Biosynthesis of very Long-chain fatty acids is required for Arabidopsis auxin-mediated embryonic and post-embryonic development.

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), being constituents of different types of lipids, are critical factors in plant development, presumably due to their impact on the endomembrane system. The VLCFAs are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum by a heterotetrameric enzymatic complex including β-ketoacyl CoA reductase 1 (KCR1), whose mutant is lethal. Here, we describe the ectopic shoot meristems (esm) mutant, a viable kcr1 allele presumably affecting surface properties of the KCR1 protein.

Exploring the incidence rate and imaging differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal lesions: an 11-year retrospective study based on 2,626 cases.

Background: There are many complex types of anterior mediastinal lesions, and preoperative differential diagnosis is difficult in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the incidence of different anterior mediastinal lesions and their differential diagnosis based on clinical and imaging features.

Methods: We examined the local incidence of anterior mediastinal lesions and their different types in 2,626 patients with anterior mediastinal lesions.

Development and validation of growth prediction models for multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules based on CT features, radiomics, and deep learning.

Background: The development of growth prediction models for multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) could help predict their growth patterns and facilitate more precise identification of nodules that require close monitoring or early intervention. Previous studies have demonstrated the indolent growth pattern of GGNs and developed growth prediction models; however, these investigations predominantly focused on solitary GGN. This study aimed to investigate the natural history of multiple pulmonary GGNs and develop and validate growth prediction models based on computed tomography (CT) features, radiomics, and deep learning (DL) as well as compare their predictive performances.

Biosensor-based dual-color droplet microfluidic platform for precise high-throughput screening of erythromycin hyperproducers.

Biosensor-based droplet microfluidic high-throughput screening is extensively utilized in engineering microbial cell factories for the efficient production of various natural products. Under ideal conditions, biosensors detect product concentrations in the environment and emit corresponding measurable signals. However, bacteria cell growth rates and gene expression are significantly regulated in response to fluctuating environments, leading to substantial heterogeneity in cell density and gene expression among different subpopulations.

TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling.

The phytohormone auxin (Aux) is a principal endogenous developmental signal in plants. It mediates transcriptional reprogramming by a well-established canonical signalling mechanism. TIR1/AFB auxin receptors are F-box subunits of an ubiquitin ligase complex; after auxin perception, they associate with Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors and ubiquitinate them for degradation, thus enabling the activation of auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors.

Enhancing the prediction of mutation status in Asian lung adenocarcinoma: a comprehensive approach combining clinical, dual-energy spectral computed tomography, and radiomics features.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a sub-type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is often associated with genetic alterations, including the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog () mutation. The mutation is particularly challenging to treat due to resistance to targeted therapies. This study aims to develop a predictive model for the mutation in patients with LUAD by integrating clinical, dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT), and radiomics features.

Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules: Upfront Surgery or Watchful Waiting?

Background: Patients with pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) of ≤ 2 cm in diameter and a consolidation to tumor ratio (CTR) of ≤ 0.25 have good postoperative prognoses, but their management remains controversial.

Research Question: Does upfront surgical intervention lead to higher survival than watchful waiting in patients with SSNs with diameter of ≤ 2 cm and CTR of ≤ 0.

Investigating the role of Na-bentonite colloids in facilitating Sr transport in granite minerals through column experiments and modeling.

Colloids play a crucial role in influencing the mobility of radionuclides in high-level radioactive waste repositories. However, the co-transport behavior of radionuclides and colloids in geological media remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated the transport of Strontium (Sr) in four types of granite minerals (quartz, biotite, K-feldspar, and plagioclase) in the presence and absence of Na-bentonite colloids (Na-BC) using column experiments.

A 16-year evaluation of opportunistic lung cancer screening with low-dose CT in China: comparative findings between non-smokers and smokers.

Background: Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening effectively reduces LC mortality in high-risk individuals with a history of smoking in China, the feasibility and efficacy of lung cancer screening (LCS) in individuals who never smoked versus individuals who smoked remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospective cohort studies at the National Cancer Center (NCC) in China from January 2006 to December 2022. A comprehensive LCS initiative was undertaken, involving 30,468 participants (54.

Establishment of a survival predictive model for patients with two synchronous multiple primary lung cancers: a multicenter cohort analysis.

Background: The prognostic predictors of the synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC) still remain unclear, and there is a lack of studies on the prognosis of SMPLC patients excluding those with multifocal ground-glass/lepidic (GG/L) nodules. The aim of this study is to develop an effective model for predicting survival of SMPLC patients.

Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, a total of 831 SMPLC patients presenting for lung cancer resection from January 2004 to January 2018 at five institutions were included for developing and validating a nomogram model.

Inter-observer consistency on subsolid nodule follow-up recommendation based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening.

Background: Follow-up management of pulmonary nodules is a crucial component of lung cancer screening. Consistency in follow-up recommendations is essential for effective lung cancer screening. This study aimed to assess inter-observer agreement on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline-based follow-up recommendation for subsolid nodules from low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening.

A prediction model based on computed tomography characteristics for identifying malignant from benign sub-centimeter solid pulmonary nodules.

Background: Distinguishing benign from malignant sub-centimeter solid pulmonary nodules (SSPNs) continues to be challenging in clinical practice. Earlier diagnosis is crucial for improving patient survival and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of malignant SSPNs and establish and validate a prediction model based on computed tomography (CT) characteristics to assist in their early diagnosis.

Differences and implications of strontium distribution coefficient on various granite compositional materials.

The distribution coefficient (K) of radionuclides is a crucial parameter in assessing the safety of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) geological repository. It is determined in the laboratory through batch and column experiments. However, differences in obtained K values from distinct experiments have not been thoroughly assessed and compared.

Hierarchical global and local auxin signals coordinate cellular interdigitation in .

The development of multicellular tissues requires both local and global coordination of cell polarization, however, the mechanisms underlying their interplay are poorly understood. In Arabidopsis, leaf epidermal pavement cells (PC) develop a puzzle-piece shape locally coordinated through apoplastic auxin signaling. Here we show auxin also globally coordinates interdigitation by activating the TIR1/AFB-dependent nuclear signaling pathway.

Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Anterior Mediastinal Tumors.

Background: Preoperative differentiation of the types of mediastinal tumors is essential. Magnetic resonance (MR) elastography potentially provides a noninvasive method to assess the classification of mediastinal tumor subtypes.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of MR elastography in anterior mediastinal masses and to characterize the mechanical properties of tumors of different subtypes.

The Battle for Accuracy: Identifying the Most Effective Grading System for Lung Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma.

Background: The prognostic analysis of lung invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is deficient due to the lack of a universally recommended histological grading system, leading to unregulated treatment approaches.

Objective: We aimed to examine the clinical trajectory of IMA and assess the viability of utilizing the existing grading system for lung invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in the context of IMA.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinicopathological data from 265 IMA patients.

Exploring Immune Redox Modulation in Bacterial Infections: Insights into Thioredoxin-Mediated Interactions and Implications for Understanding Host-Pathogen Dynamics.

Bacterial infections trigger a multifaceted interplay between inflammatory mediators and redox regulation. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that redox signaling plays a significant role in immune initiation and subsequent immune cell functions. This review addresses the crucial role of the thioredoxin (Trx) system in the initiation of immune reactions and regulation of inflammatory responses during bacterial infections.

Transformation of a Viral Capsid from Nanocages to Nanotubes and Then to Hydrogels: Redirected Self-Assembly and Effects on Immunogenicity.

The ability to manipulate the self-assembly of proteins is essential to understanding the mechanisms of life and beneficial to fabricating advanced nanomaterials. Here, we report the transformation of the MS2 phage capsid from nanocages to nanotubes and then to nanotube hydrogels through simple point mutations guided by interfacial interaction redesign. We demonstrate that site 70, which lies in the flexible FG loop of the capsid protein (CP), is a "magic" site that can largely dictate the final morphology of assemblies.

Predicting epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell lung cancer through dual-layer spectral CT: a prospective study.

Objective: To determine whether quantitative parameters of detector-derived dual-layer spectral computed tomography (DLCT) can reliably identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Patients with NSCLC who underwent arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) DLCT between December 2021 and November 2022 were subdivided into the mutated and wild-type EGFR groups following EGFR mutation testing. Their baseline clinical data, conventional CT images, and spectral images were obtained.