Critical role of LdZIP7 in enhancing cadmium tolerance of Lymantria dispar larvae: Functional identification at both the individual and cellular levels.

Heavy metals are prevalent environmental pollutants in habitats of phytophagous insects. This study investigates the tolerance of Lymantria dispar larvae to cadmium (Cd) and the associated mechanisms involving the ZIP family. Cd stress reduced larval body weight and extended the development duration without causing significant mortality.

The Mechanism of Matrilin-2 Inhibiting the Progression of In-Stent Restenosis for Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans via TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway.

Background: To evaluate differential expression of matrilin-2/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway components and downstream targets in primary atherosclerotic plaques versus in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesions of femoropopliteal arteries in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) patients and to explore the mechanistic role of this pathway in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation for preventing postinterventional restenosis.

Methods: Femoropopliteal intimal tissues were collected from 20 primary LEASO patients and 20 ISR patients with matched baseline characteristics. Western blot quantified matrilin-2, TGF-β, contractile (TAGLN) versus synthetic (MYH10) VSMC markers, and Smad phosphorylation levels.

Nanoscale Origin of the Soft-to-Hard Short-Circuit Transition in Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes.

Understanding and overcoming the chemomechanical failures of polycrystalline inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are critical for next-generation all-solid-state batteries. Yet, so far, the nanoscale origin of SSEs' chemomechanical failure under operation conditions remains a mystery. Here, by using in situ electron microscopy, we decipher the nanoscale origin of the soft-to-hard short-circuit transition─a conventionally underestimated failure mechanism─caused by electronic leakage-induced Li precipitation in SSEs.

Polyelectrolyte Membrane Enables Highly Reversible Zinc Battery Chemistry via Immobilizing Anion and Stabilizing Water.

The integration of water-based electrolytes into zinc-ion batteries encounters challenges due to the limited voltage window of water, interfacial side reactions of mobile counterions, and the growth of zinc metal (Zn) dendrites during charge. In this study, we introduce a nonfluorinated, cation-conducting polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) designed to alleviate these challenges by suppressing the reactivities of both water and counterions. This PEM forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules through its proton-accepting side chains, thus shifting the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of water from -0.

An Adhesive Adaptation Layer Mitigates the Interfacial Instabilities of Rigid Polymer Electrolyte.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are widely recognized as promising candidates for enabling solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) with improved safety, high energy density, and extended cycling life. The traditional perspective posits that increasing the mechanical modulus of SPEs enhances their capacity to regulate Li deposition and suppress dendrite penetration. However, this study reveals a distinct failure mechanism: a rigid SPE with a high storage modulus suffers from delamination-induced cell failure due to its inability to accommodate the volumetric changes of the Li anode.

A pH-Responsive and Guanidinium-Rich Nanoadjuvant Efficiently Delivers STING Agonist for Cancer Immunotherapy.

As natural agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have been identified as promising immunotherapies that trigger a potent immune response against tumors. However, the low stability, rapid clearance, inadequate cellular uptake, and inefficient cytosol localization heavily hinder the therapeutic efficacy of the hydrophilic and negatively charged 2', 3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP). How to efficiently deliver cGAMP into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to activate STING for immune priming remains challenging.

Global trends and projections of high BMI burden and its independent impact on atrial fibrillation and flutter.

Background: This study evaluates changes in the burden of high body mass index (BMI) and its impact on atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/AFL) using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database.

Methods: Mortality and disability-adjusted life years rates were analysed globally, considering age, sex, geography and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Decomposition and frontier analyses assessed the impact of epidemiological drivers and SDI on the burden.

RNAi-mediated knockdown of HcCAT2 depresses the adaptive capacity of Hyphantria cunea larvae to cytisine and coumarin.

The diversity of host plants is an important reason for the global spread of Hyphantria cunea. However, no studies have explored the role of the antioxidant defense system with catalase (CAT) as the core at the molecular level in the adaptation of the H. cunea to host plant secondary metabolites.

Ultrathin zwitterionic COF membranes from colloidal 2D-COF towards precise molecular sieving.

Membrane technology is an important component of resource recovery. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with inherent long-range ordered structure and permanent porosity are ideal materials for fabricating advanced membrane. Zwitterionic COFs have unique features beyond single ionic COFs containing anions or cations.

The Pb tolerance initiated by LdZIP8 in Lymantria dispar larvae: An effective defense against heavy metal stress.

Pb is a prevalent heavy metal contaminant in the habitats of herbivorous insects. This study investigated the tolerance level of Lymantria dispar larvae to Pb and its corresponding mechanism focusing on the role of ZIP genes. The detrimental impacts of Pb on larval growth and survival exhibited a dose-dependent relationship, with a survival rate of 48 % even at the extreme concentration of 3424 mg/kg.

A self-healing plastic ceramic electrolyte by an aprotic dynamic polymer network for lithium metal batteries.

Oxide ceramic electrolytes (OCEs) have great potential for solid-state lithium metal (Li) battery applications because, in theory, their high elastic modulus provides better resistance to Li dendrite growth. However, in practice, OCEs can hardly survive critical current densities higher than 1 mA/cm. Key issues that contribute to the breakdown of OCEs include Li penetration promoted by grain boundaries (GBs), uncontrolled side reactions at electrode-OCE interfaces, and, equally importantly, defects evolution (e.

A Self-Healing, Flowable, Yet Solid Electrolyte Suppresses Li-Metal Morphological Instabilities.

Lithium metal (Li) solid-state batteries encounter implementation challenges due to dendrite formation, side reactions, and movement of the electrode-electrolyte interface in cycling. Notably, voids and cracks formed during battery fabrication/operation are hot spots for failure. Here, a self-healing, flowable yet solid electrolyte composed of mobile ceramic crystals embedded in a reconfigurable polymer network is reported.

Susceptibility of Lymantria dispar to Beauveria bassiana under short-term Cd stress: Humoral immunostimulation cannot offset cellular immunotoxicity.

Heavy metal is a serious environmental pollutant with all kinds of biotoxic effects. The immunomodulatory effects of Cd stress on Lymantria dispar larvae and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. The susceptibility of Cd-treated larvae to Beauveria bassiana (Bb) was significantly increased by 27.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure: A comprehensive bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are significant global health issues with a complex interrelationship. This study investigates their shared biomarkers and causal relationships using bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches.

Methods: We analysed NAFLD and HF datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Global burden of myocarditis in youth and middle age (1990-2019): A systematic analysis of the disease burden and thirty-year forecast.

Background: Myocarditis is increasingly recognized as a critical health issue, particularly among youth and middle-aged populations. This study aims to analyze the global burden and trends of myocarditis in these age groups to emphasize the need for region-specific prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (1990-2019), we evaluated the age-standardized rates (ASR) of myocarditis in individuals aged 10 to 54 years.

Association between blood inflammatory indices and heart failure: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2009-2018.

Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). This study was aimed to the potential association between complete blood cell count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers and HF.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2018 were utilised.

A Water-in-Salt Electrolyte for Room-Temperature Fluoride-Ion Batteries Based on a Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Salt.

Realizing room-temperature, efficient, and reversible fluoride-ion redox is critical to commercializing the fluoride-ion battery, a promising post-lithium-ion battery technology. However, this is challenging due to the absence of usable electrolytes, which usually suffer from insufficient ionic conductivity and poor (electro)chemical stability. Herein we report a water-in-salt (WIS) electrolyte based on the tetramethylammonium fluoride salt, an organic salt consisting of hydrophobic cations and hydrophilic anions.

Analysis of Inclisiran in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS): a focus on overall patient population and sex-specific subgroups.

Background: Our study aimed to identify inclisiran-related adverse events(AEs) for primary hypercholesterolemia and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, analyzing its links to AEs in the overall patient population and sex-specific subgroups to improve medication safety.

Methods: We analyzed inclisiran-related AEs signals by using statistical methods like Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma-Poisson Shrinker (MGPS).

Results: Analyzing 2,400 AE reports with inclisiran as the primary suspected drug in the FAERS database, we identified 70 AE signals over 13 organ systems using the above four methods.

Making Plasticized Polymer Electrolytes Stable Against Sodium Metal for High-Energy Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes based on plastic crystals are promising for solid-state sodium metal (Na) batteries, yet their practicality has been hindered by the notorious Na-electrolyte interface instability issue, the underlying cause of which remains poorly understood. Here, by leveraging a model plasticized polymer electrolyte based on conventional succinonitrile plastic crystals, we uncover its failure origin in Na batteries is associated with the formation of a thick and non-uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and whiskery Na nucleation/growth. Furthermore, we design a new additive-embedded plasticized polymer electrolyte to manipulate the Na deposition and SEI formulation.

Anion-tethered Single Lithium-ion Conducting Polyelectrolytes through UV-induced Free Radical Polymerization for Improved Morphological Stability of Lithium Metal Anodes.

Single Li ion conducting polyelectrolytes (SICs), which feature covalently tethered counter-anions along their backbone, have the potential to mitigate dendrite formation by reducing concentration polarization and preventing salt depletion. However, due to their low ionic conductivity and complicated synthetic procedure, the successful validation of these claimed advantages in lithium metal (Li ) anode batteries remains limited. In this study, we fabricated a SIC electrolyte using a single-step UV polymerization approach.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phenylethanoids from var. .

var. is a traditional herbal medicine in China. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of active ingredients of var.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals differential cell subpopulations and distinct phenotype transition in normal and dissected ascending aorta.

Background: Acute thoracic aortic dissection (ATAD) is a fatal condition characterized by tear of intima, formation of false lumen and rupture of aorta. However, the subpopulations of normal and dissected aorta remain less studied.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed including 5 patients with ATAD and 4 healthy controls.

Tension-Induced Cavitation in Li-Metal Stripping.

Designing stable Li metal and supporting solid structures (SSS) is of fundamental importance in rechargeable Li-metal batteries. Yet, the stripping kinetics of Li metal and its mechanical effect on the supporting solids (including solid electrolyte interface) remain mysterious to date. Here, through nanoscale in situ observations of a solid-state Li-metal battery in an electron microscope, two distinct cavitation-mediated Li stripping modes controlled by the ratio of the SSS thickness (t) to the Li deposit's radius (r) are discovered.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of Melianodiol on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a unique inflammatory bowel disease with ulcerative lesions of the colonic mucosa. Melianodiol (MN), a triterpenoid, isolated from the fruits of the Chinese medicinal plant , possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties.

Objective: The present study investigated the protective effects of MN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages and DSS-mediated ulcerative colitis in mice.

Localized Hydrophobicity in Aqueous Zinc Electrolytes Improves Zinc Metal Reversibility.

The rechargeability of aqueous zinc metal batteries is plagued by parasitic reactions of the zinc metal anode and detrimental morphologies such as dendritic or dead zinc. To improve the zinc metal reversibility, hereby we report a new solution structure of aqueous electrolyte with hydroxyl-ion scavengers and hydrophobicity localized in solvent clusters. We show that although hydrophobicity sounds counterintuitive for an aqueous system, hydrophilic pockets may be encapsulated inside a hydrophobic outer layer, and a hydrophobic anode-electrolyte interface can be generated through the addition of a cation-philic, strongly anion-phobic, and OH-reactive diluent.