Investigating potential biomarkers associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis using Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis.

Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by multi-organ involvement. Early identification and accurate diagnosis of AAV is crucial for improving prognosis. However, research on biomarkers associated with AAV is limited.

One-Step Simultaneous Electrosynthesis of Copper and Selenium from CuSe in Choline Chloride-Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Conventional selenium recovery poses environmental and sustainability challenges. To address this, we propose a one-step method for the separation and recovery of copper and selenium from dissolved CuSe in a choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent (DES). In this process, copper, having an average particle size of 0.

Metabolic diversity and competitive interactions of infant-derived bifidobacteria in human milk oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharide utilization.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) play a pivotal role in shaping the infant gut microbiome and immune system, primarily by selectively promoting Bifidobacterium species. Although the metabolic pathways of individual bifidobacterial strains for HMO are well-characterized, competitive interactions among multiple strains under single-HMO conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated metabolic capabilities of 15 infant-derived Bifidobacterium strains on 3 substrates: 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), and high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS-HP).

Precision prognostication in neuroblastomas via clinically validated E2F activity signatures.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, with high-risk NB (HR-NB) exhibiting dismal survival rates due to aggressive biology and therapy resistance. E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) are pivotal regulators of cell cycle progression and immune modulation, yet their prognostic and therapeutic implications in NB remain underexplored.

Methods: Using transcriptomic data from the GEO, TARGET, and E-MTAB-8248 cohorts, we identified E2F-associated molecular subtypes via consensus clustering.

The effect of alexithymia on depression: evidence from meta-analysis.

Introduction: Depression is primarily characterized by persistent low mood and cognitive dysfunction, whereas whereas alexithymia refers to difficulties in cognitively processing emotions. Although alexithymia being recognized as a risk factor for depression, there is no clear scholarly consensus on its exact role.

Methods: This investigation employs a meta-analytic random effects model to examine the relationship between alexithymia and depression.

Oxygen Evolution Enhancement of Bulk FeCoNiAlMo High-Entropy Alloy through Electrochemical Dealloying in ChCl-EG Deep Eutectic Solvent.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs), which represent a new type of multielement alloys, have received growing research as potential electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) materials because of their excellent catalytic performances. In this study, the FeCoNiAlMo HEA with an equal atomic ratio was used as the precursor to form a three-dimensional porous structure through electrochemical dealloying in choline chloride ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG). At a current density of 10 mA cm, the overpotential of the porous alloy reached as low as 274 mV, which is lower than that of the commercial RuO-IrO.

Acetylcholine from tuft cells promotes M2 macrophages polarization in Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis.

Background: Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is one of the most severe complications in patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Previous research has indicated that acetylcholine (ACH) plays an anti-inflammatory role during inflammation by acting on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAchR) to promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors. However, the specific role of ACH in HAEC remains unclear.

Single-cell profiling reveals a reduced epithelial defense system, decreased immune responses and the immune regulatory roles of different fibroblast subpopulations in chronic atrophic gastritis.

Purpose: To identify key cellular changes and molecular events in atrophic mucosa, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving the occurrence of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).

Methods: We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize changes in the epithelial state and tissue microenvironment associated with CAG. The molecular changes were identified by comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two mucosa states.

HMGB1 Encapsulated in Podocyte-Derived Exosomes Plays a Central Role in Glomerular Endothelial Cell Injury in Lupus Nephritis by Regulating TRIM27 Expression.

Exosomes play a role in cell communication by transporting content between cells. Here, we tested whether renal podocyte-derived exosomes affect the injury of glomerular endothelial cells in lupus nephritis (LN). We found that exosomes containing high levels of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) were released from podocytes in patients with LN, BALB/c mice injected with pristane (which induces lupus-like disease in mice), and cultured human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) treated with LN plasma.

Single-cell sequencing of the vermiform appendix during development identifies transcriptional relationships with appendicitis in preschool children.

Background: The development of the human vermiform appendix at the cellular level, as well as its function, is not well understood. Appendicitis in preschool children, although uncommon, is associated with a high perforation rate and increased morbidity.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the human appendix during fetal and pediatric stages as well as preschool-age inflammatory appendices.

Sulfur occupancy-induced construction of ant-nest-like NiMo/CF(N) electrode for highly efficient hydrogen evolution.

The microstructure of the electrocatalyst plays a critical role in the reaction efficiency and stability during electrochemical water splitting. Designing an efficient and stable electrocatalyst, further clarifying the synthesis mechanism, is still an important problem to be solved urgently. Inspired by the copper pyrometallurgy theory, an exceptionally active NiMo/CF(N) electrode, consisting of an ant-nest-like copper foam substrate (defined as CF(N)) and deposited NiMo layer, was fabricated for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

The circadian syndrome is a better predictor for psoriasis than the metabolic syndrome via an explainable machine learning method - the NHANES survey during 2005-2006 and 2009-2014.

Objective: To explore the association between circadian syndrome (CircS) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) with psoriasis. Compare the performance of MetS and CircS in predicting psoriasis.

Methods: An observational study used data from the NHANES surveys conducted in 2005-2006 and 2009-2014.

The circadian gene ARNTL2 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis through suppressing AMOTL2-LATS-YAP pathway.

Metastasis is the major culprit of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like 2 (ARNTL2), a core circadian gene, plays a crucial role in the development of various tumors. Nevertheless, the biological role and mechanism of ARNTL2 are not fully elucidated in NPC.

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Corrosion Boosting Bulk FeCoNiCrMo High-Entropy Alloys as Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst.

The key to enhancing water electrolysis efficiency lies in selecting highly efficient catalysts. Currently, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are utilized in electrocatalysis applications owing to their diverse elemental composition, disordered elemental distribution, and the high solubility of each element, endowing them with excellent catalytic performance. The experiments were conducted using isoatomic FeNiCrMo HEA as a precursor, with a high-activity three-dimensional nanoporous structure rapidly synthesized via electrochemical one-step dealloying in a choline chloride-thiourea (ChCl-TU) deep eutectic solvent (DES).

LncRNA DYNLRB2-AS1 promotes gemcitabine resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting the ubiquitination degradation of DHX9 protein.

Gemcitabine (GEM) based induction chemotherapy is a standard treatment for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, approximately 15 % of patients are still resistant to GEM-containing chemotherapy, which leads to treatment failure. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of GEM resistance remain poorly understood.

Correction: Zhao et al. Hypermethylation of UCHL1 Promotes Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Suppressing Degradation of Cortactin (CTTN). 2020, , 559.

In the original publication [...

Emerging therapeutic frontiers in cancer: insights into posttranslational modifications of PD-1/PD-L1 and regulatory pathways.

The interaction between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is expressed on the surface of tumor cells, and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which is expressed on T cells, impedes the effective activation of tumor antigen-specific T cells, resulting in the evasion of tumor cells from immune-mediated killing. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway has been shown to be effective in preventing tumor immune evasion. PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies have garnered significant attention in recent years within the field of tumor treatments, given the aforementioned mechanism.

Transcription factor ATMIN facilitates chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Despite that the docectaxel-cisplatin-5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy has greatly improved patients' survival and became the first-line treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), not all patients could benefit from this therapy. The mechanism underlying the TPF chemoresistance remains unclear. Here, by analyzing gene-expression microarray data and survival of patients who received TPF chemotherapy, we identify transcription factor ATMIN as a chemoresistance gene in response to TPF chemotherapy in NPC.

The E3 ligase NEURL3 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by promoting vimentin degradation.

Background: Metastasis has emerged as the major reason of treatment failure and mortality in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Growing evidence links abnormal DNA methylation to the initiation and progression of NPC. However, the precise regulatory mechanism behind these processes remains poorly understood.

DNAJA4 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via PSMD2-mediated MYH9 degradation.

Emerging evidence indicates that DNA methylation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). DNAJA4 is hypermethylated in NPC, while its role in regulating NPC progression remains unclear. Here, we revealed that the promoter of DNAJA4 was hypermethylated and its expression was downregulated in NPC tissues and cells.

NLRP3 inflammasome activation promotes liver inflammation and fibrosis in experimental biliary atresia.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by a progressive fibroinflammatory cholangiopathy in early infants with unknown etiology. Although innate immune disorder is involved in its mechanism, role of NLRP3 inflammasome in BA remains largely undefined.

Aim: To explore the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in BA.