Bromine-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks Enhancing the Desorption Efficiency and Enabling Preconcentration of Brominated Pollutants for Mass Spectrometry Detection.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit exceptional adsorption capacity but suffer from challenging desorption. In this study, a bromine-functionalized magnetic COF composite (FeO@COF-Br) was synthesized via bromodimethylsulfonium bromide-mediated bromination of imine-linked COF on FeO nanospheres (FeO@COF), where the COF framework was constructed by 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene and 2,6-diamino-3,5-diethynylpyridine. Compared with pristine FeO@COF, FeO@COF-Br enhanced desorption efficiencies for brominated contaminants by about 30% while maintaining adsorption capacity.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates polystyrene microplastics-induced liver inflammation via activating LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in ducks.

Ubiquitous microplastics can bioaccumulate in organisms, resulting in detrimental health impacts, such as liver inflammation. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism by which polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) trigger liver inflammation via the gut-liver axis in ducks remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of PS-MPs exposure to liver inflammation through the gut-liver axis in ducks.

Snord15b Maintains Stemness of Intestinal Stem Cells via Enhancement of Alternative Splicing of Btrc Short Isoform for Suppression of β-Catenin Ubiquitination.

Intestinal epithelium is derived from Lgr5 intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the crypt base. However, how small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) regulate ISC stemness remains elusive. Here, a conserved snoRNA, Snord15b, that is highly expressed in ISCs is identified.

Microbiota metabolite taurodeoxycholic acid maintains intestinal tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells via engagement with P2Y10 receptor.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in innate immunity, epithelial barrier protection, and tissue homeostasis. However, the maintenance machinery of intestinal tissue residency of ILCs remains elusive. Here, we show that gut microbiota is necessary for the maintenance of intestinal tissue residency of ILCs.

Carbon policy and its impact on optimizing large-scale green networks for long-term fuel consumption: A unified approach.

Transportation network optimization is crucial for the growth and sustainability of airline operations and stakeholders, where the corresponding sustainable hub-and-spoke (HS) structure design is the core yet tough task. However, the evolving demands for carbon peaking and neutrality have still not been addressed thoroughly, especially considering the emerging long-term fuel consumption demand. Thus, this study introduces a novel stochastic optimization framework that incorporates a proposed fuel-driven queue mechanism to meet the long-term carbon policy objectives.

Antioxidant and Photoprotective Activities of Polyol Extracts.

(VP), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties, has recently garnered attention for its potential in skin photoprotection. VP was extracted using glycerol (GLY), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and 1,3-butanediol (BDO) at concentrations of 30%, 60%, and 90% (/) to evaluate its antioxidant and UV-protective properties. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the nine extracts ranged from 34.

Transcriptomic Insights into the Protective Effects of Apigenin and Sodium Butyrate on Jejunal Oxidative Stress in Ducks.

Apigenin and sodium butyrate have been reported to help alleviate oxidative stress. This study evaluated the jejunal transcriptomic responses in ducks receiving apigenin and sodium butyrate supplementation under oxidative stress. In total, 200 healthy 300-day-old female Jinyun Ma ducks (1.

Investigating the correlation between phenotype, cecal microbiome, and serum metabolome in laying ducks with different shell strength.

Eggshell quality plays a critical role in the poultry industry, influencing both biological and economic outcomes. However, the factors determining eggshell strength in egg-laying ducks remain poorly understood. This study sought to explore phenotypic variations, gut microbiota composition, and serum metabolites in ducks with differing eggshell strengths to identify key microbial and metabolic factors affecting shell integrity.

Identification of regulatory sequences in Aca11 and Aca13 for detection of anti-CRISPR and protein-protein interaction.

Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are frequently co-encoded with the anti-CRISPR associated (Aca) proteins, which act as repressors for regulating Acr expression within acr-aca operons. We previously identified three aca genes (aca11-13) from Streptococcus mobile genetic elements, but their regulatory mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we showed that Aca11 and Aca13 mediate bidirectional regulation in acr-aca operons through recognition of their inverted repeat (IR) sequences within the acr promoters.

Thymosin alpha 1 alleviates inflammation and prevents infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis through immune regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Immune and inflammatory disorders are part of the complex pathophysiological processes that exacerbate severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and subsequent infection. Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is an important immunomodulatory agent in clinical practice, but there is a lack evidence to prove its effectiveness in improving the condition of SAP patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy in meta-analysis.

Nonlight-Driven Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Bioimaging and Theranostics.

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been prosperously developed and applied in the fields of optical imaging and theranostics since its establishment. Nowadays, AIEgens can fulfill nearly all requirements in optical imaging and theranostics with emission spectra ranging from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Although a variety of AIEgens with varying wavelengths and functionalities have been continuously designed, their performance is heavily dependent on the use of conventional light sources, such as xenon lamps and lasers, which severely hinder further applications due to limited penetration depth and background autofluorescence in biological tissues.

Polystyrene microplastics exacerbate mitophagy through mitochondrial dysfunction in the duck lung.

Microplastics (MPs) are widespread environmental pollutants that can enter the human body through the food chain, potentially leading to lung damage. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this damage remain unclear. Ducks, a commonly consumed poultry species in China, are particularly susceptible to MPs exposure due to their farming environment.

Influence of fermented feed on lipid composition and volatile flavor profile of duck eggs: Insights from multi-omics analysis.

This study employed a multi-omics approach to examine the impact of feed fermentation on the lipid profile and volatile flavor of duck eggs. Sensory evaluation and GC × GC-TOFMS analyses demonstrated that microbial fermentation in feed significantly reduced the off-odor of duck eggs. Among the thirty-nine differential volatile compounds identified, six-namely 3-methylbutanal, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, acetophenone, 2-heptanone, and 2-pentylfuran-were likely responsible for the alteration in yolk aroma.

[Mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction in improving autophagy in interstitial cells of Cajal of rats with functional dyspepsia by regulation of IRE1/ASK1/JNK pathway].

This study explored the mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction(XSLJZD) in the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD) based on inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) pathway-mediated autophagy in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC). Forty-eight SPF-grade male SD suckling rats were randomly divided into a blank group and a modeling group, and the integrated modeling method(iodoacetamide gavage + disturbance of hunger and satiety + swimming exhaustion) was used to replicate the FD rat model. After the model replications were successfully completed, the rats were divided into a model group, high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of XSLJZD(12, 6, and 3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and a positive drug group(mosapride of 1.

The highly specific fluorescence visualization of mitochondrial peroxynitrite a naphthalimide probe.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO), a reactive nitrogen species with potent oxidative capacity, induces cell death through chemical modifications of biomolecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, while being implicated in the occurrence of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. The development of precise monitoring tools is therefore critical for elucidating its pathophysiological mechanisms. Given the mitochondrial predominance in ONOO biosynthesis, we engineered Mito-NAP-ONOO, a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe featuring (4-methoxyphenylthiophenyl)carbonyl as the recognition moiety, pyridine for mitochondrial localization and naphthalimide as the fluorogenic core.

Dietary resveratrol alleviates liver and intestinal injury in ducks under cage rearing system.

Cage rearing is a promising farming method. However, our previous studies have demonstrated that changes in farming practices induce oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and duodenum of ducks. Resveratrol (RES), a natural plant polyphenol, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties.

Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Ileal and Cecal Tissues Between Pekin Ducks and Shaoxing Ducks.

: Pekin ducks are well-known meat-type ducks, whereas Shaoxing ducks are bred for their egg-laying abilities. Growth and development of poultry species is well studied; however, very little is known regarding differences in intestinal gene expression between Pekin and Shaoxing ducks. : To investigate intestinal differences between Pekin and Shaoxing ducks, we conducted transcriptome analysis on ileal and cecal tissues from five 42-day-old ducks per breed, raised under identical housing and feeding conditions to minimize environmental influences.

Simulation of water flow and sulfate transport in a large freshwater lake basin under natural and anthropogenic disturbances.

Sulfate contamination in freshwater systems is a growing environmental concern due to its significant impact on water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. This study investigates the dynamics of water flow and sulfate transport in the Nansi Lake Basin (NLB) in northern China, focusing on the impacts of both natural and anthropogenic disturbances, using an integrated ecohydrological model. The study quantified the spatial variability of three primary sources of sulfate in the NLB: point source effluents, groundwater discharge, and non-point source pollution.

SNORA74A Drives Self-Renewal of Liver Cancer Stem Cells and Hepatocarcinogenesis Through Activation of Notch3 Signaling.

Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor initiation, heterogeneity and therapy resistance. However, the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the regulation of liver CSCs remains largely unclear. Here, this work identifies a conserved H/ACA box snoRNA SNORA74A which is highly expressed in liver CSCs.

Predict and prevent microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in Chinese communities.

Purpose: This study investigates the incidence, predictors, and preventive strategies for microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes patients in community settings.

Methods: Data were collected from 3,008 type 2 diabetes patients enrolled across 31 clinics in Beijing and Hebei. Prevalence and incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were assessed.

Transglutaminase 2 promotes breast cancer cell autophagy by targeting p53/ mTOR axis.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women. There is a pressing demand to develop new therapeutic strategies for advanced BC. In this report, we investigated whether Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is involved in BC growth.

Novel Laser-Assisted Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Laser-Assisted ESI-MS): A Sensitive Method for Determining Tetrabromobisphenol A and Its Derivative.

Efficient ionization is essential for sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Herein, a novel laser-assisted electrospray ionization (laser-assisted ESI) source was developed to efficiently ionize low-polar and thermal unstable compounds. By irradiating the electrospray nozzle with a simple and low-cost laser probe (450 nm, 500 mW), the sample droplets were stimulated with a laser beam as well as the high voltage of the electrospray, which significantly enhanced the ionization efficiency.

Interaction between cecal microbiota and liver genes of laying ducks with different residual feed intake.

Background: The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence on energy metabolism homeostasis and productive performance in avian species. Given the diminishing availability of arable land and intensifying competition for finite resources between livestock production and human populations, the agricultural sector faces dual imperatives to enhance productive efficiency while mitigating ecological footprints. Within this paradigm, optimizing nutrient assimilation efficiency in commercial waterfowl operations emerges as a strategic priority.

Impact of Microstructure on the In Situ Formation of LDH Coatings on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy.

Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) coatings were synthesized on as-cast, T4 (solution treatment), and T6 (aging treatment) AZ91 magnesium alloys using a hydrothermal method. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analyses showed that the large β-phases in as-cast AZ91 initially promoted LDH growth via galvanic corrosion, but later compromised coating integrity. In contrast, T6 and T4 alloys, with refined microstructures, formed uniform and compact LDH coatings.

Identification of novel tetrabromobisphenol A byproducts in industrial chemicals and the environment near a manufacturing site: an overlooked source of novel pollutants.

To evaluate the migration, transformation, and fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the environment, the transformation/degradation (T/D) products of TBBPA and byproducts of industrial production should be distinguished. Herein, 7 reported T/D products (R1-R7) and 7 novel byproducts (N1-N7) of TBBPA were identified in industrial-grade TBBPA chemicals by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled ion trap mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry with a suspect screening strategy. The possible formation pathways of these byproducts were attributed to the bromination, debromination, methylation, demethylation, hydroxylation, substitution, and radical coupling reactions of bisphenol A (BPA), BPA impurities, and TBBPA.