Increased pathogens and reduced intestinal immune genes associated with fish diseases during the winter-spring transition.

Global climate change has posed significant challenges to the aquaculture industry, leading to the emergence of novel diseases. A recently emerging disease, termed the overwintering syndrome, has been reported in freshwater fish aquaculture systems in China during the winter-spring transition. This syndrome is characterized by weight loss, decreased activity levels, and mass mortality.

Naturally-derived injectable hydrogels for antitumor therapeutics.

As novel localized drug delivery platforms, injectable hydrogels demonstrate significant potential in precision tumor therapy. By enabling spatiotemporally controlled drug release at target sites, they not only reduce systemic toxicity but also facilitate synergistic codelivery of chemotherapeutic agents, immunomodulators and gene therapy carriers. However, synthetic polymer-based hydrogel scaffolds face major challenges in clinical translation due to complex fabrication processes, potential immunogenicity and metabolic toxicity.

Harnessing dendritic cells as immunological bridges to potentiate mRNA cancer vaccines.

mRNA-based cancer vaccines have emerged as a transformative immunotherapy, with dendritic cells (DCs) serving as pivotal orchestrators of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity. This review explores how DCs function as immunological bridges to enhance mRNA vaccine efficacy by integrating antigen presentation with coordinated immune cell crosstalk. We first outline the functional diversity of DC subsets, emphasizing their maturation dynamics and intrinsic potential in mRNA vaccines.

Endothelial Piezo1 stimulates angiogenesis to offer protection against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.

Background: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which occurs in the ileum and not only leads to intestinal tissue damage, but also may trigger systemic inflammatory responses, is a prevalent pathological condition that is typically associated with acute intestinal ischemia, surgical procedures, or trauma. However, the precise underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been fully uncovered. In this study, we explored the specific roles and underlying mechanisms by which endothelial Piezo1 is involved in intestinal I/R injury.

Nuclear-Targeted Material Enabled Intranuclear MicroRNA Imaging for Tracking Gene Editing Process.

Gene editing technology based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) systems serves as an efficient tool in cancer therapy. Tracking the gene editing process can help identify the progress of cancer treatment. However, existing techniques for monitoring the gene editing process rely on lysed cells, which can not reflect the dynamic changes of nucleic acid in living cells.

New insights into coevolution between plants and their cryptic pollinators.

Obligate pollination mutualisms are ideal models for studying coevolution. Long thought to be rare, a growing number of examples have been discovered and reported in recent decades. This review discusses two pollination mutualisms characterised by reciprocal adaptations between cryptic insects and their host plants: Asian Schisandraceae-resin midges and leafflower (Phyllanthaceae)-leafflower moths.

Precise and controllable synthesis of ultra-stable gold nanoparticles based on polymer templates for miRNA detection.

Here, a novel strategy for the preparation of ultra-stable gold nanoparticles was developed based on a core-shell structure of single-molecule micelles, which offered advantages such as convenience, rapid preparation, size control. These ultra-stable gold nanoparticles enable specific miRNA detection, facilitating the precise screening of tumor cells.

SMORE: spatial motifs reveal patterns in cellular architecture of complex tissues.

Deciphering the link between tissue architecture and function requires methods to identify and interpret patterns in spatial arrangement of cells. We present SMORE, an approach to detect patterns in sequential arrangements of cells and examine their associated gene expression specializations. Applied to retina, brain, and embryonic tissue maps, SMORE identifies novel spatial motifs, including one that offers a new mechanism of action for type 1b bipolar cells.

Spatiotemporal Nano-Regulator Unleashes Anti-Tumor Immunity by Overcoming Dendritic Cell Tolerance and T Cell Exhaustion in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes.

Lymph nodes are crucial immune foci as the primary target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the anti-tumor functions of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are critically suppressed by tumors. Here, a novel spatiotemporal nano-regulator is presented, designed to modulate the dendritic cells (DCs) in TDLNs, establishing a supportive niche for immune surveillance.

UGT708S6 from Dendrobium catenatum, catalyzes the formation of flavonoid C-glycosides.

Background: Dendrobium catenatum is a perennial herb of the genus Dendrobium orchidaceae. It has been known as "Golden Grass, Soft Gold" since ancient times with effects of strengthening the body, benefiting the stomach, generating body fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing internal heat. The flowers of D.

Recognition of novel proteins encoded by an aquareovirus using mass spectrometry.

AQUAREOVIRUS: a genus of within the family Spinareoviridae, order Reovirales, infects aquatic animals. Their genomes comprise 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, which function directly as mRNAs upon release into the cytoplasm of infected cells. Here, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to annotate small coding ORFs in the Aquareovirus-C genome.

Reconstructing signaling history of single cells with imaging-based molecular recording.

The intensity and duration of biological signals encode information that allows a few pathways to regulate a wide array of cellular behaviors. Despite the central importance of signaling in biomedical research, our ability to quantify it in individual cells over time remains limited. Here, we introduce INSCRIBE, an approach for reconstructing signaling history in single cells using endpoint fluorescence images.

An Injectable Photothermal-Fusing Hydrogel: Achieving Temperature-Controllable Mild Photothermal Therapy to Reverse Chemotherapy-Induced Immune Tolerance.

Mild photothermal therapy (M-PTT) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to reverse the immune tolerance caused by low-dose chemotherapy. However, it still needs convenient strategies to control temperature during M-PTT. In this work, the phase change material lauric acid (LA, melting point 43 °C) was introduced to construct nanoparticles loaded with deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) and cisplatin (CDDP), which were mixed into a supramolecular hydrogel formed by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/tannic acid (TA)/Fe to obtain FeTP@DLD/DLC.

Constructing a Ready-to-Use mRNA Vaccine Delivery System for the Prevention of Influenza A virus, Utilizing FDA-Approved Raw Materials.

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, serving as a rapid and easily scalable emergency preventive measure, have played a pivotal role in preventing infectious diseases. The effectiveness of mRNA vaccines heavily relies on the delivery carrier, but the current market options are predominantly lipid nanoparticles. Their intricate preparation process and high transportation costs pose challenges for widespread use in remote areas.

Characterization of the Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 immediate-early gene ORF24 and its potential role in transcriptional regulation in yeast.

Herpesviruses adhere to a precise temporal expression model in which immediate-early (IE) genes play a crucial role in regulating the viral life cycle. However, there is a lack of functional research on the IE genes in Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV-1). In this study, we identified the IcHV-1 ORF24 as an IE gene via a metabolic inhibition assay, and subcellular analysis indicated its predominant localisation in the nucleus.

A Comprehensive Strategy Based on High Clinical Translational Nanosystem for Programmable Immunotherapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBCs), known as an immunologically cold tumor, is difficult to completely eliminate with existing monotherapies, let alone metastasis and recurrence. It is urgent to design a rational combination of multiple therapies to programmatically reconstitute tumor microenvironment (TME) and reverse the immune "cold" into "hot" inflammatory tumors to improve the therapeutic effect. Hence, in this work, a multifunctional nanosystem (FeSH NPs) that integrates metal-polyphenol coordination complex as a photothermal agent and polyphenol, salvianolic acid B (SAB) as immunomodulator is designed and fabricated for synergistic photothermal-immunotherapy of TNBCs combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody.

Proprotein convertase cleavage of Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 spike-like protein ORF46 is modulated by N-glycosylation.

Viral spike proteins undergo a special maturation process that enables host cell receptor recognition, membrane fusion, and viral entry, facilitating effective virus infection. Here, we investigated the protease cleavage features of ORF46, a spike-like protein in Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV-1) sharing similarity with spikes of Nidovirales members. We noted that during cleavage, full-length ORF46 is cleaved into ∼55-kDa and ∼100-kDa subunits.

Facile Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene glycol)--poly(amino acid)s by Relay Polymerization.

Poly(amino acid)s (PAAs) are one kind of favorable biopolymer that can be used as a drug or gene carrier. However, conventional ring-opening polymerization of PAAs is slow and needs a strict anhydrous environment with an anhydrous reagent as well as the product without enough high molecular weight (), which limits the expanding of PAAs' application. Herein, we took BLG-NCA as the monomer to quickly synthesize one kind of high amphiphilic copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)--poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamic acid) (PEG-PBLG), by relay polymerization with a simple one-pot method within 3 h in mild conditions (open air, moisture insensitive).

Kaempferol is a novel antiviral agent against channel catfish virus infection through blocking viral attachment and penetration .

Channel catfish virus (CCV, 1) is the causative pathogen of channel catfish virus disease, which has caused high mortality and substantial economic losses in the catfish aquaculture industry. Due to the lack of licensed prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic drugs, the prevention and control of CCV infection seem to remain stagnant. Active compounds from medicinal plants offer eligible sources of pharmaceuticals and lead drugs to fight against endemic and pandemic diseases and exhibit excellent effect against viral infection.

Recombinant surface display vaccine enhances the immersion immune effect against grass carp reovirus in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is subject to a hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), which can lead to mass mortality in grass carp culture, causing significant economic loss. Vaccination is the most promising strategy for the prevention of infectious diseases. Immersion vaccination is considered the most effective disease prevention method for juvenile fish because it can be implemented on many fish at once and administered without causing stress.

Heparan sulfate is the attachment factor associated with channel catfish virus infection on host cells.

Channel catfish virus (CCV; family ) infects channel catfish, causing great harm to aquaculture fisheries and economic development. Attachment is the first step in viral infection and relies on the interaction of virions with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The present study aimed to explored the role of the main three ECM components in CCV attachment.

Biodegradable covalent organic frameworks achieving tumor micro-environment responsive drug release and antitumor treatment.

The emergence of nanocarriers has greatly improved the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. As emerging nanocarriers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been increasingly used in biomedicine in recent years. However, due to their inherent chemical stability, existing COF nanocarriers hardly undergo degradation, which brings potential safety hazards to further applications.

Trait matching in a multi-species geographic mosaic of leafflower plants, brood pollinators, and cheaters.

Trait matching between mutualistic species is usually expected to maintain mutualism, but empirical studies of trait complementarity and coadaptation in multi-species assemblages-which represent the reality of most interactions in nature-are few. Here, we studied trait matching between the leafflower shrub and three associated seed-predatory leafflower moths ( spp.) across 16 populations.

Lysine-Sarcosine PiPo Functionalized Surface with Excellent Hemocompatibility.

Polysarcosine (PSar) is an electrically neutral and excellently hydrophilic polypeptoid showing limited interaction with proteins and cells, which possesses better biocompatibility compared with polyethylene glycol. However, the immobilization of PSar is difficult due to the high water solubility. Herein, lysine-sarcosine PiPo, which was the random copolymer of lysine and sarcosine (PLS), was synthesized via a phosgene-free and water-tolerable polymerization of -phenyloxycarbonyl-amino acids for the first time.

A facile theragnostic nano-platform for the effective treatment and real-time imaging of acute liver injury.

Acute liver injury (ALI), induced by an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes, remains a major concern for disease detection and drug screening. However, current clinical blood tests for ALI diagnostics are limited by delayed estimation, invasive and non-comprehensive visualization and false results from non-specific biomarkers. Moreover, it is difficult to give timely therapy to inhibit its progression and adjust treatment regimens in time.