Functional Study of the BMP Signaling Pathway in Appendage Regeneration of .

Appendage autotomy frequently occurs during the cultivation of , which severely impacts its survival and economic benefits. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying appendage regeneration in , this study presents a comparative transcriptome analysis on samples from different stages of appendage regeneration in individuals of the same family of . A total of 6460 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the samples collected at 0 h post-autotomy (D0) and those collected at 18 h post-autotomy (D18h).

[Clinical efficacy of demineralized dentin matrix particles in immediate implantation for bone defects in posterior region: a 1 to 5-year follow-up study].

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the short- to medium-term clinical efficacy of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) particles applied during the immediate implantation of alveolar bone defects in the posterior region.

Methods: A total of 76 patients with 110 simple taper retentive implants were included in the conducted study and divided into Groups A and B in accordance with the bone grafting materials. Cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiographs were taken immediately after implant surgery, immediate crown repair, and final follow-up time.

Muscle-targeting LNP vaccines enable potent immune responses against varicella zoster virus.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have shown considerable promise across a wide range of medical applications with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) emerging as the most clinically advanced mRNA delivery vehicles. However, the risk of off-target tissue delivery remains a concern, underscoring the need for diverse ionizable lipids to optimize LNP-based delivery systems. In this study, we designed and synthesized a library of 21 novel ionizable lipids and evaluated their potential for mRNA delivery.

Research landscape of photodynamic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Hotspots and Prospects from 2012 to 2025.

Objective: To explore the current status and future development of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, this field lacks a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. This study aims to investigate the research content and hotspots in PDT for liver cancer from 2012 to 2025, and to predict future research directions, providing references for subsequent studies.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers and Their Derivatives as a Promising Therapeutic Tool for Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activation of Mitophagy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor of the liver. Treatment programs according to its physiological and pathological characteristics have reduced the number of new cases and deaths of HCC, but the morbidity and mortality are still high, posing a significant threat to human health. In recent years, the importance of mitophagy in the treatment of HCC has gradually been recognized.

Arabidopsis RabGDIs mediate Rab targeting and are crucial for male gametophytic function.

Rab GTPases are key regulators of vesicular trafficking, not only switching between active and inactive forms but also cycling between donor/resident and target membranes, a process regulated by factors including guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RabGDIs), whose function is largely unknown in plants. By reverse genetic approaches, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis RabGDIs redundantly mediate male fertility such that the functional loss of RabGDIs compromises pollen development, germination, and directional growth of pollen tubes. By combining cellular and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that RabGDIs are critical for the targeting of Rab GTPases not only in secretory but also in vacuolar pathways.

Molecular Junction Polyoxotungstate-based Copper-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling.

The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of tertiary amines and terminal alkynes is a vital catalysis step in the manufacture of C─C bonds. The traditional thermal catalysis, utilizing noble metal salts or toxic solvents, generally results in relatively low atom economy or unmet sustainable development prospect. The challenge of the CDC reactions lies in the simultaneous activation of C─H bonds in terminal alkynes and formation of free radical activation of tertiary amines to achieve the C─C coupling, which calls for novel catalytic techniques and powerful catalysts.

A versatile miniature two-photon microscope enabling multicolor deep-brain imaging.

Here we present FHIRM-TPM 3.0, a 2.6 g miniature two-photon microscope capable of multicolor deep-brain imaging in freely behaving mice.

Hierarchically ordered porous transition metal compounds from one-pot type 3D printing approaches.

Solution-based soft matter self-assembly (SA) promises unique material structures and properties from approaches including additive manufacturing/three-dimensional (3D) printing. The 3D printing of periodically ordered porous functional inorganic materials through SA unfolding during printing remains a major challenge, however, due to the often vastly different ordering kinetics of separate processes at different length scales. Here, we report a "one-pot" direct ink writing process to produce hierarchically porous transition metal nitrides and precursor oxides from block copolymer (BCP) SA.

Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Hierarchically Heterostructured ZnCoO/ZnO Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

Three-dimensional hierarchically structured ZnCoO/ZnO (ZnCoO) composites have been prepared through a simple thermal treatment of ZnCo-bimetal MOF (ZnCo-MOF) precursors. We found that the solvothermal reaction temperature for preparing ZnCo-MOFs has an important influence on the composition and structure of the ZnCoO composites. When the temperature is 100 °C, ZnCoO-100 and ZnCoO-100-P (PVP added) present well-defined hierarchical cubic structures composed of loosely packed nanoplates and nanorods, in which ZnO is the major component.

Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) negatively regulates sand-diving behaviour in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus.

Kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) exhibits sand-diving behaviour. The genetic control mechanism of this behaviour is still unclear, although previous single-cell transcriptome sequencing suggests that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) may be involved. In this study, we cloned the CCAP precursor cDNA (Pj-CCAP) in kuruma shrimp.

Cu/CuO@polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotube conductive hydrogel for chloride ion removal in capacitive deionization.

CuO, as a cost-effective chloride ion (Cl) storage electrode material, has shown great potential in Cl removal applications. However, in the electrochemical process, CuO as the anode is easily oxidized and dissolved by free copper ions (Cu), leading to the loss of copper components and causing electrode performance degradation. In this work, we introduced a three-dimensional (3D) self-supporting polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotube (PVA/CNTs) conductive hydrogel as the carrier of CuO for capacitive deionization (CDI).

Hydrogel in musculoskeletal diseases: Unraveling trends, research foci, and future trajectories via bibliometric insights (from 2000 to 2025).

Introduction: Hydrogels, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, have emerged as promising materials for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, and bone injuries. Recent advancements in smart hydrogels and multifunctional composites have further broadened their applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, despite growing interest in this field, current reviews often lack systematic, data-driven insights into the evolving research landscape.

Study of microbubble defects in high-NA silicate-glass multi-core imaging fibers fabricated by the stack-and-draw method.

The fabrication of multicore imaging fiber (MCIF)/fiber bundle by the stack-and-draw method is favorable to achieve a hyperfine spatial imaging resolution without the rise of lattice defectw, such as core breakage and dislocation. MCIFs made of silicate glasses as host materials usually present a high numerical aperture (NA), lower bend loss, and low inter-core crosstalk, giving an excellent imaging capability. In this paper, we focus on the microbubble defect (MD) in the high-NA silicate-glass MCIF fabricated by the stack-and-draw method.

Benchmarking the light coupling efficiencies under varied-NA combinations between fibers and lenses.

Deploying fiber waveguides to collect light signals is one of the core functionalities behind numerous optical systems. Greater light-coupling efficiency is always being demanded for high-end waveguide-based devices and instrumentation. To provide practical element-selection advice for efficient coupling usages, we benchmark the free-space-to-fiber coupling coefficients under the case of varied numerical aperture (NA) combinations between fibers and lenses.

The macroecology of spines on woody plants.

Spines are a major ecological innovation supporting plant defence and diversification. Spine anatomy is diverse, having arisen in multiple plant lineages from many different plant organs and parts, which may differ in relative advantages across environmental gradients. Systematic analyses of the correlates of spiny plant diversity are limited, but climate and soil properties may be important.

Long-range diffusion for weakly camouflaged object segmentation.

Weakly supervised camouflaged object segmentation (WSCOS) aims to segment objects well embedded in surroundings via the supervision of sparse annotations. To compensate for the shortcomings of sparse annotations, existing methods design intricate loss functions with multiple regularization rules, not fully exploring the annotation information itself. Therefore, to address this issue, this paper proposes the long-range diffusion network (LRDNet) to diffuse the sparse annotations for improving WSCOS performance.

Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey.

Human motion video generation has garnered significant research interest due to its broad applications, enabling innovations such as photorealistic singing heads or dynamic avatars that seamlessly dance to music. However, existing surveys in this field focus on individual methods, lacking a comprehensive overview of the entire generative process. This paper addresses this gap by providing an in-depth survey of human motion video generation, encompassing over ten sub-tasks, and detailing the five key phases of the generation process: input, motion planning, motion video generation, refinement, and output.

Modification of G-CN by the Surface Alkalinization Method and Its Photocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignin.

The efficient depolymerization of lignin has become a key challenge in the preparation of high-value-added chemicals. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-based photocatalytic system shows potential due to its mild and green characteristics over other depolymerization methods. However, its inherent defects, such as a wide band gap and rapid carrier recombination, severely limit its catalytic performance.

Molecular cloning and characterization of duck CD83 and its effect on H9N2 avian influenza viruses replication.

Cluster of Differentiation 83 (CD83) is a multifunctional regulatory molecule that has been identified in several mammals, birds, and fishes; however, no reports have described CD83 in ducks to date. Given the important role ducks play in the transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), this study aimed to characterize the molecular features of duck CD83 (duCD83) and investigate its potential role during H9N2 AIV infection. We successfully cloned the coding sequence (CDS) and extracellular domain of duCD83 for the first time and expressed the recombinant protein in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells.

A Microsurgical Technique for Removing the Spermatheca of Bumblebee Females and Its Application.

To solve the technical bottleneck caused by the absence of a feasible method for removing the spermatheca in social insects, we developed a microsurgical technique specifically designed for bumblebee females. In this study, the invention of this technique is based on the anatomical characteristics of the sting chamber of bumblebees and uses a bespoke scalpel to precisely remove the spermatheca, which is small in size and deeply embedded within the body. During the removal operation, a small wound was observed and a small amount of hemolymph flowed out.

Differentiation of mtDNA Methylation in Tissues of Ridgetail White Prawn, .

In a previous study, we found that mitochondrial DNA methylation occurred in the muscle tissue of under starvation stress. To explore whether this phenomenon also existed in other tissues, we used the bisulfite method (BSP) to detect the methylation of the mitochondrial genome in the intestinal tissues, hepatopancreas, gills, eye stalks, muscles, heart, and other tissues before and after starvation. In situ hybridization and qPCR techniques were used to analyze the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b involved in methylation regulation in different tissues.

Fertilizer potential of hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase aerobically fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In this study, the hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase (HTC-AP) from municipal sludge (MS) was converted into liquid fertilizer via aerobic fermentation (AF) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (30 °C, 180 r/min, 6 % inoculum, 72 h). The fermented HTC-AP with an initial chemical oxygen demand of 50 g/L exhibited the optimal performance. It achieved 69.

AtHSP90.5 and AtFtsH12 synergistically regulate the accumulation of photosynthesis protein complexes and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.

The 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) is a central component of the chaperone system for protein homeostasis (proteostasis). In Arabidopsis, AtHSP90.5 is the sole chloroplast-localized HSP90 family member, yet its role in chloroplast proteostasis remains poorly characterized.

Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Sequencing Revealed Cellular and Molecular Changes in a Pilocarpine-Induced Epilepsy Rat Model.

Uncovering the underlying process of epileptogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies for epilepsy. However, the cellular and molecular changes throughout epileptogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed on the hippocampus, temporal cortex, and thalamus across the acute, latent, and chronic phases in a pilocarpine-induced rat model and controls.