Inconsistent capacity of potential HONO sources to enhance secondary pollutants: Evidence from WRF-Chem modeling.

Nitrous acid (HONO) is a crucial source of OH radicals in the troposphere, significantly enhancing secondary pollutants like secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN). While prior research has examined HONO sources and their total impacts on secondary pollution, the specific enhancement capacity of each individual HONO source remains underexplored. This study uses observational data from 2015 to 2018 for HONO, SOA, and PAN across six sites in China, combined with WRF-Chem model adding six potential HONO sources to evaluate their capacity: traffic emissions (E_traffic), soil emissions (E_soil), indoor-outdoor exchange (E_indoor), nitrate photolysis (P_nit), and NO heterogeneous reactions on aerosol and ground surfaces (Het_a, Het_g).

High expression of myeloperoxidase may be related to the occurrence of urethral fistula in hypospadias patients after tubularized-incised plate urethroplasty repair.

Background: Surgical treatment is currently the only treatment for hypospadias, but the incidence of postoperative complications is still high, among which urethral fistula is the most common one. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of urethral fistula in hypospadias patients after tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty repair.

Methods: Proteomics analysis was performed to detect differences expression in proteins between groups (hypospadias without complications, hypospadias with urethral fistular).

Nanocellulose composites with enhanced mechanical and flame-retardant properties based on grafting of inorganic organic/multilayer core-shell matter - MSNs-TMSB/DA/TOCNF.

Flame retardant materials are essential for safety, yet their development is often hindered by trade-offs between efficiency, aging resistance, and mechanical properties. Traditional organic flame retardants are inefficient and degrade over time, while inorganic alternatives, despite their effectiveness, are difficult to integrate into composites. Here we showed the synthesis of a novel inorganic silica-based flame retardant, PDA@MSNs-TMSB, which chemically modified nanocellulose fibrils, enhancing flame retardancy, aging resistance, and toughness without compromising integrity.

Observation of risk factors for shoulder subluxation after stroke using ultrasonography to measure thickness of the supraspinatus muscle: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevention of shoulder subluxation, which is mainly caused by stroke, remains a challenge in rehabilitation treatment. While shoulder subluxation is a common problem after stroke, adequate objective predictors is lacking.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the acromion-greater tuberosity (A-GT) distance using ultrasound imaging in stroke patients, investigate the risk factors for shoulder subluxation after stroke, analyze the etiology of shoulder subluxation, and effectively prevent its occurrence.

Histone crotonylation in tumors (Review).

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) refers to a type of modification in which crotonyl groups are transferred to lysine residues by histone crotonyltransferase (HCT) using crotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) as a substrate. Kcr is distributed in core histones and in some nonhistone proteins. Histone crotonylation is a newly discovered epigenetic modification with a significant ability to regulate gene expression.

Input-output organization of the mouse BLA-projecting IL neurons.

Introduction: The infralimbic cortex (IL), a critical subregion within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), modulates emotion, memory, and social functions via robust projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, the afferent brain regions that innervate BLA-projecting IL neurons (IL-BLA PNs) and their efferent targets have not been systematically characterized.

Methods: We employed tracing techniques integrating adeno-associated virus (AAV) and monosynaptic rabies to systematically investigate the presynaptic inputs and axonal outputs of IL-BLA PNs.

Physiology-Related Variations in the Blood Hormone and Metabolome of Endangered Hog Deer ().

: The hog deer () is an endangered species facing significant threats from habitat loss and fragmentation, with only captive populations remaining in China. Expanding breeding programs and restoring wild populations are critical strategies for the species' conservation. Achieving this requires the development of an effective health database and the identification of molecular biomarkers for their physiological traits.

Endocannabinoid interference blocks post-global cerebral ischemia depression through prefrontal cortico-amygdala projections.

Up to 45% of patients surviving from transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI) after cardiac arrest develop post-global cerebral ischemia depression (PGCID), but how to treat PGCID is clinically unknown. Here we find that cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CBR) antagonists, CBR knockout and endocannabinoid (eCB) synthesis inhibition block acute stress-induced PGCID. Application of acute stress to GCI mice increases CBR activity from ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC) terminals synapsing with the basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons, indicating the involvement of increased vmPFC-BLA synaptic eCB signaling in PGCID induction.

Association of health behaviors in life's essential 8 and hypertension in adolescents: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database.

Background: Hypertension is a common condition during adolescence with increasing prevalence globally, alongside the epidemic of unhealthy lifestyles and obesity. Health behaviors have been shown to be associated with hypertension risk in adults. Life's essential 8 (LE8), as a comprehensive indicator to evaluate cardiovascular health (CVH), includes 4 health factors and 4 health behaviors.

Elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level is an independent prognostic factor for pediatric patients with Wilms tumor.

Introduction: Elevated plasma D-dimer levels are an unfavorable prognostic indicator for various tumors. However, its predictive value for prognosis in pediatric patients with Wilms tumor (WT) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic value of preoperative plasma D-dimer levels and other clinicopathological characteristics in patients with favorable histology WT (FHWT).

Impact of soil-atmosphere HONO exchange on concentrations of HONO and O in the North China Plain.

Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH) and plays a vital role in atmospheric photochemistry and nitrogen cycling. Soil emissions have been considered as a potential source of HONO. Lately, the HONO emission via soil-atmosphere exchange (E) from soil nitrite has been validated and quantified through chamber experiments, but has not been assessed in the real atmosphere.

Rare pediatric synchronous bilateral testicular germ cell tumors of different pathological types: a case report.

The occurrence of synchronous bilateral testicular germ cell tumors (BTGCTs) of different pathologic histologic types in pediatric patients is rare. We reported a case of a left testicular yolk sac tumor (YST) combined with a right testicular mature teratoma. Left orchiectomy and right testis-sparing surgery were performed.

Ossifying renal tumor of infancy: a case report.

Ossifying renal tumor of infancy (ORTI) is an extremely rare benign renal solid tumor with typical clinical and pathological features. Most cases are diagnosed in infants that are less than 12 months of age and is more common in males. The first symptom in most patients is painless gross hematuria.

Dominant physical and chemical processes impacting nitrate in Shandong of the North China Plain during winter haze events.

Nitrate has been a dominant component of PM since the stringent emission control measures implemented in China in 2013. Clarifying key physical and chemical processes influencing nitrate concentrations is crucial for eradicating heavy air pollution in China. In this study, we explored dominant processes impacting nitrate concentrations in Shandong of the North China Plain during three haze events from 9 to 25 December 2021, named cases P1 (94.

Dual-band achromatic metalens-assisted grating couplers for wavelength demultiplexing.

The design of grating couplers (GCs) that can (de)multiplex and couple arbitrarily defined spatial light into photonic devices is crucial for miniaturized integrated chips. However, traditional GCs have a limited optical bandwidth due to their wavelength's dependency on the coupling angle. In this paper, we propose a device that addresses this limitation by combining a dual-broadband achromatic metalens (ML) with two focusing GCs.

Chromatin Remodeling Factor SMARCA5 is Essential for Hippocampal Memory Maintenance via Metabolic Pathways in Mice.

Gene transcription and new protein synthesis regulated by epigenetics play integral roles in the formation of new memories. However, as an important part of epigenetics, the function of chromatin remodeling in learning and memory has been less studied. Here, we showed that SMARCA5 (SWI/SNF related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 5), a critical chromatin remodeler, was responsible for hippocampus-dependent memory maintenance and neurogenesis.

Divergent summertime surface O pollution formation mechanisms in two typical Chinese cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Fenwei Plain.

Recently, severe summertime ozone (O) pollution has swept across most areas of China, especially the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region and Fenwei Plain. By focusing on Beijing and Yuncheng, which are two typical cities in the BTH region and the Fenwei Plain, we intended to reveal the neglected fact that they had disparate emission features and atmospheric movements but suffered from similar high-O pollution levels. Field observations indicated that Yuncheng had lower volatile organic compound (VOC) and NO concentrations but higher background O levels.

Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Cracking of Diaphragm Notch in Orthotropic Steel Deck Model.

Orthotropic steel deck (OSD) are widely used in steel bridges because of their many advantages, but the structures and stresses of OSD are complex and sensitive to fatigue. Based on the model test, the structural fatigue analysis of OSD is carried out by using the extended finite element method (XFEM) to understand and reveal the causes of fatigue detail cracks and the generation and propagation of fatigue cracks at the welding ends of diaphragms, U-ribs, and diaphragms, which are the main structural fatigue details of the deck. The results show that: the fatigue crack at the diaphragm opening is not caused by a single factor, but the horizontal relative displacement is the root-cause of the fatigue crack; the contribution of out-of-plane displacement to the fatigue crack is more significant than that of vertical displacement or in-plane stress, which often leads to the initiation and propagation of the fatigue crack; the crack-propagation direction is perpendicular to the contour of principal stress, and the crack propagates into the plate along the high-stress area in the horizontal direction, which is in accordance with the basic theory of crack propagation.

Coexistence of circular dichroism and asymmetric transmission in Babinet-complementary metamaterials.

Chiral metamaterials with circular dichroism (CD) or asymmetric transmission (AT) draw enormous attention for their attractive applications in polarization transformers, circular polarizers, and biosensing. In this study, a feasible trilayer chiral metamaterials (TCM) is designed and investigated in theory and simulation. The proposed TCM is composed of a nanoslit layer and a Babinet-complementary nanorod layer separated by a nanoslit spacer.

miRNA-126a-3p participates in hippocampal memory via alzheimer's disease-related proteins.

Memory formation and consolidation necessitate gene expression and new protein synthesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small noncoding RNAs that inhibit target gene mRNA expression, are involved in new memory formation. In this study, elevated miR-126a-3p (miR-126) levels were found to contribute to the consolidation of contextual fear memory.

A comprehensive investigation on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 2018 in Beijing, China: Characteristics, sources and behaviours in response to O formation.

Observations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a prerequisite for evaluating the effectiveness of government efforts targeting VOC pollution. Here, based on the one-year online VOC measurement in 2018 in Beijing, systematic analyses and model simulation were conducted to illuminate VOC characteristics, emission sources, regional hotspots and behaviours in response to O formation. The observed mean VOC concentration in 2018 was 29.

3D Printing of Black Bioceramic Scaffolds with Micro/Nanostructure for Bone Tumor-Induced Tissue Therapy.

It is common to improve the relevant performance in the field of energy storage materials or catalytic materials by regulating the number of defects. However, there are few studies on the biomaterials containing defects for tissue engineering. Herein, a new type of defect-rich scaffolds, black akermanite (B-AKT) bioceramic scaffolds with micro/nanostructure, the thickness of which is from 0.

High crop yield losses induced by potential HONO sources - A modelling study in the North China Plain.

Nitrous acid (HONO) is a major source of hydroxyl radicals in the troposphere through its photolysis, and can significantly influence ozone (O) levels, thereby causing considerable crop yield losses. Previous studies have assessed relative crop yield losses by using exposure-response equations with observed or simulated O, however, the contribution of enhanced O due to potential HONO sources to the crop yield losses has never been quantified. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the crop yield losses caused by potential HONO sources in the North China Plain (NCP), which is one of the major grain-producing areas in China suffering from heavy O pollution, by using the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model during the wheat and maize growing seasons of 2016.