Identification, occurrence, and toxicity prediction of alkylphenolic disinfection by-products in disinfected combined sewer overflows.

Disinfection is essential in managing combined sewer overflows (CSOs) to reduce pathogenic microbial hazards. Disinfection can inevitably generate disinfection by-products (DBPs), which may adversely affect aquatic organisms. However, knowledge of emerging DBPs in disinfected CSOs remains limited because their water components differ from those of regular water sources.

Selective Attention in Early Word Learning: An Eye-Tracking Study on Viewing Naturalistic Egocentric Scenes.

To learn a word from an everyday context, infants need to be able to link the heard word with the correct object perceived. A prevailing view of the early learning environment is that infants' world is bombarded with objects and words. Therefore, it is difficult to find the named object from many possible candidates.

Multimodal imaging deep learning model for predicting extraprostatic extension in prostate cancer using MpMRI and 18 F-PSMA-PET/CT.

Objective: This study aimed to construct a multimodal imaging deep learning (DL) model integrating mpMRI and F-PSMA-PET/CT for the prediction of extraprostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer, and to assess its effectiveness in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists.

Methods: Clinical and imaging data were retrospectively collected from patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). Data were collected from a primary institution (Center 1, n = 197) between January 2019 and June 2022 and an external institution (Center 2, n = 36) between July 2021 and November 2022.

Seeking Meaning: Incorporating Linguistic Information in Cross-Situational Verb Learning.

Learning the meaning of a verb is challenging because learners need to resolve two types of ambiguity: (1) word-referent mapping-finding the correct referent event of a verb, and (2) word-meaning mapping-inferring the correct meaning of the verb from the referent event (e.g., whether the meaning of an action word is TURNING or TWISTING).

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor for spinal cord injury: Targeting JNK1 to relieve neuroinflammation and improve neural repair.

Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress induces neuronal apoptosis, necrosis, and pro-inflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord injury. The JNK pathway is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species. Our previous research demonstrated that cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor has anti-inflammatory effects and promotes the repair of the damaged spinal cord after injury.

Accelerating Li desolvation via symmetry-broken engineering of iron single-atom catalysts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

High-energy-density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are hindered by the detrimental shuttle effect and sluggish redox conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) arising from the high energy barrier of Li diffusion kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, the asymmetrically N,S co-coordinated atomic Fe sites (FeSAC-NS) are synthesized to present a strong interaction with Li based on the typical symmetry-broken electron redistribution. Comprehensive electrochemical and theoretical results reveal that FeSAC-NS as an efficient Li power pump could kinetically accelerate the dissociation of Li solvation structure and enhance the Li diffusion kinetics via the N-Fe-S active structure, further improving the bidirectional sulfur species redox electrochemistry.

Enhanced removal of thioethers from stormwater pipe overflows by coagulation and oxidation treatment: Removal performance, reaction kinetics, and ecotoxicity.

The direct discharge of untreated overflow wastewater from the drainage pipes into receiving water bodies can result in water quality deterioration and the formation of black and odorous water bodies. Thioethers, including dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), diethyl disulfide (DEDS), and diethyl trisulfide (DETS), are the primary odor-causing substances present in stormwater pipes. This study systematically investigated the removal efficiency of thioethers in overflow wastewater using various coagulation-oxidation processes.

A Highly Efficient and Biocompatible Cupper-Based Single-Atom Nanocatalyst with Unsaturated Coordination Structure for Efficient Diabetic Wound Healing.

The unsaturated coordination alters the electronic structure of metal atoms, exposing more active sites, and thereby demonstrating high catalytic activity. It is extremely difficult to precisely regulate the unsaturated coordination environment of single-atom catalysts due to the thermodynamically unstable structure. Herein, a facile "micelle-confined oxidative crosslinking and coupled coordination" strategy is proposed to construct a copper single-atom catalyst with an unsaturated Cu-N coordination structure in a confined silica-carbon framework (Cu SA@MCSN), which demonstrate unique pH-dependent multiple-enzymatic activity (peroxidase (POD)-like activity in an acidic environment with a low K of 6.

Hydroenergy Inspiring Large-Scale Piezoelectric Catalysis for Seawater Hydrogen Evolution.

The piezoelectric effect presents a promising avenue for harvesting and utilizing low-grade mechanical energy. However, challenges from lacking matched industrial equipment and maintaining catalytic performance during scaling up impede the engineering of piezo-catalysis. Here, utilizing mechanical energy of water to inspire piezoelectricity, a successful attempt at large-scale piezo-catalysis seawater H evolution was reported for the first time, exhibiting an efficiency of 36.

Chemical Reaction Mechanism of Proton Irradiation to Polyimide Materials under Low Earth Orbit Using ReaxFF MD Methods.

Proton irradiation in the inner radiation belt significantly degrades the thermal stability and mechanical properties of aerospace polymer materials, but the involved reaction mechanism remains elusive. In this work, we systematically investigate the chemical reactions and performance degradation mechanisms of polyimide materials under proton irradiation using ReaxFF MD methods. The reactions between proton H and polyimide can be classified into substitution, hydrogenolysis, and hydrogenation reactions, while the latter two can create unsaturated reaction sites that trigger additional reactions with proton H.

Multimodal radiomics based on fluorine-18 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in predicting persistent prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy.

Background: Persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is associated with increased metastasis and mortality. However, the value of the radiomics for predicting persistent PSA is unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of F-PSMA-1007 positron emission tomography (PET) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) radiomics for the prediction of persistent PSA after RP.

Blocking the LRH-1/LCN2 axis by ML-180, an LRH-1 inverse agonist, ameliorates osteoarthritis via inhibiting the MAPK pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative disease marked by inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration, contributing to synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), an orphan nuclear receptor, mediates inflammatory response. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the regulatory role of LRH-1 in OA pathogenesis.

NH-Induced Challenges in CO Hydrogenation over the Cu/ZnO/AlO Catalyst.

Gas sources rich in CO derived from biomass/waste gasification, anaerobic digestion, or industrial carbon capture often contain impurities such as HS, HO, and NH, which can significantly hinder catalyst performance. Here, we show the role of NH on the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction over a commercial Cu/ZnO/AlO catalyst, examining its effects on both the catalytic activity and the catalyst structure. We found that NH reversibly decreases CO conversion immediately by suppressing carbonate hydrogenation and CO desorption.

CXCL14 regulates ovarian endometriosis progression by targeting PCNA.

Objective: To explore the regulatory function and mechanism of CXCL14 in endometriosis.

Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of CXCL14 in eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) derived from patients with endometriosis and in situ endometrial stromal cells derived from healthy individuals. Alterations in cell proliferation and migration capabilities were assessed through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and transwell assays following the silencing or overexpression of CXCL14.

Increasing the local electron density of carbons for enhanced O activation at room temperature.

Room-temperature activation of O into a super dioxide radical (O˙) is a crucial step in oxidation processes. Here, the concept of tuning the local electron density of carbons is adopted to develop highly efficient catalysts for molecular oxygen activation. We demonstrate that the π electron of sp carbons is essential for activating O with the assistance of ultra-micropores, while varying defects or functional groups induce local electron rearrangement of carbons, thereby altering their catalytic capacity.

Salivary metabolites profiling for diagnosis of COPD: an exploratory study.

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are the gold standard for diagnosing of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Given its limitation in some scenarios, it is imperative to develop new high-throughput screening methods for biomarkers in diagnosing COPD. This study aims to explore the feasibility of screening novel diagnostic biomarkers based on salivary metabolomics for the limited availability of PFTs and difficulties in implementation at primary care facilities.

Global trends and projections of high BMI burden and its independent impact on atrial fibrillation and flutter.

Background: This study evaluates changes in the burden of high body mass index (BMI) and its impact on atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/AFL) using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database.

Methods: Mortality and disability-adjusted life years rates were analysed globally, considering age, sex, geography and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Decomposition and frontier analyses assessed the impact of epidemiological drivers and SDI on the burden.

Cervical length of preoperative cervical cerclage prognostic impacted the effect of cervical insufficiency.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the impact of preoperative cervical length before cervical cerclage on the extension of gestational days in patients with various diagnostic types of cervical insufficiency, including obstetric history-based diagnosis, ultrasound-based diagnosis, and physical examination-based diagnosis.

Methods: 168 patients were segregated into four categories based on cervical length: 0-0.4 cm, 0.

Aba-induced active stomatal closure in bulb scales of Lanzhou lily.

Abscisic acid (ABA) mediated stomatal closure is a highly effective mode of active stomatal regulation under drought stress. Previous studies on stomatal regulation have primarily focused on the leaves of vascular plants, while research on the stomatal behavior of bulbous plants remains unknown. In addition, ABA-induced stomatal regulation in bulbs has yet to be explored.

A Review of Advances in Heterostructured Catalysts for Li-S Batteries: Structural Design and Mechanism Analysis.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, acclaimed for their high energy density, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits, are widely considered as a leading candidate for the next-generation energy storage systems. However, their commercialization is impeded by critical challenges, such as the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics. These issues can be effectively mitigated through the design of heterojunction catalysts.

Mechanistic insight into confined Fenton system in the MXene layer (MXene-Fe@PES) for enhanced aquatic contaminant removal.

The confinement strategy was considered as an effective method for enhanced aquatic contaminant removal in catalytic systems, and the two-dimensional (2D) material displayed sufficient capacities for contaminant attenuation as compared to other materials due to the unique interlayer structures. However, information on the construction of confined catalytic systems using 2D materials is still lacked. Here, a novel 2D catalytic system in which Fe atoms were illustrated into MXene layers and polyether sulfone (PES) substrate (named MXene-Fe@PES) was established to explore its degradation potential toward typical aquatic contaminants e.

A proposed biomarker for human citric acid ester (CAE) exposure, and the potential disturbance on human lipid metabolism.

Citric acid esters (CAEs), as one class of important alternative plasticizers, have been proven to be ubiquitous in the environments, leading to an increasing concern regarding their potential health risk to humans. However, information regarding the biomarkers for human CAE biomonitoring is currently unknown. In the present study, we investigated the metabolism characteristics of CAEs by use of in vitro rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and in vivo mice.

Tracking chemical feature releases from plastic food packaging to humans.

Humankind are being exposed to a cocktail of chemicals, such as chemicals released from plastic food packaging. It is of great importance to evaluate the prevalence of plastic food packaging-derived chemicals pollution along the flow of food-human. We developed a robust and practical database of 2101 chemical features associated with plastic food packaging that combined data from three sources, 925 of which were acquired from non-target screening of chemical extracts from eight commonly used plastic food packaging materials.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure: A comprehensive bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are significant global health issues with a complex interrelationship. This study investigates their shared biomarkers and causal relationships using bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches.

Methods: We analysed NAFLD and HF datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Selective adsorption of high ionization potential value organic pollutants in wastewater.

It is imperative to devise effective removal strategies for high ionization potential (IP) organic pollutants in wastewater as their reduced electron-donating capacity challenges the efficiency of advanced oxidation systems in degradation. Against this backdrop, leveraging the metal-based carbon material structure meticulously, we employed metal-pyridine-N (M-N-C, M=Fe, Co, and Ni) as the electron transfer bridge. This distinctive design facilitated the ordered transfer of electrons from the adsorbent surface to the surface of high IP value pollutants, acting as a "supplement" to compensate for their deficient electron-donating capability, thereby culminating in the selective adsorption of these pollutants.