Total flavonoids of L. alleviate cognitive impairment via TNF-α/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in vascular dementia rats.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of total flavonoids of (TFDM) in VaD by using network pharmacology and validation.

Methods: The network pharmacology was used to explore the mechanism of TFDM to improve VaD. A rat model of VaD was established using permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO).

Lysosomal Acidification: A New Perspective on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a complex pathophysiological process characterized by local pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, along with systemic inflammation and distal organ damage. The acidic environment of lysosomes, as intracellular degradation and recycling centers, is important for cellular homeostasis and function. This review summarizes the potential role of lysosomal acidification in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis and its implications for cross-organ effects.

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II early onset colorectal cancer: exploration and discovery using real-world data and the SEER database.

Background And Aim: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is rising, yet intensive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) often results in overtreatment with minimal prognostic benefit. This study aims to assess the therapeutic necessity of ACT in stage II EOCRC patients and to identify potential ACT candidates.

Methods: A total of 296 non-ACT and 50 ACT patients with stage II EOCRC were included from Xijing Hospital (XJCRC), and 2067 non-ACT and 1163 ACT patients were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohort.

Impact of chemical composition on metabolizable energy and its prediction models in brewer's spent grains for broilers at different ages.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chemical composition and metabolizable energy (ME) in brewer's spent grains (BSG), and to develop ME prediction models for fast-growing white feathered broilers at different ages. Broilers aged 11 to 14 days or 25 to 28 days were fed 11 experimental diets (one basal diet and 10 diets supplemented with BSG) in a 2 × 11 completely randomized factorial arrangement. Each experimental diet was assigned to 6 replicates of 4 broilers, either 11 to 14 days or 25 to 28 days of age.

Prediction of Patients With High-Risk Osteosarcoma on the Basis of XGBoost Algorithm Using Transcriptome and Methylation Data From SGH-OS Cohort.

Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary malignant bone sarcoma, characterized by its high rates of metastasis and mortality. In our previous multiomics analysis of the Shanghai General Hospital OS (SGH-OS) cohort, we identified four distinct OS subtypes, each with unique molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes. Of particular importance was the identification of the MYC-driven subtype, which exhibited the poorest prognosis and was referred to as high-risk OS.

Exposure to Nanoplastics During Pregnancy Induces Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening in Male Offspring.

Background: Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants with potential health impacts, particularly on metabolic disorders. However, the mechanism by which gestational exposure to PSNPs induces obesity in offspring remains unclear. This study, focused on the whitening of brown adipose tissue (BAT), aims to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms by which prenatal exposure to PSNPs promotes obesity development in mouse offspring.

A Deferoxamine-Loaded Microneedle Patch Enhances Healing of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury: Potential Involvement of Ferroptosis.

Radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) presents a significant challenge in wound care due to its complex pathophysiology, which includes increased oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, and delayed re-epithelialization. Transcriptomic analysis reveals significant alterations in genes associated with the ferroptosis pathway following radiation exposure. In this study, we introduce microneedles composed of silk fibroin hydrogel loaded with deferoxamine (SF+MNs+DFO) to inhibit ferroptosis.

Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Study of the Triglyceride Glucose Index, Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Machine Learning Integrated Approach.

Using NHANES data from 2003 to 2008, 2011 to 2012, and 2015 to 2020, we examined the relationship between urinary organophosphate pesticide (OPP) metabolites and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. The TyG index evaluates insulin resistance, a crucial factor in metabolic diseases. Linear regression analyzed urinary metabolites in relation to the TyG index and OPPs.

YTH N-methyladenosine RNA Binding Protein 1 Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation and Neointimal Hyperplasia.

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic transition contributes to several major vascular diseases such as intimal hyperplasia and restenosis, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. The objectives of this study are to determine the role of mRNA N-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in SMC phenotypic modulation and injury-induced neointima formation.

Soil Decomposer Can Regulate the Legacy Effect of Photodegradation on Forest Marcescent Litter Decomposition, but Emerging Microplastics Disrupt This.

Photodegradation-photochemical mineralization of standing litters-often exerts a legacy effect aiding biodegradation in soil (PLE), which is overlooked in deciduous forests containing marcescent leaves. Meanwhile, increasing anthropogenic microplastics have deposited in forests, how they would affect the PLE on subsequent litter bio-decomposition is currently unknown. Here, we employed an ultraviolet-accelerated aging chamber to replicate the abiotic photodegradation process of a naturally marcescent tree, , then manipulated mesocosm bio-incubations to quantify how decomposers (microbial alone or with soil animals) and microplastic contamination would interactively affect the PLE.

Associations between brominated flame retardants exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mediation analysis in the NHANES.

Background: Exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) may negatively impact human health. The association of BFRs with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population is unclear. Meanwhile, limited studies have investigated the potential role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this link.

Effects of Nutritional Status During Sexual Maturation and Resource Availability on the Resource Allocation of Females in Burying Beetles.

Resource availability should have consequences for life-history functions and trade-offs among them because it influences the amounts of resources allocated to different functions. Nutritional status during a key developmental window (sexual maturation) may also have an important impact on life-history functions and such trade-offs. However, less is known about whether and how they interact to influence the resource allocation of individuals.

Particle manipulation under X-force fields.

Particle manipulation is a central technique that enhances numerous scientific and medical applications by exploiting micro- and nanoscale control within fluidic environments. In this review, we systematically explore the multifaceted domain of particle manipulation under the influence of various X-force fields, integral to lab-on-a-chip technologies. We dissect the fundamental mechanisms of hydrodynamic, gravitational, optical, magnetic, electrical, and acoustic forces and detail their individual and synergistic applications.

Macrocyclic Compounds with Diverse Skeletons from the Roots of and Their Spasmolytic Activity.

Six undescribed macrocyclic compounds, including diarylhexanoids ( and ), a diarylhexanoid glucoside (), diarylheptanoids ( and ), and an aceroside (), were isolated from the roots of Cheval., along with 11 known analogues (-). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, as well as by calculated optical rotatory dispersion and derivatization reactions.

Pedestrians' perceptions, fixations, and decisions towards automated vehicles with varied appearances.

Future automated vehicles (AVs) are anticipated to feature innovative exteriors, such as textual identity indications, external radars, and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs), as evidenced by current and forthcoming on-road testing prototypes. However, given the vulnerability of pedestrians in road traffic, it remains unclear how these novel AV appearances will impact pedestrians' crossing behaviour, especially in relation to their multimodal performance, including subjective perceptions, gaze patterns, and road-crossing decisions. To address this gap, this study pioneers an investigation into the influence of AVs' exterior design, in conjunction with their kinematics, on pedestrians' road-crossing perception and decision-making.

Detecting optical frequency in weak signal light using injection-induced frequency modulation.

In fiber-optic sensing, long-distance transmission and demodulation of weak signal light (SL) are critical. This study improves the system by relocating an external cavity tunable laser (ECTL) to the transmission end. Directly injecting the SL into the ECTL modulates the output light and uses the high-power ECTL light for transmission, reducing loss.

Phase extraction method resistant to the nonlinearity for dynamic frequency scanning interferometry.

Dynamic frequency scanning interferometry (DFSI) offers the advantage of drift immunity in distance measurements, making it widely used in industrial applications. However, the nonlinear scanning characteristics of lasers can induce non-stationarity in interference signals, complicating the phase extraction process and decreasing the accuracy of dynamic distance measurement. This study investigates the phase extraction of non-stationary signals with multiple frequency components and proposes a second-order group delay error compensation algorithm.

Ecological water replenishment through optimal allocation of lake water in water-scarce areas based on channel selection and replenishment period: A case study of China's Baiyangdian Lake.

Ecological water replenishment (EWR) greatly improves a lake's hydrodynamics and water quality, and has become a common means of ecological restoration. The replenishment inflow channels, inflow period, and volume allocation are the main factors affecting the benefits of EWR. However, water scarcity often makes it difficult to achieve the optimal EWR allocation.

Ancient duplications, multidimensional specializations, and defense role of hexokinases in wheat.

Hexokinases (HXKs), which sense and catalyze cellular sugar, play a critical role in the growth and development of various plants, including wheat, a primary source of human calories frequently attacked by fungal pathogens. However, the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of HXKs in wheat, particularly their roles in plant defense, remain unclear. Here, we discovered that the wheat hexokinase gene family originated through multiple ancient gene duplications across different plant lineages and has undergone comprehensive, multidimensional functional specialization in gene expression, subcellular localization, enzyme activity, and regulation of plant defense responses.

Metabolism of Furanocoumarins by Three Recombinant CYP9A Proteins From the Polyphagous Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera.

Furanocoumarins are a class of chemical compounds with phototoxic properties. For herbivores, efficient detoxification of such defense compounds is the prerequisite to feed successfully on furanocoumarin-containing plants. The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is a very important polyphagous pest in agriculture, but how it copes with toxic furanocoumarins in some of its host plants is not well understood.

Enhanced Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty: A Novel Method for Intraorbital Fat Transposition and Stabilization.

Background: The evolution of lower blepharoplasty has shifted from simply removing of orbital septum fat to smoothing of the lid-cheek junction through fat repositioning. This paper adopts a novel technique to transpose and stabilize intraorbital fat during transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty. The tear trough and nasal alar base were filled to correct the pouch while ensuring the blood supply of the fat flap.

Initial Litter Chemistry and UV Radiation Drive Chemical Divergence in Litter during Decomposition.

Litter's chemical complexity influences carbon (C) cycling during its decomposition. However, the chemical and microbial mechanisms underlying the divergence or convergence of chemical complexity under UV radiation remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a 397-day field experiment using C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (C-CPMAS NMR) to investigate the interactions among the initial chemistry, microbial communities, and UV radiation during decomposition.

Interleukin-33 links asthma to alopecia areata: Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to elucidate the causal association between asthma and alopecia areata (AA) through the application of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, leveraging summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Additionally, it explores potential mediating factors.

Materials And Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to investigate the causal relationship between asthma and AA using genetic instrumental variables (IVs) for asthma, 91 circulating inflammatory proteins, and AA extracted from large-scale GWAS.