Genetic and Cellular Architecture of Breast Cancer Risk in Multi-Ancestry Studies of 159,297 Cases and 212,102 Controls.

Breast cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 200 independent genome-wide significant susceptibility markers. However, most studies have focused on one or two ancestral groups. We examined breast cancer genetic architecture using GWAS summary statistics from African (AFR), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR) and Hispanic/Latina (H/L) samples, totaling 159,297 cases and 212,102 controls, comprising the largest multi-ancestry study of breast cancer to date.

Associations Between Lymphopenia and the Development/Recovery of Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients Hospitalized With Respiratory Virus Infections.

Rationale & Objective: Lymphopenia may have a potential mechanism on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) after respiratory virus infection but has never been revealed. We aimed to investigate the relationship between lymphopenia and AKI in patients hospitalized with respiratory virus infections.

Study & Design: A single-center and retrospective cohort study.

Complement Receptor 3 Regulates Microglial Exosome Release and Related Neurotoxicity via NADPH Oxidase in Neuroinflammation Associated with Parkinson's Disease.

Microglia-mediated chronic neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Strong evidence suggests that activated microglia can lesion neurons by releasing exosomes. However, the mechanisms of exosome release from activated microglia remain unclear.

Durable cesium metal halide perovskite nanorods formed using a multifunctional polycationic diblock copolymer.

A well-defined multidentate polycationic diblock copolymer with multiple quaternary ammonium and sulfonium groups is judiciously synthesized living radical polymerization. This polymer can serve as a strong passivating ligand to replace the short ligand on a perovskite nanorod, thereby significantly enhancing its colloidal stability, moisture stability, photostability and thermal stability.

Septal LYVE1 macrophages control adipocyte stem cell adipogenic potential.

Tissue macrophages reside in anatomically distinct subtissular niches that shape their identity and function. In white adipose tissue (WAT), we identified three macrophage populations with distinct localization, turnover, and phenotypes. Septal adipose tissue macrophages (sATMs), marked by CD209b and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1, were long-lived and positioned in close proximity to adipocyte stem cells (ASCs) within the WAT septum.

Optimised modular anti-FLAG CAR T cells for solid tumor therapy.

Objectives: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have transformed the treatment of B cell malignancies and show promise in other diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cardiac injury. However, broader application, particularly in solid tumours, is limited by challenges such as antigen escape and tumour heterogeneity. This study aimed to develop an anti-FLAG CAR capable of engaging FLAG-tagged secondary reagents, providing a flexible and adaptable targeting strategy.

An integrated biosensor and mobile workstation for on-site species and sex identification from bloodstains.

Bloodstains are the most common biological specimens at a crime scene. Rapid and sensitive species and sex identification from bloodstains can expedite crime investigation. Nevertheless, time-consuming protocols and specialized equipment are often required in forensic practice.

aEEG as an early predictor of brain injury and prognosis in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the independent risk factors associated with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) using amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), specifically exploring the relationship between aEEG scores, clinical manifestations, neurodevelopmental assessments, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels with adverse outcomes in HIE.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 224 neonates diagnosed with HIE who were admitted between January 2022 and May 2024. Infants were grouped by HIE severity: mild, moderate, and severe.

Innovative modeling: a diet-induced quail model for progressive pathological changes in uric acid metabolism disorders.

Background: Diseases associated with uric acid metabolism disorders, primarily hyperuricemia, uric acid nephropathy, and gouty arthritis, are increasingly prevalent worldwide. Recent research suggests that hyperuricemia, uric acid nephropathy, and gouty arthritis can be regarded as distinct phases of the same disease, characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels and the progressive pathological manifestations observed in clinical settings. Animal models play a crucial role in investigating disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Historical Process, Status and Future Development of Pharmacovigilance Systems in Chinese Medicine.

The definition of pharmacovigilance was first proposed in the 1970s to safeguard public health and the safety of drug use, and to improve the quality of life of patients. China's traditional medicine has also always contained the idea of vigilance for the safe use of medicines in the process of development. In this article, we will discuss the origin and development of the idea of pharmacovigilance in China, the establishment of a realistic system, and the current status of pharmacovigilance construction, and look forward to the development of pharmacovigilance in the future.

NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Perspective on Revealing Hotspots and Trends in Uric Acid Metabolism Disorders through Bibliometric Analysis.

Uric acid metabolism disorders have become major health concerns, primarily causing conditions such as hyperuricemia, uric acid nephropathy, and gout. Recent research has focused on these disorders' underlying pathological mechanisms and pharmacological treatments, emphasizing the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study aims to analyze and summarize the current research status, hotspots, and trends in this field from a new perspective of the NLRP3 inflammasome, providing insights for future research and disease treatment.

Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits Enterovirus 71 infection by modulating environmental information processing: systems biology and molecular simulation insights.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, yet specific antiviral therapies remain unavailable. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against EV71 and assess its therapeutic translational potential through integrated systems biology analyses, computational modeling, and experimental validation. EGCG was prioritized over other polyphenols due to the unique structural contribution of its galloyl groups, which conferred a 2.

Engineering encapsulated living bacteria for advanced healthcare management.

Bacterial therapies are emerging as promising alternatives to conventional treatments, particularly in the areas of intestinal therapy, oncology, and wound management. However, gastric acid, bile salts, immune cells, and reactive oxygen species in the human body hinder the colonization and growth of foreign probiotics, thereby compromising the efficacy of bacteriotherapy. Recent advancements in engineering encapsulated live bacteria strategies utilizing biopolymers to construct protective shells on the bacterial surface to significantly address the aforesaid challenges have gained unprecedented attention.

Traditional Chinese medicine in diabetic kidney disease: multifaceted therapeutic mechanisms and research progress.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is characterized by a complex pathogenesis that involves genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, and multifactorial elements. Current therapeutic approaches for DKD have significant limitations.

Comprehensive analysis of tuberculosis burden trends and attributable risk factors in the BRICS countries from 1990 to 2021, with forecasts for the next 15 years.

Background: The study was to elucidate a comprehensive view of the burden of TB from different dimensions.

Methods: Data were sourced from the GBD 2021. We provided a comprehensive overview of all relevant measures and the associated age-standardized rates per 100,000 (ASR) across BRICS countries.

Fixed-time artificial insemination technology in buffaloes: a review.

Buffalo occupies a leading position as a major livestock commodity and is the primary milk-producing animal in many countries like Italy, China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Buffalo farming emphasizes the significance of effective reproductive strategies. Among effective reproductive strategy, artificial insemination has a significant influence on herd's genetic progress.

Epigenetic reprogramming induced by key metabolite depletion is an evolutionarily ancient path to tumorigenesis.

Tumor growth is a challenge for multicellular life forms. Contrary to human tumors, which take years to form, tumors in short-living species can arise within days without accumulating multiple mutations, raising the question whether the paths to tumorigenesis in diverse species have any commonalities. In a fly tumor model caused by loss of cell polarity genes, we identified two key metabolic changes: first, systemic depletion of acetyl-CoA leading to a reduction in histone acetylation levels and stochastic silencing of actively transcribed genes; and second, defects in the methionine cycle causing systemic depletion of S-adenosyl methionine, which further reduces histone methylation levels and causes stochastic activation of transposons.

Association between methylation quantitative trait loci and colorectal cancer risk, survival and cancer recurrence.

Background: Epigenetic changes contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. We investigated whether methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) are associated with CRC risk, survival and recurrence.

Methods: Using a well-characterised Scottish case-control study (6821 CRC cases, 14,692 controls), we derived 118,982 mQTLs based on the Genetics of DNA Methylation Consortium (GoDMC).

Micropollutant removal efficiency and microbial community of different hybrid constructed wetland systems.

Micropollutants (MPs), including antibiotics, neonicotinoids, and phthalic acid esters (PAEs), are increasingly detected in domestic wastewater, posing substantial environmental and public health risks. This study evaluates the removal performance and underlying microbial mechanisms in six pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs), each employing different combinations of vertical flow (VF), horizontal flow (HF), and surface flow (SF) systems. A total of 25 MPs were monitored, with influent concentrations ranging from 0.

Combined treatment with IGF1, CoQ10, and melatonin improves the quality of bovine oocytes and heat-shocked blastocysts†.

Heat stress significantly impairs cattle fertility, particularly affecting oocytes and developing blastocysts. Developing strategies to improve embryonic development under heat stress is crucial for advancing the cattle breeding industry. This study evaluated the effects of a combined treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and melatonin (MT) (i.

New micro- and macro- perspective on the removal process of 1H-benzotriazole by UV/PDS: Degradation mechanism, kinetics and multi-factor impact on removal efficiency.

1H-benzotriazole (BTH), a high-volume industrial chemical, poses serious environmental concerns due to its toxicity and resistance to biodegradation, underscoring the urgent need for effective wastewater treatment solutions. This work evaluated the BTH removal efficiency under different conditions, including initial concentrations of Cl, Br, and HCO (i.e.

Triptolide Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats by Suppressing IGF1-Mediated Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition.

Objective: To investigate the common mechanisms among collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and CIA+BLM to evaluate the therapeutic effect of triptolide (TP) on CIA+BLM.

Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups according to a random number table (n=6 per group): normal control (NC), CIA, BLM, combined CIA+BLM model, TP low-dose (TP-L, 0.0931 mg/kg), and TP high-dose (TP-H, 0.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictive biomarkers for treatment response in primary advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in peripheral blood for assessing the treatment response to chemoimmunotherapy in primary advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane-platinum (TP) chemotherapy plus an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor at Wuhan Union Hospital from Jan 2020 to Dec 2022. We collected data on absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts from routine blood tested at baseline and within a week after the first treatment. A total of 35 patients were included in this study.