α-Cyclodextrin mediated 3D printed ceramic/polymer composite scaffolds for immunomodulation and osteogenesis in bone defect repair.

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds for bone defect treatment face numerous challenges, including mechanical mismatches and the lack of immune microenvironment modulation, often leading to implant failure. In this study, an innovative drug-loaded bioinspired ceramic/polymer composite scaffold was designed and fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing technology, incorporating α-cyclodextrin (αCD) in a novel approach to improve interfacial compatibility and drug-loading efficiency. Hydroxyapatite (HA), the main component of natural bone, was employed as the inorganic phase to mimic the mineral structure of bone tissue.

Physical activity and executive function in Chinese preschool children: the mediating role of sleep problems.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and executive function in preschool children, with a particular focus on the mediating role of sleep problem.

Methods: A total of 159 preschool children participated in this study. Physical activity levels were objectively measured using the ActiGraph GT3X-BT.

Role of autophagy in rejection after solid organ transplantation: A systematic review of the literature.

Organ transplantation has long been recognized as an effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, metabolic diseases, and malignant tumors. However, graft rejection caused by major histocompatibility complex mismatch remains a significant challenge. While modern immunosuppressants have made significant strides in reducing the incidence and risk of rejection, they have not been able to eliminate it completely.

Relationship between cardiovascular health and COPD andits impact on all-cause mortality in patients with COPD: analyses of NHANES 2005-2018.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are intimately connected. A recently developed measure called Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is used to evaluate cardiovascular health (CVH). We aimed to investigate the relationship between LE8 and the prevalence of COPD, and the association between LE8 and all-cause mortality in individuals with COPD.

Renal pelvis urobiome dysbiosis is associated with postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Early prediction and diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are critical. This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and the renal pelvis urobiome between patients with and without post-PCNL SIRS to identify potential predictive biomarkers. Patients undergoing unilateral PCNL were categorized into SIRS(+) and SIRS(-) groups based on postoperative SIRS status.

Integrated Design of Materials and Structures for Flexible Base Asphalt Pavement.

Current asphalt pavement structural design methods often lack a strong quantitative link to materials' mixtures and mechanical properties and typically ignore the significant tensile-compressive disparities of materials, resulting in notable analysis errors. This study employed the dual-modulus theory to numerically analyze flexible base asphalt pavements under varied configurations, revealing how critical structural responses and fatigue life evolve. This examination also determined optimal layer mixes through mechanical parameter modeling for integrated material-structure design.

Associations between the METS-IR index and cognitive function in community-dwelling Chinese middle-aged and older adult individuals: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The relationship between insulin resistance and cognitive function has long been a subject of interest, but the association between the metabolic syndrome-insulin resistance (METS-IR) index and cognitive impairment remains unclear.

Methods: We utilized data from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) national survey, which, after screening, included a final sample of 12,307 participants. Cognitive function was assessed through face-to-face interviews via the MMSE scale.

Development and validation of a novel model based on clinical characteristics to predict natural disease course progression in patients with stricturing Crohn's disease.

Background: Stricturing Crohn's disease (CD) is heterogeneous, and risk factors for natural disease course progression remain unclear.

Objectives: The study aims to construct a predictive model based on commonly used clinical indicators to identify high-risk stricturing CD prone to natural disease course progression.

Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

TRIP13-induced NUSAP1 upregulation promotes CcRCC progression through EMT and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Despite recent advancements in targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, drug resistance remains a major obstacle in metastatic ccRCC. As a member of the AAA + ATPase superfamily, TRIP13 has been implicated in tumorigenesis across various cancers.

Powder diffraction crystal structure determination using generative models.

Accurate crystal structure determination is critical across all scientific disciplines involving crystalline materials. However, solving and refining crystal structures from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data is traditionally a labor-intensive process that demands substantial expertise. Here we introduce PXRDGen, an end-to-end neural network that determines crystal structures by learning joint structural distributions from experimentally stable crystals and their PXRD, producing atomically accurate structures refined through PXRD data.

Fe-Mn bimetallic loaded sludge biochar as a novel periodate activator for sulfamethoxazole removal: The combination of radical and non-radical mechanisms.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as significant environmental contaminants, garnering considerable concern from both scientific communities and the general public. This study presented a citric acid sol-gel approach to synthesize iron-manganese modified sludge biochar (FM-SBC) for periodate (PI) activation toward sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal from aqueous solutions. The incorporation of Fe and Mn species enhanced surface charge transfer and generated additional defect sites in the biochar matrix.

Hypoglycemic effects and chemical changes of mulberry fruits of different ripeness: In vitro and silico studies.

Mulberry fruits (MF) are valued for their health benefits. Investigating the composition and functionality of MF at different maturation stages could enhance their applications and reduce waste. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro hypoglycemic effects of MF at various maturation stages and to identify potentially active hypoglycemic compounds.

Novel risk factors and personalized risk calculator for predicting proximal junctional kyphosis after adult spinal deformity surgery.

Aims: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a prevalent and detrimental complication associated with corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). While existing predictive models have been able to predict PJK, they have lacked individualized risk factor assessment, and the inclusion of non-modifiable predictive variables has limited their clinical usefulness. Thus, this study aimed to identify novel risk factors and establish a personalized risk calculator for PJK.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Nomogram to Predict Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Infections Based on Data from Neurosurgery Ward Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to construct and evaluate a nomogram based on data from neurosurgery ward patients to predict the probability of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pneumonia occurrence.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data, early laboratory test results, and physician prescriptions for 35 variables from patients. Univariate and stepwise regression analyses were used to screen variables to determine predictive factors, and a nomogram was constructed in the training group based on the results of the logistic regression model.

Dissecting Bioelectrical Networks in Photosynthetic Membranes with Electrochemistry.

Photosynthetic membranes contain complex networks of redox proteins and molecules, which direct electrons along various energy-to-chemical interconversion reactions important for sustaining life on Earth. Analyzing and disentangling the mechanisms, regulation, and interdependencies of these electron transfer pathways is extremely difficult, owing to the large number of interacting components in the native membrane environment. While electrochemistry is well established for studying electron transfer in purified proteins, it has proved difficult to wire into proteins within their native membrane environments and even harder to probe on a systems-level the electron transfer networks they are entangled within.

Uncertain Interruptibility Multiobjective Flexible Job Shop via Deep Reinforcement Learning Based on Heterogeneous Graph Self-Attention.

Although an increasing number of studies have focused on the flexible job shop problem, there has been insufficient consideration of realistic constraints, such as the working hours of employees and the noninterruptible nature of certain operations. To address this issue, here an improved deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach is presented that utilizes end-to-end multidecision-intelligent body proximal policy optimization (m-PPO). In the proposed framework, a heterogeneous graph self-attention neural network (HGAN) model is embedded, which efficiently extracts valuable features from the original state in heterogeneous graphs to capture intricate relationships.

Environmental enrichment attenuates social isolation-exacerbated postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice via inhibition of RAGE-HMGB1 proinflammatory signaling.

Microglial overactivation, leading to neuroinflammation, plays a pivotal role in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the reasons behind varying inflammatory and cognitive reactions to similar surgical stresses among individuals remain enigmatic. Social isolation (SI), a prevalent psychosocial stressor among older adults, is known to intensify neuroinflammatory reactions and may represent a crucial but overlooked risk factor for POCD.

Associations of socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyle with patient satisfaction in patients following adult spinal deformity surgery.

Background Context: Mounting evidence suggests that both socioeconomic status (SES) and healthy lifestyle play beneficial roles in spine surgical outcomes. However, their combined influence on patient satisfaction remains insufficiently understood in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Purpose: To evaluate the association between SES and healthy lifestyle on patient satisfaction in patients undergoing corrective surgery.

LncRNA H19 and miR-138 modulate retinal neovascularization and associated pathological features in hypoxia-induced disease models.

In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 to evaluate potential novel therapeutic targets in retinal neovascular diseases. Following establishment of an oxygen-induced mouse retinopathy (OIR) model, we knocked down lncRNA H19 and microRNA (miR)-138 by intravitreal injection of adenovirus and assessed the outcomes of interference and overexpression by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, we observed vascular lesions of the retina by hematoxylin and eosin staining and retinal paving staining and detected the expression of relevant factors by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence.

A study on the construction of body fat percentage percentile curve for adults aged 20-79 in China.

Objective: To establish age-specific Body Fat Percentage (BFP) percentile curves for Chinese adults aged 20-79 years, providing a reference tool for accurate BFP assessment and the prediction and prevention of obesity.

Methods: Based on the data from 29,064 individuals obtained through the National Physical Fitness Surveillance (NPFS) in four provinces across China (East, South, West, and North), GAMLSS (Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape) was used to construct gender- and age- specific BFP percentile curves, and obesity cut-off points were defined.

Results: First, age-specific BFP percentile curves were established for the P3, P5, P10, P25, P40, P50, P60, P75, P90, P95, P97 percentiles, and standardized Z-score curve for-3SD, -2SD, -SD, 0SD, +1SD, +2SD, and +3SD.

Mapping gut microbiota and metabolite alterations in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis in the Beijing Community of China.

Introduction: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a chronic disease in the elderly women, which has been shown to be related to the gut microbiota (GM) alternation in recent studies. Few studies have investigated which specific bacterial species and metabolites have an impact on postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, especially in urban communities.

Methods: With the aim of comprehending GM features and metabolite variation in women suffering from PMO in the Beijing Community of China, we divided the 76 eligible participants into osteoporosis (OP) and health control (HC) groups taking into account the bone mineral density (BMD), and adopted 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing to examine the GM compositions in the respective groups.

Realization of Kagome Kondo lattice.

The Kondo lattice, describing a grid of the local magnetic moments coupling to itinerant electrons, is a fertile ground of strongly correlated states in condensed matter physics. While the Kagome lattice has long been predicted to host Kondo physics with exotic magnetism and nontrivial topology, no experimental realization has been achieved to the best of our knowledge. Here, we report the discovery of CsCrSb, a van der Waals-like Kagome Kondo lattice featuring extremely flat, isolated bands at the Fermi level that composed entirely of Cr-3d electrons.