Synergistic Dual-Anchor Passivation at Buried Interfaces Enabling High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The buried interfacial nonradiative recombination and carrier transport losses in perovskite solar cells, particularly caused by oxygen and iodide vacancy defects at the SnO/perovskite interface, critically limit their efficiency and stability. Herein, we propose a bifunctional passivation strategy using guanidinium phosphate (GAP), which spatially separates phosphate and guanidine groups to synergistically anchor SnO and perovskite interfaces. We systematically demonstrate the multifunctional synergistic roles of GAP molecules at the SnO/perovskite buried interface, where phosphate groups establish robust coordination bonds with the SnO surface to passivate oxygen vacancy defects while optimizing interfacial energy level alignment.

A Microfluidic System for Real-Time Monitoring and In Situ Metabolite Detection of Plasma-Enhanced Wound Healing.

Although cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown promise in facilitating wound repair due to its non-thermal and non-invasive properties, its dynamic effects on cellular response and metabolic regulation remain poorly characterized, and the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we developed a microfluidic experimental system that integrates a CAP treatment module with multiparametric in situ sensing capabilities, along with precise environmental control of temperature, humidity, and CO concentration. A stratified microfluidic chip was engineered to co-culture HaCaT keratinocytes and HSF fibroblasts.

Bile acids affect intestinal barrier function through FXR and TGR5.

Bile acids play a dual role by aiding lipid absorption and acting as signaling molecules by interacting with various receptors. Bile acids are perpetually recycled via enterohepatic circulation and are biotransformation by gut microbiota, making bile acid metabolism a critical regulator of intestinal homeostasis. The intestinal epithelium prominently expresses two key bile acid receptors - the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) - which play indispensable roles in maintaining bile acid homeostasis and intestinal barrier function.

A Method Inspired by One-Dimensional Discrete-Time Quantum Walks for Influential Node Identification.

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is essential for a wide range of applications, from social network analysis to enhancing infrastructure resilience. While quantum walk-based methods offer potential advantages, existing approaches face challenges in dimensionality, computational efficiency, and accuracy. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel method inspired by the one-dimensional discrete-time quantum walk (IOQW).

Crosstalk model of division of focal plane polarization cameras: optical causes and parameter effects.

The division of focal plane polarization cameras is a widely used integrated polarization imaging system, where light intensity crosstalk between micro-polarizer pixels introduces measurement errors. Previous studies have only assessed qualitative crosstalk trends. Here, we model crosstalk as near-field, non-paraxial diffraction of an ideal metal grating.

Robotic surgical techniques and methods for treating renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.

Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus (RCC-IVCTT) has a high mortality rate, and surgery is the only promising treatment. Open surgery has been the gold standard treatment for several decades. However, with the development of minimally invasive surgical technologies, the advantages of robotic surgery have gradually emerged.

MFBCE: A Multi-Focal Bionic Compound Eye for Distance Measurement.

In response to the demand for small-size, high-precision, and real-time target distance measurement in platforms such as autonomous vehicles and drones, this paper investigates the multi-focal bionic compound eye (MFBCE) and its associated distance measurement algorithm. MFBCE was designed to integrate multiple lenses with different focal lengths and a CMOS array. Based on this system, a multi-eye distance measurement algorithm based on target detection was proposed.

On-Surface Ullmann-Type Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halide Precursors with Multiple Substituted Sites.

The fabrication of low-dimensional nanostructures through on-surface synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy for developing high-precision electronic devices. Among various reactions, Ullmann-type coupling (with carbon-halogen bond activation) stands out in this field as a prevalent methodology due to its straightforward activation process, highly programmable characteristics, and remarkable synthetic efficiency. To date, on-surface Ullmann-type coupling reactions of aryl halide precursors have been extensively studied with the assistance of in situ characterization techniques.

Corrigendum to "Ultra-high pressure improved gelation and digestive properties of tai Lake whitebait myofibrillar protein" [Food Chemistry: X (2024) 101061].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.

Development of a clinically relevant rat model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension by combining splenectomy with pulmonary thromboembolism.

Background: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a severe condition resulting from unresolved thrombi in the pulmonary arteries, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Currently, the scarcity of clinically relevant animal models of CTEPH significantly hampers mechanistic studies and drug development.

Methods: This study aimed to establish a rat model of CTEPH by combining splenectomy with thrombus injection, simulating key clinical risk factors associated with the disease.

Variable pore size of mesoporous silica in improving physical stability and oral bioavailability of insoluble drugs.

Mesoporous silica carriers are known to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble Class II drugs. However, most mesoporous silica carriers available in the market have relatively low drug loading capacities. Therefore, it is essential to select the appropriate mesoporous silica carrier to control the particle size and form of poorly soluble drugs, as well as ensure efficient drug loading, particularly for drugs with large clinical dosages.

In situ Polymerized Solid-State Electrolyte Enabling Inorganic-Organic Dual-Layered SEI Film for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

In situ polymerization of cyclic ethers is a promising strategy to construct solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries with high energy density and safety. However, their practical applications are plagued by the unsatisfactory electrochemical properties of polymer electrolytes and the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, organic perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is proposed as a new initiator to polymerize 1,3-dioxolane electrolyte (PDOL), which enables the as-obtained PDOL electrolyte to deliver greatly enhanced ionic conductivity and broadened electrochemical window.

Improving the accuracy of dynamic inclination measurement by machine learning.

With the diminishing availability of oil and gas resources, the Rotary Steerable System has become increasingly important. However, the vibrations and shocks during the drilling process pose challenges to the Measurement While Drilling. In recent years, the application of machine learning in the field of petroleum exploration has gradually expanded, especially in the estimation of geological parameters and lithology discrimination.

Enhancing Spin-Orbit Coupling in an Indolocarbazole Multiresonance Emitter by a Sulfur-Containing Peripheral Substituent for a Fast Reverse Intersystem Crossing.

A fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) remains an ongoing pursuit for multiresonance (MR) emitters but faces formidable challenges, particularly for indolocarbazole (ICz) derived ones. Here, heavy-atom effect is introduced first to construct ICz-MR emitter using a sulfur-containing substitute, simultaneously enhancing both spin-orbit and spin-vibronic coupling to afford a fast RISC with a rate of 1.2 × 10 s, nearly one order of magnitude higher than previous maximum values.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and functional characteristics of myofibrillar proteins from black soldier fly.

In the process of utilizing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) lipids to develop biodiesel, many by-products will be produced, especially the underutilized protein components. These proteins can be recycled through appropriate treatment and technology, such as the preparation of feed, biofertilizers or other kinds of bio-products, so as to achieve the efficient use of resources and reduce the generation of waste. Myofibrillar protein (MP), as the most important component of protein, is highly susceptible to environmental influences, leading to oxidation and deterioration, which ultimately affects the overall performance of the protein and product quality.

Data-Driven H∞ Output Consensus for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems Under Switching Topology via Reinforcement Learning.

In this article, a novel model-free policy gradient reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to solve the tracking problem for discrete-time heterogeneous multiagent systems with external disturbances over switching topology. The dynamics of the followers and the leader are unknown, and the leader's information is missing for each agent due to the switching topology. Therefore, a distributed adaptive observer is introduced to learn the leader's dynamic model and estimate its state for each agent.

Comprehensive Exploration of the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Leaves in Treating Neurological Disorders.

Neurological disorders (NDs) are diseases that seriously affect the health of individuals worldwide, potentially leading to a significant reduction in the quality of life for patients and their families. Herbal medicines have been widely used in the treatment of NDs due to their multi-target and multi-pathway features. leaves (Ls), one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world, have been demonstrated to present therapeutic effects on NDs.

Observational study on the potential mechanism of Sanao decoction in the treatment of asthma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic respiratory disease closely related to immune system dysregulation. Traditional Chinese medicine has long adopted the strategy of Sanao decoction in the treatment of bronchial asthma. However, due to the multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, we are still unclear about the specific mechanism of Sanao decoction in treating bronchial asthma.

Adaptive Intermittent Pinning Control for Synchronization of Delayed Nonlinear Memristive Neural Networks With Reaction-Diffusion Items.

In this article, the global exponential synchronization problem is investigated for a class of delayed nonlinear memristive neural networks (MNNs) with reaction-diffusion items. First, using the Green formula, Lyapunov theory, and proposing a new fuzzy adaptive pinning control scheme, some novel algebraic criteria are obtained to ensure the exponential synchronization of the concerned networks. Furthermore, the corresponding control gains can be promptly adjusted based on the current states of partial nodes of the networks.

Ultra-high pressure improved gelation and digestive properties of Tai Lake whitebait myofibrillar protein.

This study investigated the effects of ultra-high pressure (UHP) at different levels on the physicochemical properties, gelling properties, and digestion characteristics of myofibrillar protein (MP) in Tai Lake whitebait. The α-helix gradually unfolded and transformed into β-sheet as the pressure increased from 0 to 400 MPa. In addition, the elastic modulus (G') and viscous modulus (G'') of the 400 MPa-treated MP samples increased by 4.

Cylindrical granules in the development of mesalazine solid formulations (Ⅱ): The contribution of high aspect ratio to favorable tabletability.

Recently, cylindrical granules have been applied in pharmaceutical fields and their aspect ratio (AR) is considered an important factor in the manufacturing process. However, the relationships between AR and the tableting process were seldom reported. This study aims to clarify the role of AR in the tableting process of cylindrical granules.

Case report: A novel frameshift mutation in BRSK2 causes autism in a 16-year old Chinese boy.

Serine/threonine protein kinases are involved in axon formation and neuronal polarization and have recently been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Here, we focus on BRSK2, which encodes brain-specific serine/threonine protein kinase 2. Although previous studies have reported 19 unrelated patients with BRSK2 pathogenic variation, only 15 of 19 patients have detailed clinical data.

Convergent alteration of the mesenchymal stem cell heterogeneity in adipose tissue during aging.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from distinct age groups possess different characteristics; however, the age-associated changes in ASCs heterogenicity remain largely unknown. In this study, several publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data cohorts of inguinal adipose tissues, including young (2 weeks), adult (8 weeks), and old (18 months) C57BL/6 mice, were analyzed. Transcriptomic clustering of integrated single-cell RNA-seq data from different age groups revealed the existence of five ASCs subtypes.

Impedimetric aptasensor based on MOF based composite for measuring of carcinoembryonic antigen as a tumor biomarker.

In this research, gold nanoparticle (GNPs)-modified metal-organic framework/reduced graphene oxide (MOF(801)/rGO) hybrid was employed to design a new aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) quantification in biological sample. The sensing ability of the electrode for CEA biomarker was examined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry procedures. Besides, CEA was electrochemically quantified by the EIS method.

Data-Driven Optimal Bipartite Consensus Control for Second-Order Multiagent Systems via Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning.

This article investigates the optimal bipartite consensus control (OBCC) problem for unknown second-order discrete-time multiagent systems (MASs). First, the coopetition network is constructed to describe the cooperative and competitive relationships between agents, and the OBCC problem is proposed by the tracking error and related performance index function. Based on the distributed policy gradient reinforcement learning (RL) theory, a data-driven distributed optimal control strategy is obtained to guarantee the bipartite consensus of all agents' position and velocity states.