Prenatal diagnosis of cerebellar hypoplasia in fetal ultrasound using deep learning under the constraint of the anatomical structures of the cerebellum and cistern.

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study is to develop and validate an artificial intelligence model constrained by the anatomical structure of the brain with the aim of improving the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of fetal cerebellar hypoplasia using ultrasound imaging.

Background: Fetal central nervous system dysplasia is one of the most prevalent congenital malformations, and cerebellar hypoplasia represents a significant manifestation of this anomaly. Accurate clinical diagnosis is of great importance for the purpose of prenatal screening of fetal health.

Polymer-guided grafting of single W atoms onto titanate nanotubes increases SERS activity in semiconductors.

Metal single atoms have been demonstrated to induce surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to their effectiveness in the modification of electronic structure. However, precisely modulating the relative positions of metal single atoms on sub-nanolattices remains a formidable challenge, which makes SERS studies of metal single atoms dependent on localized environments still lacking. Herein, we rely on polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a soft template to achieve the modulation of the relative positions of W atoms on titanate nanotubes (W-TNTs) and probe the local-environment-dependent SERS induced by metal single atoms based on this technique.

Roadmap for Next-Generation Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies: Secondary Batteries and Supercapacitors.

The transition from fossil fuels to environmentally friendly renewable energy sources is crucial for achieving global initiatives such as the carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The use of secondary batteries and supercapacitors based on electrochemical energy storage principles provides high energy density, conversion efficiency, and rapid response times, offering essential solutions for stabilizing and ensuring the reliability of energy supply from renewable sources despite their intermittency. In recent years, increased demands for higher energy density, improved rate performance, longer cycle life, enhanced safety, and cost-effectiveness have driven researchers to delve deeper into electrode materials, electrolytes, and storage mechanisms in secondary batteries.

Electronic Cloud Topology-Driven Electrostatic Decoupling: To Suppress High-Voltage Parasitic Reactions of Phosphate Cathode in Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The polyanionic structure cathodes with synergistic Mn/V redox couples enables high-voltage platform and delivers considerable theoretical energy density in sodium-ion battery. However, achieving stable and reversible high-voltage redox reactions remain challenging due to the inactivation of redox couples during discharge. Herein, we found that coupled redox behavior triggered by orbitals with similar energy levels leads to high-voltage irreversibility and parasitic reactions.

Pore structure engineering in peat-derived hard carbon confined carbonization for boosted sodium storage.

The electrochemical Na storage properties of hard carbon prepared by direct annealing of peat are limited by its open pore structure. Here, we report a co-annealing strategy that repairs the structure within the confined mesopore space in peat, achieving a capacity of 242.5 mAh g at a current density of 30 mA g with an initial coulombic efficiency of 74.

Lonidamine alleviates inflammation and tissue remodeling in a mouse model of eosinophilic chronic sinusitis: A single-cell transcriptomics study.

Background: Eosinophilic chronic sinusitis (ECRS) is a refractory condition resistant to therapies and prone to relapse. Hexokinase 2 (HK2), a key glycolysis enzyme, regulates inflammation but its role in ECRS is unclear.

Methods: An ECRS mouse model was established using intranasal administration of papain.

Broadening the Na diffusion degree of freedom to unlock a rapid sodium storage potential in fluorophosphate cathode.

High safety and high energy-density sodium-ion batteries require the promising polyanionic insertion-type cathode possessing fast dis-/charging capability, yet persistent challenges remain in the kinetic optimization to accelerate their intrinsically low Na diffusivity. Exampled by the representative NaV(PO)OF (NVPOF) with considerable theoretical energy density, structural distortion results in a one-dimensional sluggish Na diffusion out of the two-dimensional Na pathway provided structurally. Previous endeavors with Na site or transition-metal site regulation successfully optimize the Na diffusion energy barrier of the available one-dimensional path.

Estrogen-Regulated Proline-Rich Acidic Protein 1 in Endometrial Epithelial Cells Affects Embryo Implantation by Regulating Mucin 1 in Mice.

This study explores the regulatory role of proline-rich acidic protein 1 () effects on embryo implantation. A high estrogen model and ovariectomized mice were employed to demonstrate that estrogen regulates expression. Uterine tissues were collected from E 1.

Fukui Function-Engineered Gel Electrolytes: Thermodynamic/Kinetic-Synergistic Regulation for Long-Cycling Zinc Metal Batteries.

While traditional gel electrolytes address critical issues such as electrolyte leakage and dendrite growth in zinc metal batteries (ZMBs), their intrinsic inability to suppress the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a fundamental limitation. Herein, a Fukui function-guided molecular engineering approach is proposed to develop a gel electrolyte (HG-3TP) with higher Gibbs free energy of HER (ΔG). The reduced electrophilic Fukui function inhibits Zn electron extraction while participating in Zn⁺ solvation to decrease free water activity.

Realizing Persistent Lithium Protection and Revival with Dissolution-Equilibrium-Driven Sustainable Additives Reservoir.

Additive chemistry plays a pivotal role in enhancing the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries. Conventional additives with high solubility facilitate the formation of a stable interface in the early stages of cycling, yet typically act as "sacrificial agents", failing to maintain a durable interface over long time. Herein, we demonstrate a sustainable lithium protection and retrieval strategy based on additive reservoirs driven by chemical dissolution equilibrium.

Multifunctional and Radii-Matched High-Entropy Engineering Toward Locally-Regulable Metal Oxide Layers in Sodium-Layered Oxide Cathode.

Layered oxides, one of the most fascinating cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), have appropriate voltage window and feasible preparation process, however, cycling stability is the biggest challenge. Element doping is the most rational strategy to address this problem, but six-coordinated octahedral radii and different radii in different valence states of these doping elements and the functions of these elements need to be taken into account. Hence, an example of P2/O3-type NaMnNiFeMgVCoCuZnSnO (high-entropy-doped layered oxides, HEO) has been designed in consideration of moderate six-coordinated octahedral radii and stabling the metal-oxygen bond.

Ionic Polarization-Driven Defect Engineering in NaFe(PO)(PO) Cathode: Fast Charging and Ultra-Long Cycle Life of Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The NaFe(PO)(PO) (NFPP) cathode material faces the challenge of coordinating the improvement of high-rate performance and long-cycle stability for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This study proposes an ionic polarization-driven defect engineering strategy, which regulates the electronic structure and Na transmission dynamics of NFPP through Bi doping. Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that Bi with (18 + 2) electron configuration significantly enhances the crystal structure stability of NFPP by strengthening the covalency of Bi─O bonds.

Sulfite-Based Electrolyte Chemistry with Ion-Dipole Interactions and Robust Interphase Achieves Wide-Temperature Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Currently, ether- and carbonate-based electrolytes have been extensively studied for applications in harsh conditions; however, it is difficult to develop a suitable electrolyte system that is compatible with both high and low temperatures. Herein, for the first time, a cyclic sulfite-based electrolyte is formulated to successfully achieve the wide-temperature operation of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) from -60 to 60 °C. By precisely modulating ion-dipole interactions, the dominant ion coordination states are screened directionally to accelerate the desolvation process and simultaneously maintain sufficient electrostatic constraints, laying the foundation for high- and low-temperature compatibility.

Promoting Mn Spin-State Transitions from t to e through Ni Doping in Antiperovskite CuNMn for Highly Efficient Ammonia Synthesis.

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) offers a sustainable approach to ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions, with the potential to replace the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Despite significant progress in this promising field, the low NH yield rate and limited Faradaic efficiency (FE) remain formidable challenges. Here, we introduce antiperovskite CuNiNMn, where partial substitution of Cu by Ni in CuNMn is developed as an effective and robust e-NRR electrocatalyst.

Accelerated inference for thyroid nodule recognition in ultrasound imaging using FPGA.

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumour in the endocrine system, with its incidence steadily rising in recent years. Current central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) face significant challenges in terms of processing speed, energy consumption, cost, and scalability in the identification of thyroid nodules, making them inadequate for the demands of future green, efficient, and accessible healthcare. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an efficient quantized inference method using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

TransAnno-Net: A Deep Learning Framework for Accurate Cell Type Annotation of Mouse Lung Tissue Using Self-supervised Pretraining.

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a significant tool for addressing complex issuess in the field of biology. In the context of scRNA-seq analysis, it is imperative to accurately determine the type of each cell. However, conventional supervised or semi-supervised methodologies are contingent on expert labels and incur substantial labeling costs, In contrast self-supervised pre-training strategies leverage unlabeled data during the pre-training phase and utilise a limited amount of labeled data in the fine-tuning phase, thereby greatly reducing labor costs.

Entropy-Production Type Prussian Blue Analogues: A Family of Promising Hosts for High-Performance Multivalent-Ion Batteries.

The advancement of high-performance, safe, and cost-effective multivalent-ion batteries is pivotal for sustainable energy storage. Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), with their open framework and tunable redox-active sites, hold significant promise but face challenges in structural instability and sluggish ion diffusion. This review focuses on entropy production PBAs (EP-PBAs) for non-monovalent ion (Zn, Al, Mg, and Ca) battery systems.

Coulombic-hinderance regulation on pyrovanadates for practicable calcium-ion batteries: a solid-solution strategy.

Pyrovanadates are considered a promising host material for the reversible intercalation of highly charged Ca ions due to their favorable layered structure and the presence of rich interstitial confined species. However, in calcium-ion battery (CIB) systems, the diffusion kinetics of the Ca²⁺ ions are slower, and the electrostatic interactions are stronger (compared to Li), which limits the effectiveness of pyrovanadate's structural advantages. In this study, we employ an allelic reconfiguration strategy to develop novel solid-solution phase pyrovanadate materials, specifically ZnCu (OH)VO·2HO (x = 0, 1, 1.

Enhancing Interfacial Polarization through Electron Accumulation in Carbon Nanotube-Encapsulated α-FeO for Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption.

Interface polarization (one of the slow polarizations) is considered the primary mechanism driving microwave absorption (MA), but limitations in material composition and microstructure design often lead to weak interfacial polarization relaxation. In this work, we developed an interesting heterostructure consisting of carbon nanotube-encapsulated α-FeO nanocolumns (CNTs@α-FeO). The curvature effects of CNTs induce a built-in electric field between CNTs and α-FeO nanocolumns, facilitating effective interface polarization.

Durable Potassium Storage Achieved by Boron Coordination in a P2-Type Layered Oxide Skeleton.

Layered transition-metal (TM) oxides are of high application value as a cathode for potassium (K)-ion batteries toward high energy density. However, the inadequate covalency of the TM-O bond inevitably induces TM migration and subsequent irreversible structural transformation upon operating, which results in poor rate and long cycle reliability. To address this issue, we employed boron coordination chemistry to manipulate the local electronic structure in a prototype P2-layered KMnNiBO (KMNBO).

Heterogeneous-Interface-Induced Charge Redistribution Toward Fe-Based Polyanion Cathode for Advanced Sodium-Ion Batteries.

NaFe(PO)PO (NFPP) is gradually developing into one of the most commercially prospective cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, the inactive phase maricite-NaFePO (m-NFP) normally tends to be formed during the synthesis process of NFPP, as well as the intrinsic poor electronic conductivity, which impacts the realization of high Na-storage performance. Herein, for the first time, we have constructed a heterostructure in Fe-based polyanionic cathode materials by fine-tuning the stoichiometric ratio of the Na site; the inactive phase m-NFP is fully transformed to the active NaFePO or NFPP.

Nature-Inspired Separator with Thermal Sealing Reinforcement toward Sustainable Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sustainability serves as a predominant obstacle for advanced energy storage. Herein, we proposed biomass-based separator materials, with favorable flame retardancy, cost-effectiveness, potential sustainability, and excellent electrochemical performance. Specifically, the engineered hydroxyapatite (HAP) molecule incorporates solvent-friendly groups to establish enhanced ion transport channels.

Unlocking the Sodium Storage Potential in Fluorophosphate Cathodes: Electrostatic Interaction Lowering Versus Structural Disordering.

Electrostatic interaction and Na-ordering are identified as two possible kinetic constraints in determining the Na diffusivity in NaV(PO)OF (NVPOF), a representative polyanionic-based cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. As both factors are compositionally related and intertwined, isolating individual factors to pinpoint the dominant one is essential yet challenging for achieving the full electrochemical potential of NVPOF. Herein, NVPOF doped with Zn or Mg is developed to study the relative influence of the electrostatic interaction and structural disordering on the Na diffusivity and thus Na storage performance.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Adonis ladybird Hippodamia variegata.

The Adonis ladybird (Hippodamia variegata), an important predator in agricultural ecosystems, plays a crucial role in biological control and is a significant model for evolutionary and genomic studies within Coccinellidae. Despite its ecological importance, the lack of a reference genome for H. variegata has limited in-depth investigations into its biology and potential as a biocontrol agent.

Chromatin accessibility landscape of mouse early embryos revealed by single-cell NanoATAC-seq2.

In mammals, fertilized eggs undergo genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming to generate the organism. However, our understanding of epigenetic dynamics during preimplantation development at single-cell resolution remains incomplete. Here, we developed scNanoATAC-seq2, a single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using long-read sequencing for scarce samples.