[Three dimensional finite element analysis of different restoration types and materials for maxillary first premolar with large defect].

Purpose: To provide references for the selection of restoration types and materials for the first premolar with large defect in clinical practice.

Methods: A large area defect model of the maxillary first premolar was established and repaired with different types and materials, including group A (inlay group), group B (endocrown group), group C (fiber post core crown group), and group D (pure titanium post core crown group). And then, according to different repair materials, it was divided into 3 subgroups, namely group 1 (zirconia), group 2 (glass ceramic), and group 3 (resin based ceramic), totaling 12 groups.

Integrated spatial transcriptome and metabolism study reveals metabolic heterogeneity in human bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a malignancy that originates from the cells lining the bladder and is one of the most common cancers of the urinary system, capable of occurring in any part of the bladder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of BC have not been systematically studied. This study integrated cutting-edge techniques of spatial transcriptomics (ST) and spatial metabolomics (SM) to capture the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes of both BC and adjacent normal tissues.

The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and removal of phosphate over the bifunctional iron foam supported ZnInS and the synergistic mechanism.

The delicate design of bifunctional catalysts for the decontamination of combined pollution has become a hotspot but the functional mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we constructed Fe foam supported ZnInS (FZIS) composites for synchronously removing phosphorus (P) and organic contaminants. The composites act both as iron source for the phosphate removal and photocatalysts for the oxidation of refractory organic contaminants (amoxicillin, quinolone antibiotics, dyes).

Broad neuraminidase antibodies confer protection against seasonal and avian influenza viruses.

Neuraminidase (NA) is a critical target for universal influenza vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, yet its antigenic landscape remains incompletely understood. Here we identify two broadly cross-protective monoclonal antibodies, CAV-F6 and CAV-F34, from influenza-infected individuals. These antibodies inhibit NA enzymatic activity across multiple subtypes and confer protection against seasonal influenza in female mouse models.

Functional nanomaterials for enhanced tumor photothermal therapy - the mechanisms and applications.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) offers revolutionary breakthroughs in tumor treatment due to its minimally invasive nature, high selectivity and efficiency. Photothermal therapy is a method of using laser irradiation (near-infrared light) to convert light energy into heat, reaching a relatively high temperature to kill tumor cells. Efficient and stable photothermal conversion materials are the key factors in PTT.

Deep learning inference of miRNA expression from bulk and single-cell mRNA expression.

Studying miRNA activity at the single-cell level presents a significant challenge due to the limitations of existing single-cell technologies in capturing miRNAs. To address this, we introduce two deep learning models: Cross-modality (CM) and single-modality (SM), both based on encoder-decoder architectures. These models predict miRNA expression at both bulk and single-cell levels using mRNA data.

Integrated insights into a novel dual-functioning heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strain Glutamicibacter halophytocola MD1: Performance and metabolic mechanisms of synchronous nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

Glutamicibacter halophytocola MD1, a novel heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification and phosphate removal bacterium was isolated. MD1 exhibited high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency across different nitrogen sources. Under optimal conditions, it achieved 100.

Transcriptional Study of Radiofrequency Device Using Experimental Mouse Model.

Radiofrequencies have shown efficacy in addressing skin aging. Despite their effectiveness, few studies have explored how radiofrequencies affect the skin transcriptome. This study utilized mouse models divided into two age groups (four-month-old and one-year-old mice) to assess the impact of a radiofrequency device on skin collagen and elastin.

Robot-assisted extraction of impacted mandibular tooth: a clinical report.

Background: This clinical report presents the use of a minimally invasive, robot-assisted windowing surgery for the extraction of a median impacted mandibular tooth. The report highlights the precision and safety afforded by robotic assistance in performing complex dental procedures. However, this case report also critically examines the challenges associated with robotic systems, including high costs, prolonged setup times, and the need for specialized training.

Distinct methylomic signatures of high-altitude acclimatization and adaptation in the Tibetan Plateau.

High altitude presents a challenging environment for human settlement. DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mechanism that responds to environmental stimuli, but its roles in high-altitude short-term acclimatization (STA) and long-term adaptation (LTA) are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a methylome-wide association study involving 687 native highlanders and 299 acclimatized newcomers in the Tibetan Plateau and 462 native lowlanders to identify differentially methylated sites (DMSs) associated with STA or LTA.

Analysis of the disease burden of malignancies in the female reproductive system in China from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort study and joinpoint analysis.

Objective: To analyse the trend of the disease burden of common malignancies of the female reproductive system and the influence of age, period and birth cohort in China from 1990 to 2019.

Design: We used the joinpoint model based on the global burden of disease (GBD 2019) database to explore the trend of the burden of common malignancies of the female reproductive system in China from 1990 to 2019, and further analyzed the impact of age, period, and birth cohort using the age-period-cohort model.

Setting: GBD data from 1990 to 2019.

Banxia Xiexin Decoction inhibits colitis-associated colorectal cancer development by modulating STAT3 signaling and gut microbiota.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD), a herbal medicine formula, on inflammation and the imbalance of the gut microbiota in a rat model of colorectal cancer (CRC) induced by azoxymethane (AOM) /dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

Methods: A total of 75 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC), model group (MODEL), low-dose BXD treatment group (L-BXD), high-dose BXD treatment (H-BXD) group and MS treatment group (MS). BXD and MS were used in CRC mice at the doses of 3.

Electrochemical Strategy for the Radical Fluoroacetylation of Sulfoximines from Fluorinated Alkyl Carboxylic Acids.

The integration of trifluoroacetyl (CFCO) groups into organic skeletons is a key research topic in synthetic chemistry given their significant potential to boost biological activity. Despite recent developments of strategies for incorporating trifluoroacetyl moiety via trifluoroacetyl radical intermediates, the practical utilization of inexpensive and readily available trifluoroacetic acids as trifluoroacetyl radical sources has not yet been developed. Herein, an electrochemical strategy has been employed to achieve the radical deoxygenative transformation of trifluoroacetic acids directly with the assistance of PPh.

Global Prevalence and Distribution of H9 Subtype of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds: Literature Review with Meta-Analysis.

As a natural accelerator of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds, the H9 subtype of avian influenza poses a substantial threat to both humans and the poultry industry. A comprehensive meta-analysis is necessary to assess the current status of the global H9 outbreak. In this research, a literature review and meta-analysis are presented on the surveillance studies of the H9 subtype of avian influenza in wild birds worldwide up to 2024.

Polydopamine Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Drug Slow-Release in Bone Defect Repair: A Review of Research Advances.

In recent years, hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for bone defect repair due to their excellent biocompatibility, high porosity, and water-retentive properties. However, conventional hydrogels face significant challenges in clinical translation, including brittleness, low mechanical strength, and poorly controlled drug degradation rates. To address these limitations, as a multifunctional polymer, polydopamine (PDA) has shown great potential in both bone regeneration and drug delivery systems.

The impact of jawbone regions (molar area, premolar area, anterior area) and bone density on the accuracy of robot-assisted dental implantation: a preliminary study.

Robotic-assisted dental implantation represents a transformative innovation in modern dentistry, offering enhanced surgical precision and reduced variability. Despite its clinical adoption, the impact of anatomical and bone-related factors on placement accuracy remains underexplored. This retrospective study evaluated 54 implants placed in 30 patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and virtual planning software to analyze deviations in crown position, apex position, and angulation.

The Peripheral Defocus Designed Spectacle Lenses Might Increase Astigmatism in Myopic Children.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of wearing peripheral defocus spectacle lenses (PDSL) on cylindrical refractive error (CYL) in myopic children.

Methods: This study included 1057 myopic children and divided the participants into three groups: the HAL group (spectacle lens with highly aspherical lenslets), the MPV group (spectacle lens based on manipulating peripheral vision), and a control group (without myopia control interventions). The study analyzed the effect of wearing PDSL on changes in spherical equivalent refraction, CYL, and corneal astigmatism (CA).

Temporal variability in the diversity, function and resistome landscapes in the gut microbiome of broilers.

Understanding the dynamic and stability of gut microbiota over the course of production cycle of broiler chicken can help identify microbial features that associate with better health and productivity. In the present study, we profile the changes in the composition and stability of gut microbiota of commercially raised broilers at nine distinct time points using shotgun metagenomics and culturomics approaches. We demonstrate, within the first week post-hatching, a rapid decline in relative abundance of 122 pioneer microbial species including Bacteroides fragilis, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus gnavus, accompanied by a substantial decrease in both microbial richness and diversity.

The Power of Presence: The Impact of Paternity Leave on Child Health in China.

Based on multi-source data, this study uses a cross-regional and birth-cohort variation to construct a cross-sectional difference-in-differences model analyzing the impact of paternity leave (PL) policies on children's health outcomes, and explores underlying mechanism. The study finds that PL polices significantly improve children's health, with parallel trends tests and placebo tests demonstrating strong robustness of these findings. Further research reveals that PL can improve children's health through three pathways: encouraging fathers' involvement in childcare, increasing medical expenditure, and forming reasonable family labor division.

Predicting risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus reactivation using Bayesian network analysis: a population-based study of high-risk areas for nasopharyngeal cancer.

Background And Objective: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare disease in most parts of the world, but it is highly prevalent in South China. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the major risk factors for NPC. Hence, understanding the factors associated with the reactivation of EBV from the latent stage is crucial for preventing NPC.

Inverse design and fabrication of high-efficiency perfectly vertical LNOI grating couplers.

A perfectly vertical grating coupler (GC) on X-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform is designed and demonstrated. The optimized random grating structure of GC is designed by an inverse design method and exhibits a simulated coupling efficiency of approximately -2.52 dB and measured coupling efficiency of approximately -3.

Broadband reflective terahertz metalens employing Bessel beams for enhanced efficiency and depth of focus.

This paper presents a reflective terahertz (THz) Bessel metalens with broadband operation in the frequency range of 0.80-1 THz. The design employs a near-wavelength, polarization-insensitive resonator to achieve a wideband response.

Transcriptomics and Plant Hormone Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Branching Angle Formation in Tea Plants ().

The branching angle of tea plants is a key factor in determining their branching structure, which significantly affects yield, suitability for mechanical harvesting, and overall plant architecture. However, the mechanisms underlying branching angle formation in tea plants remain unclear. In this study, we explored the mechanism of branching angle formation in tea plants by analysing the transcriptome and plant hormone levels of tea plant cultivars with different branching angles.

Correlation of lipid hydrolysis, oxidation, and molecular transformation with volatile compound revolution in pork during postmortem wet-aging process.

Lipid hydrolysis and oxidation properties, lipid metabolites, and volatile flavors were investigated to elucidate the wet-aging process (1 h to 10 d) on lipid molecule transformation and volatile flavor evolution in pork. Phospholipase A (PLA) activity increased at 12 h, with lipoxygenase (LOX) increasing from 1 h to 7 d (P < 0.05).

Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates the cancer stem cell like-properties and doxorubicin resistance by targeting HMGCR in breast cancer.

Background: Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a key bioactive constituent derived from Ligusticum wallichii Franchat, has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating multidrug resistance (MDR) in human breast cancer (BC) cells. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its action remain poorly understood.

Purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are widely recognized as the primary contributors to MDR.