unfavorable heart failure due to delayed reperfusion treatment. The adult heart is generally considered a nonregenerative organ. In contrast, the neonatal mammalian heart possesses the unique and transient ability to regenerate after injury.

[Advanced paternal age-related germline mutations in the offspring with neurodevelopmental disorders: An update].

With the rapid development of social economy and changed concept of reproduction, childbirth at an advanced age is on a steadily upward trend. However, advanced paternal age (APA) at conception may lead to potential health problems and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in the offspring. Aging-related free radical damage can cause changes and accumulation in the DNA level and/or epigenetic modifications of the male reproductive system and even spermatozoa, ultimately increasing the risk of NDDs in the offspring.

Hearing changes and trajectories during the menopausal transition and their association with metabolic factors.

Background: Hearing loss is an emerging public health concern, with women typically experiencing deterioration during menopause; however, longitudinal studies across this transition are limited. This study examined hearing changes across the menopausal transition in order to identify distinct patterns of hearing decline from 11 years before to 9 years after the final menstrual period, with the goal of informing strategies for early detection and intervention.

Materials And Methods: We followed 4448 women aged 42-52 years who underwent regular health exams at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers (2014-2018) through 2023.

Fibro-NPC: a pathogenic subtype identified at single-cell resolution with secreted SFRP4 as a biomarker in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a primary cause of low back pain and, in severe cases, can lead to disability. Current treatments for low back pain remain limited in efficacy, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving IDD. The degeneration process is primarily driven by an imbalance in the extracellular matrix, largely due to the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).

PGRP-S promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via MAPK/ERK pathway by interaction with TTC1.

Abnormal expression of PGRP-S plays an important role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the mechanism has remained elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function and potential mechanism of PGRP-S in HCC. We found that PGRP-S was upregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent tissues.

Rice Milling Enhances Cadmium Bioavailability via Nutrient Loss and Transporter Activation.

Rice polishing enhances sensory appeal but removes essential nutrients, potentially influencing the bioavailability of toxic elements like cadmium (Cd). This study investigated how rice milling alters Cd accumulation and intestinal transport mechanisms. Twelve rice samples from a Cd-contaminated region were milled into paired brown and polished forms and fed to mice.

A novel P450 enzyme assay utilizing an NADP-based biosensor.

Purpose: High-throughput screening methods for cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s), such as colorimetric, mass spectrometric, and fluorescence-based assays, often face limitations in throughput, real-time monitoring, and versatility.

Methods: To address these challenges, we developed a novel biosensor leveraging glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation for real-time monitoring of intracellular NADP levels, enabling P450 activity detection. The sensor was applied to monitor P450 activity by tracking intracellular NADP dynamics, as P450s catalyze diverse substrate reactions and convert NADPH to NADP via their electron transport system.

Menopausal stage transitions and associations with overall and domain-specific perceived stress in middle-aged Korean women.

Background: The menopausal transition, closely linked to later-life health, involves substantial physiological and psychological changes, potentially increasing perceived stress. However, longitudinal studies have reported inconsistent results, with limited data for Asian women, despite the potential for perceived stress to vary with both race and socioeconomic status. Therefore, this study investigated the longitudinal association between menopausal transition and perceived stress among middle-aged Korean women.

A dataset of expression profile of certain microRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as crucial gene regulatory molecules, participate in the regulation of biological processes through multiple mechanisms such as transcriptional repression and mRNA degradation. In this study, we first examined the expression patterns of 36 miRNAs at the L1 stage of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), revealing that the majority exhibited basal low expression levels.