Genetic causality linking skin microbiota to skin cancer: Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis.

The skin microbiome has been linked to the etiology and progression of skin cancer, but the causal relationship remains unclear. This study employs two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) and meta-analysis techniques to elucidate the putative genetic causal relationships between skin microbiota and skin cancer. Genetic variant data for the skin microbiome and skin cancer, drawn from large-scale genome-wide association studies, were extracted from European populations.

Global trends in testicular and prostate cancer among adolescents and young adult males aged 15-49 years, 1990-2021: insights from the GBD study.

Malignant reproductive system tumors significantly impact the physical and mental health of adolescent and young adult males (AYAMs, aged 15-49 years), particularly their fertility. In recent years, the incidence of testicular and prostate cancer in this population has risen, while early diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. However, global epidemiological data on AYAMs are limited.

Lysosomal Acidification: A New Perspective on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a complex pathophysiological process characterized by local pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, along with systemic inflammation and distal organ damage. The acidic environment of lysosomes, as intracellular degradation and recycling centers, is important for cellular homeostasis and function. This review summarizes the potential role of lysosomal acidification in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis and its implications for cross-organ effects.

Protein Ubiquitination Modification in Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate, which encompasses features, such as diffuse alveolar inflammation, invasive fibroblast activation, and uncontrolled extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Beyond the local pathological processes, PF can be better understood in light of interorgan communication networks that are involved in its progression. Notably, pulmonary inflammation can affect cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and neural functions, highlighting the importance of understanding these systemic interactions.

Comprehensive utilization of poplar sawdust for glucose, xylose and lignin production using aluminum salt-based deep eutectic solvent.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) demonstrate significant promise in biorefining because of their ability to break down the complex and resistant structure of lignocellulose. In this study, a ternary DES system composed of AlCl·6HO, formic acid (FA), and water was designed and applied for the pretreatment of poplar sawdust. The presence of AlCl·6HO and FA provides Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, respectively.

Gender-specific effects of prenatal polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on offspring lung development.

Nanoplastics are widely present in the environment. Exposure to environmental pollutants during pregnancy can have adverse effects on fetal development and health. Establishing a link between nanoplastics and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) requires further investigation.

Assessing the risk of acute kidney injury associated with a four-drug regimen for heart failure: a ten-year real-world pharmacovigilance analysis based on FAERS events.

Background: The four-drug regimen for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly reduces the risks of hospitalization and mortality. To identify key adverse drug events (ADEs) warranting attention with this regimen, we conducted a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) events.

Research Design And Methods: We collected ADE reports of the four-drug regimen from FAERS that matched this regimen over a 10-year period.

Identification of circulating risk biomarkers for cognitive decline in a large community-based population in Chongqing China.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between blood-based pathologies and established risk factors for cognitive decline in the community-based population of Chongqing, a region with significant aging.

Methods: A total of 26,554 residents aged 50 years and older were recruited. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to assess the risk factors of cognition levels.

Concerting magnesium implant degradation facilitates local chemotherapy in tumor-associated bone defect.

Effective management of malignant tumor-induced bone defects remains challenging due to severe systemic side effects, substantial tumor recurrence, and long-lasting bone reconstruction post tumor resection. Magnesium and its alloys have recently emerged in clinics as orthopedics implantable metals but mostly restricted to mechanical devices. Here, by deposition of calcium-based bilayer coating on the surface, a Mg-based composite implant platform is developed with tailored degradation characteristics, simultaneously integrated with chemotherapeutic (Taxol) loading capacity.

Adverse drug events associated with fluorouracil use in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Background: Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but real-world safety data is limited. Our study aimed to evaluate 5-FU's safety profile in a large mCRC population using the FAERS database.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted disproportionality analyses to identify adverse drug events associated with 5-FU use in mCRC patients from 2004 to 2023.

Association between machine learning-assisted heavy metal exposures and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background And Objective: Heavy metals, ubiquitous in the environment, pose a global public health concern. The correlation between these and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. Our objective was to explore the correlation between heavy metal exposures and the incidence of DKD.

A designed ZrOCl/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent for efficient lignocellulose valorization.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) hold great potential in biorefining because they can efficiently deconstruct the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose. In particular, inorganic salts with Lewis acids have been proven to be effective at cleaving lignin-carbohydrate complexes. Herein, a Zr-based DES system composed of metal chloride hydrate (ZrOCl·8HO) and ethylene glycol (EG) was designed and used for poplar powder pretreatment.

Immune cell senescence and exhaustion promote the occurrence of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Background: Liver metastasis (LM) stands as a primary cause of mortality in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), posing a significant impediment to long-term survival benefits from targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive investigation into how senescent and exhausted immune cells contribute to LM.

Methods: We gathered single-cell sequencing data from primary colorectal cancer (pCRC) and their corresponding matched LM tissues from 16 mCRC patients.

Cellulose-reinforced highly stretchable and adhesive eutectogels as efficient sensors.

A cellulose-reinforced eutectogel was constructed by deep eutectic solvent (DES) and cotton linter cellulose. Cellulose was dispersed in the ternary DES consisting of acrylic acid, choline chloride and AlCl·6HO. The photoinitiator was then introduced into the system to in situ polymerize acrylic acid monomer to form transparent and ionic conductive eutectogels while keeping all the DES.

Self-Healing and Wide Temperature-Tolerant Cellulose-Based Eutectogels for Reversible Humidity Detection.

A kind of ionic conductive gel (also named eutectogel) is developed from an inorganic salt (ZnCl)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES). The ternary DES consists of ZnCl, acrylic acid, and water, and cotton linter cellulose is introduced into the DES system to tailor its mechanical and conductive properties. Enabled by the extensive hydrogen bonds and ion-dipole interactions, the obtained eutectogel displays superior ionic conductivity (0.

The role and regulation of SIRT1 in pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with high incidence and a lack of effective treatment, which is a severe public health problem. PF has caused a huge socio-economic burden, and its pathogenesis has become a research hotspot. SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent sirtuin essential in tumours, Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and anti-aging.

Mg-based implants with a sandwiched composite coating simultaneously facilitate antibacterial and osteogenic properties.

Insufficient antibacterial effects and over-fast degradation are the main limitations of magnesium (Mg)-based orthopedic implants. In this study, a sandwiched composite coating containing a triclosan (TCS)-loaded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) layer inside and brushite (DCPD) layer outside was prepared on the surface of the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr (denoted as JDBM) implant. degradation tests revealed a remarkable improvement in the corrosion resistance and moderate degradation rate.

Single-cell RNA-Seq Elucidates the Crosstalk Between Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The challenge of systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stems from the development of drug resistance, primarily driven by the interplay between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, there is a notable dearth of comprehensive research investigating the crosstalk between CSCs and stromal cells or immune cells within the TME of HCC. We procured single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data from 16 patients diagnosed with HCC.

Design of a Single-Atom In-N-S site to Modulate Exciton Behavior in Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance.

Rational tailoring of the local coordination environment of single atoms has demonstrated a significant impact on the electronic state and catalytic performance, but the development of catalysts beyond noble/transition metals is profoundly significant and highly desired. Herein, the main-group metal indium (In) single atom is immobilized on sulfur-doped porous carbon nitride nanosheets (In@CNS) in the form of three nitrogen atoms coordinated with one sulfur atom (In-N-S). Both theoretical calculations and advanced characterization investigations clearly elucidated that the single-atomic In-N-S structures on In@CNS are powerful in promoting the dissociation of excitons into more free carriers as well as the charge separation, synergistically elevating electron concentration by 2.

The role of m6A demethylases in lung cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

m6A is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA, and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and various other biological processes. Lung cancer is a common primary malignant tumor of the lungs, which involves multiple factors in its occurrence and progression. Currently, only the demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 have been identified as associated with m6A modification.

Oxeiptosis core genes and their multi-omics analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Oxeiptosis is a recently discovered caspase-independent, non-inflammatory programmed cell death modality. Current studies suggest that oxeiptosis has crucial effects on biological processes in a variety of diseases. However, the mechanism of oxeiptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear and no relevant studies have been published.

Does proton pump inhibitors use increase risk of digestive tumors?: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study.

The objective of this study was to explore the causal relationship between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and 16 types of digestive system tumors. We utilized a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate this relationship. We obtained exposure and outcome data from the UK Biobank and the Finland Biobank, respectively.

A two-stage dominance-based surrogate-assisted evolution algorithm for high-dimensional expensive multi-objective optimization.

In the past decades, surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have become one of the most popular methods to solve expensive multi-objective optimization problems (EMOPs). However, most existing methods focus on low-dimensional EMOPs because a large number of training samples are required to build accurate surrogate models, which is unrealistic for high-dimensional EMOPs. Therefore, this paper develops a two-stage dominance-based surrogate-assisted evolution algorithm (TSDEA) for high-dimensional EMOPs which utilizes the RBF model to approximate each objective function.