Multi-scale design of the structure and mechanical performance of the deep-sea hydrothermal mussel (Bathymodiolus aduloides) shell.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are renowned for being among the most extreme environments on Earth. However, the mussel shells found in these vent sites demonstrate remarkable productivity, despite being subjected to high pressure as well as unusual levels of heavy metals, pH, temperature, CO, and sulphides. To comprehend how these mussels endure such extreme conditions, a systematic comparative study was conducted, focusing on the unique chemical composition, structural designs, and mechanical properties of hydrothermal vent mussels (Bathymodiolus aduloides) in comparison to shallow-water mussels (Mytilus edulis).

Molten-Salt-Assisted Synthesis of Bismuth Catalysts with Rich Grain Boundaries for Efficient CO Conversion to High-Purity Formic Acid.

Electrochemical CO reduction to formic acid, powered by renewable electricity, enables a sustainable carbon cycle by providing a versatile chemical feedstock and energy carrier. Bismuth-based catalysts are known for their high formate selectivity but face challenges in balancing selectivity and stability at industrial current densities. In this study, we present a two-step approach that combines molten-salt synthesis with in situ reduction to fabricate polycrystalline bismuth catalysts with rich exposed grain boundaries (GB-Bi).

GDF15 Ameliorates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Anemia by Resolving Ribosomal Stress-Mediated Erythropoietic Arrest.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prevalent trichothecene mycotoxin that contaminates global food supplies, posing significant health risks; however, targeted therapies against DON are scarce. Although DON-induced anemia is well-documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effects of DON on erythropoiesis are examined in detail using complementary murine models and human primary erythroid cultures.

The Metabolome in Different Sites of Gut Tract Regulates the Meat Quality of Longissimus Dorsi Muscle.

Meat quality is influenced by genetic, nutritional, and microbial factors, with increasing attention on the role of gut-derived metabolites. In this study, we conducted untargeted metabolomics of 10 gut tract sites and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of longissimus dorsi muscles in Meigu goats and Liangshan black sheep raised under standardized conditions. Results showed that goat muscle contained significantly higher levels of essential amino acids (e.

Phenotypic stratification and prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance in non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Background: Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC), characterised by non-ischaemic scar/fatty replacement or isolated systolic dysfunction without dilatation, lacks validated risk stratification tools. We aimed to define cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-based phenotypes and evaluate their association with clinical outcomes.

Methods: In 515 patients with NDLVC (mean age 45 (16) years), three phenotypes were classified by CMR: late gadolinium enhancement (LGE+)/H- (LGE with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), n=130), LGE-/H+ (hypokinesia without LGE, n=226) and LGE+/H+ (LGE with reduced LVEF, n=159).

Recent advances in nanomaterial-based biosensors for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: a review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, progressively impairs patients' cognitive functions and their ability to perform daily living activities. Its core pathologies include β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic disruption, and neuroinflammation. Biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid Aβ, T-tau, P-tau, synaptic proteins, neuroinflammatory factors, and dysregulated microRNAs provide critical targets for early diagnosis.

Non-solvent cinnamic acid-based gel patch for transdermal drug delivery.

Introduction: Drugs entitled polymeric network special functions in bio-applications. However, the introduction of appropriate solvent for drugs generally incurred tedious inclusion methods, intensive chemical design and aging caused by solvent loss. Herein, a novel non-solvent gel system was proposed for water-insoluble drug loading and subsequent controlled transdermal drug release.

Knockdown of S100A9 inhibits pyroptosis and promotes PPAR signaling pathway in atopic dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Although its clinical and pathological characteristics are well documented, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated.

Methods: Hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD were identified using the GSE222771 and GSE182740 datasets.

State-of-the-art review:Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in primary cardiac tumors.

Cardiac tumors are very rare and their diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for noninvasive diagnosis because of its larger field of view, excellent tissue contrast, multiplanar imaging, and the unique ability to differentiate between different tissue features. CMR can effectively identify cardiac non-neoplastic and neoplastic mass, as well as benign and malignant tumors.

Development and application of dual-functional Fe-D-Arg complex fortified cellulose crystals based smart active packaging films.

Currently, there is an increasing demand in the development of colorimetric ammonia-responsive smart packaging materials for real-time monitoring of food freshness. Herein, a novel dual-functional Fe-D-Arg (where D-Arg refers to D-arginine) complex nanocrystal with inherent antimicrobial activity and colorimetric ammonia-responsive characteristic was constructed and then incorporated into a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) matrix to produce high-performance active smart films. The effects of Fe-D-Arg complex on the structural, physical, and functional properties of the CNC films were investigated.

Research progress on structural modification and action targets of plant-derived insecticidal active alkaloids.

The severe '3R' problems (Residue, Resistance, Resurgence) associated with synthetic insecticides necessitate eco-friendly alternatives. Plant-derived alkaloids, offering ecological compatibility, diverse modes-of-action and structural versatility, present promising candidates. This review synthesizes recent advances in the structural modification and insecticidal mechanisms of key plant-derived alkaloids.

Effect of electrical stimulation on functional recovery of lower limbs in patients after anterior cruciate ligament surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to summarise the existing literature about enhancing muscle strength, lower limb function and self-reported function by electrical stimulation (ES) relative to conventional physical therapy following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to assess the comprehensive treatment effects of ES via meta-analysis.

Design: Systematic review, meta-analysis.

Methods: This study systematically searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), covering records from their inception until February 2024, adhering to a predefined search strategy.

SIRT5 is associated with asthenozoospermia and regulates GC‑2 spd cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Infertility is a multifactorial condition that affects ~7% of the male population. The mechanism of male infertility primarily involves intrinsic and environmental factors, of which genetic defects are key for its occurrence. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is primarily localized in mitochondria and associated with male reproduction.

Application of plants as materials during the teaching of genetics experiment.

The genus includes three diploid species and three amphidiploid species which were formed by the hybridization and genome duplication between pairs of the three diploid species. The evolution process of species has been used as a classic case to explain the mechanism of speciation and chromosome number variation in undergraduate genetics teaching. In this study, the authors designed a comprehensive experiment using plants as the experimental teaching material of genetics.

Dual-stage artificial intelligence-powered screening for accurate classification of thyroid nodules: enhancing fine needle aspiration biopsy precision.

Background: Accurately differentiating thyroid conditions, particularly malignant and benign nodules, is crucial for effective treatment planning. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), the standard diagnostic method for suspected malignancies detected by ultrasound, is invasive and can be unnecessary. This study introduces a novel dual-stage deep learning architecture for four-class classification of thyroid nodules, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce unnecessary procedures.

T3 and T4 autoantibodies: emerging biomarkers for evaluating thyroid disorders.

Introduction And Objectives: The clinical significance of thyroid hormone autoantibodies, specifically triiodothyronine autoantibodies (T3-Ab) and thyroxine autoantibodies (T4-Ab), is not well understood due to current detection method limitations. This study investigated the clinical utility of T3-Ab and T4-Ab as biomarkers for thyroid function by developing a Magnetic Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (MCLIA) kit.

Methods: A chemiluminescent immunoassay kit was developed using magnetic nanomicroparticles conjugated with T3 or T4 antigens.

Peeling tape produces strong electric fields via stick-slip friction that drive chemical reactions.

Adhesive interfaces store significant energy due to interlocking molecular chain entanglement and van der Waals forces. When two adhesive surfaces are separated, triboelectric effects induce charge transfer, generating a strong electric field at the peeling interface. This effect offers different opportunities for initiating chemical reactions.

First case of preimplantation genetic testing of X-linked dominantly inherited hypophosphatemia family lines using next-generation sequencing technology.

Background: A 30-year-old female was prenatally diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) due to a nonsense variant in the phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) gene.

Methods: Using the coding region of the PHEX gene as the target region, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed, and615 informative single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were selected as genetic linkage markers within 1 Mb on both sides of the pathogenic variant. After whole-genome amplification of trophoblast cells via biopsy, Sanger sequencing, NGS-based SNP linkage analysis, and low sequencing depth copy number variation (CNV) analysis were used to directly detect the pathogenic PHEX gene variant, identify the high-risk chromosome and screen for aneuploidy, respectively.

An Attempted Correlation Between the Fecal Microbial Community of Chinese Forest Musk Deer () and Differences in Musk Production and Quality.

Musk, a dried secretion from the sac gland near the urethral foramen of adult male forest musk deer (), has significant economic value and is extensively utilized as a valuable component in traditional Chinese medicine. In the practice of forest musk deer breeding, musk with different colors and varying moisture contents is observed during the season when the musk reaches maturity. For many years, researchers have focused mainly on musk composition and symbiotic bacteria.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism or selected other metabolites and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: There are conflicting results on the potential correlation between folic acid and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the correlation between genetic factors related to folic acid metabolism pathways and GDM remains to be revealed.

Aim: To examine the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of enzyme genes in the folate metabolite pathway as well as that between GDM-related genes and risk for GDM.

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted with GDM cases ( = 412) and healthy controls ( = 412).

Sterilized protective immunity induced by DAM and DAM in mouse models for both VACV and MPXV.

The increasing prevalence of mpox calls for the development of safer and more accessible next-generation vaccines. Based on a structure-guided "two-in-one" immunogen design strategy, we have previously developed an innovative protein-based monkeypox virus (MPXV) vaccine, DAM (Double A35 and M1), which addresses the issues of imbalanced bioavailability associated with cocktail vaccines and elicits superior antiviral immunity with a safety profile. In this study, we iteratively designed two "four-in-one" chimeric immunogens, DAMs, using four MPXV antigens, M1, A29, A35, and B6.

A study of saponin-encapsulated ultrasound microbubbles RbNPs@MBs for atherosclerosis targeted treatment.

Atherosclerosis remains a leading disease posing significant threats to human health and life. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation of early atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside Rb has been shown to exert potential therapeutic effects against atherosclerosis due to its antioxidant properties.

Surface Amorphization of Bismuth for Efficient Acidic CO Electrolysis.

The electrochemical conversion of CO into valuable chemicals under acidic conditions provides a promising solution to challenges, such as carbon loss and catalyst instability caused by carbonate precipitation. However, acidic CO electroreduction remains severely constrained by intense competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and sluggish CO activation kinetics. Here, we report a bismuth (Bi) nanoparticle catalyst with an amorphous surface layer (-Bi), which demonstrates high catalytic activity and selectivity toward formic acid (HCOOH) formation in acidic electrolytes.

Association of plasma homocysteine with morning blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.

Previous studies have shown that morning blood pressure elevation increases stroke risk. Homocysteine levels are linked to stroke, but the benefit of lowering them alone for stroke is unclear. We aimed to explore the correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and morning blood pressure.

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid mitigates lipotoxicity-induced premature senescence of tubular epithelial cells by activating SIRT1-TFEB signaling.

Background: Targeting metabolic disorders has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) is known for its metabolic regulatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases. However, the precise effects and underlying mechanisms of 18β-GA on CKD remain unclear.