Greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods and software.

The focus of green analytical chemistry (GAC) is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety, human health, and the environment. Several factors, such as the reagents used, sample collection, sample processing, instruments, energy consumed, and the quantities of hazardous materials and waste generated during analytical procedures, need to be considered in the evaluation of the greenness of analytical assays. In this study, we propose a greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods (GEMAM).

The pan genome analysis of gene family in apple and the two sides of in promoting leaf-borne shoot.

Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms that cannot move freely in response to fluctuating and complex environments. As a result, plant development follows post-embryonic processes, enabling flexible developmental strategies to adapt to changing environment. The related homeobox () gene family plays a crucial role in regulating these post-embryonic processes in plants.

Construction of yeast two-hybrid cDNA library and identification of interacting protein with McHDRa/b in Matricaria chamomilla L.

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a traditional aromatic medicinal plant, its flower contains volatile aromatic oil (essential oil). The main sesquiterpene components of the essential oil are (E)-β-farnesene, chamazulene, and α-bisabolol, these components have significant medicinal value and are used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Development of a bioanalytical method for quantification of methoxy-polyethylene glycol propionic acid polymer based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique and micro-solid phase extraction to enhance sensitivity and greenness.

Revealing the potential of cellular cytotoxic and pharmacokinetics for methoxy‑polyethylene glycol propionic acid (M-PEG-PA) polymers is critical for evaluating the biocompatibility of PEG-based nanocarriers. M-PEG-PA was employed as a target compound in this study. Cellular uptake of M-PEG-PA polymers was first investigated by a green and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay.

Bioanalysis of monodisperse HO-PEG-OH polymers in MCF-7 cells by UHPLC-MS/MS coupled with μ-SPE to improve greenness and sensitivity.

Monodisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives offer significant advantages over conventional polydisperse PEGs for biomedical applications due to their precisely defined molecular structures. This study establishes an eco-efficient, selective, and sensitive analytical assay integrating microscale solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to investigate the cellular uptake of HO-PEG-OH polymers in MCF-7 cells. The method achieved greater than 91% recovery from 20 μL lysates using M-PEG-OH as the internal standard, with validated linearity (10-1000 ng/mL, R > 0.

Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Remote Stereocontrol for Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Cyclohexylidene-Based Axially Chiral Amines.

Cyclohexylidene-based amines exhibit unique axial chirality arising from the restricted double bond and have shown great potential in medicinal chemistry. However, their asymmetric synthesis remains challenging due to the long distance between the chirally relevant groups. Herein, we report a highly efficient and asymmetric synthesis of cyclohexylidene-based axially chiral amines from 4-substituted cyclohexanones and primary amines catalyzed by imine reductases (IREDs).

CYP98A monooxygenases: a key enzyme family in plant phenolic compound biosynthesis.

Phenolic compounds are derived from the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways of plants and include phenylpropionic acids, lignins, coumarins, and flavonoids. These compounds are among the most abundant and diverse classes of secondary metabolites found throughout the plant kingdom. Phenolic compounds play critical roles in the growth, development, and stress resistance of horticultural plants.

Muscone-specific olfactory protein MjavOBP3 identified as the putative scent-marking pheromone in the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica).

Pangolins are mammals of important conservation interest, as only eight extant species remain globally and all are considered to be at risk of extinction. The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) is a burrowing and nocturnal animal with poor vision, thus intraspecies communication such as mating, warning, and scent-marking relies on olfaction. The specific pheromone involved in intraspecies communication in pangolins remains unknown.

The relationship between dyspnea-related kinesiophobia and physical activity in people with COPD: a moderated mediation model.

This study aimed to assess the levels of physical activity (PA) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), investigate the impact of dyspnea-related kinesiophobia on them, and further examine the moderated mediation effects of exercise perception and exercise self-regulatory efficacy on this relationship. This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. Data were collected using the Breathlessness Beliefs Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Form, Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale, and Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale.

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 3/6 Reduce Auxin Signaling via Stabilizing Indoleacetic Acid-Induced Proteins 8/9 in Plant Abiotic Stress Adaptation.

The balance between plant growth and stress response is a key issue in the field of biology. In this process, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6 contribute to the construction of plants' defense system during stress tolerance, while auxin, a growth-promoting hormone, is the key to maintaining plant growth. Nevertheless, the antagonistic or cooperative relationship between MPK3/6-mediated stress response and auxin-mediated plant growth remains unclear.

Glomerular organization of the antennal lobe in the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1770).

The fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), a typical destructive invasive pest, has caused substantial damage to both the ecological environment and economy in China. H. cunea uses primarily its antennae to locate food and perceive pheromones through stimulation of olfactory receptor neurons.

High throughput analysis of vancomycin in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS.

An analytical assay based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technique for absolute quantification of vancomycin in complexed biological matrix was developed in this study. Reversed phase column with gradient elution was chosen for chromatographic separation of vancomycin and internal standard (IS) norancomycin. Sample pretreatment was performed by micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) with Oasis® MAX μElution Plate (I.

Anchoring Platinum Nanoparticles onto Oxygen Vacancy-Modified Mixed Metal Oxides for Selective Oxidation Reaction of Aromatic Alcohols.

Directed transformation of organic compounds under mild conditions, especially alcohol oxidation, presents great challenges in green chemistry. Herein, we report a platinum nanoparticle catalyst supported on zinc-gallium mixed metal oxides (denoted as Pt/ZnGa-MMOs), which displays superior catalytic activity for the selective oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde (conversion: >99%; selectivity: >99%; reaction rate: 125 mmol g h). Both experimental studies [X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS)] and DFT calculations reveal the formation of an interfacial structure (Zn-O-Ga) on the ZnGa-MMOs support.

Influence of antidepressants on stream microbiota: Consequences for leaf itter breakdown and nutrient cycling.

As an emerging pollutant, antidepressants in wastewater have received extensive attention due to their metabolic stability and antimicrobial activity in aquatic systems. However, the scarcity of experimental data limits the validation of their potential impacts on ecosystem functionality. This study examined the effects of fluoxetine and amitriptyline (0-100 ng L) on microbial decomposers in stream ecosystems.

Interplay between energy metabolism and NADPH oxidase-mediated pathophysiology in cardiovascular diseases.

Sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in the antioxidant system have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially when combined with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and other metabolic disorders. Among them, NADPH oxidases (NOX), including NOX1-5, are major sources of ROS that mediate redox signaling in both physiological and pathological processes, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and remodeling. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondria produce more proteins and energy in response to adverse stress, corresponding with an increase in superoxide radical anions.

Selenium-Modified Biochar Synergistically Achieves the Safe Use of Selenium and the Inhibition of Heavy Metal Cadmium.

To address cadmium pollution in China's cultivated land, chitosan, inorganic and organic selenium were used to modify rice husk charcoal for cadmium inhibition. Basic physicochemical properties of rice husk carbons were characterized (BET, FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential). Kinetic and isothermal adsorption experiments studied the adsorption of Cd by modified biochar under different pH and dosages.

Gibberellin-Induced Transcription Factor MYB71 Negatively Regulates Salvianolic Acid Biosynthesis in .

, the valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been used in clinics for thousands of years. The water-soluble salvianolic acid compounds are bioactive substances used in treating many diseases. Gibberellins (GAs) are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development.

Green analytical chemistry metrics for evaluating the greenness of analytical procedures.

Green analytical chemistry (GAC) focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety, human health, and environment. In addition to the 12 principles of GAC, proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays. The 15 widely used GAC metrics, i.

UGT708S6 from Dendrobium catenatum, catalyzes the formation of flavonoid C-glycosides.

Background: Dendrobium catenatum is a perennial herb of the genus Dendrobium orchidaceae. It has been known as "Golden Grass, Soft Gold" since ancient times with effects of strengthening the body, benefiting the stomach, generating body fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing internal heat. The flowers of D.

Functional analysis of (E)-β-farnesene synthases involved in accumulation of (E)-β-farnesene in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.).

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a traditional medicinal aromatic plant, and the sesquiterpenoids in its flowers have important medicinal value. The (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) is one of the active sesquiterpenoid components and is also a major component of aphid alarm pheromones.

Effects of nanoplastic exposure routes on leaf decomposition in streams.

Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) released from plastic products have been demonstrated to pose a threat to leaf litter decomposition in streams. Given the multitrophic systems of species interactions, the effects of PS NPs through different exposure routes on ecosystem functioning remain unclear. Especially dietary exposure, a frequently overlooked pathway leading to toxicity, deserves more attention.

Total synthesis and structural modification of the dibenzylbutane lignan LCA as a potent anti-inflammatory agent against LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious public health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, few efficacious drugs are clinically available. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines is considered to be a promising method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for cellular toxicity and pharmacokinetic study of PEG1K polymers.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most commonly used polymers in drug delivery systems. The investigation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of PEG is important for revealing the toxicity and efficiency of PEG-related Nano-drug delivery systems. A high through-put and selective ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) in source technique was developed and validated to determine PEG1K polymers in cellular samples in this study.

The ERF transcription factor LTF1 activates DIR1 to control stereoselective synthesis of antiviral lignans and stress defense in roots.

Lignans are a powerful weapon for plants to resist stresses and have diverse bioactive functions to protect human health. Elucidating the mechanisms of stereoselective biosynthesis and response to stresses of lignans is important for the guidance of plant improvement. Here, we identified the complete pathway to stereoselectively synthesize antiviral (-)-lariciresinol glucosides in roots, which consists of three-step sequential stereoselective enzymes DIR1/2, PLR, and UGT71B2.