Stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive review.

Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a leading cause of cancer-related death globally, and a significant number of patients develop brain metastasis (BM) as the disease progresses. The presence of BM, which affects up to 60% of patients with NSCLC, is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis and markedly decreased quality of life. Standard treatment options for BMs, such as whole-brain radiation therapy and surgery, have displayed limited efficacy in controlling disease progression, and they can cause significant neurocognitive side effects.

Altered Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Functional Connectivity and Its Correlation with Retinal Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study.

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the predominant causes of irreversible blindness. Though the glaucomatous transneuronal degeneration pass through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the visual pathway, the functional changes associated with the LGN remains elusive. The current study aimed to investigate the seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) of the LGN and its correlation with retinal thickness in patients with POAG.

Establishment of a multi-parameter flow cytometry method to identify and characterize neutrophil extracellular traps.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like decondensed DNA filaments released by activated neutrophils, decorated with antimicrobial proteins such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase. Although several methods exist to evaluate NETs formation, including fluorescent microscopy or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and flow cytometry, each has inherent limitations that restrict widespread application. Given the increasing relevance of NETs in various pathophysiological contexts, we sought to develop a simple, specific, objective and cost-effective flow cytometry-based method to assess NETs both in vitro and in vivo.

The difference in the effect of methadone and protracted abstinence on the coupling among key large-scale brain networks of individuals with heroin use disorder: A resting-state fMRI study.

Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and protracted abstinence (PA) effectively reduce the craving for heroin among individuals with heroin use disorder (HUD). However, the difference in their effects on brain function, especially the coupling among the large-scale brain networks (default mode [DMN], salience [SN], and executive control [ECN] networks), remains unclear. This study analyzed the effects of the MMT and PA on these networks and the predictive value of the bilateral resource allocation index (RAI) for craving for heroin.

An Integrated Monolithic Synaptic Device for C-Tactile Afferent Perception and Robot Emotional Interaction.

C-tactile afferents are low-threshold mechanoreceptors that innervate the hairy skin of mammals, essential for emotional interactions. Replication of such a mechanism could facilitate emotional interactions between humans and embodied intelligence robotic systems. Herein, we demonstrate a monolithic synaptic device that replicates and integrates tactile sensing and neuromorphic processing functions for in-sensor computing.

Targeting lipid scrambling potentiates ferroptosis and triggers tumor immune rejection.

Despite advances in understanding the metabolic mechanisms of ferroptosis, the molecular events following lipid peroxide accumulation on the plasma membrane (PM) remain unclear. Herein, we identify TMEM16F as a ferroptosis suppressor at the executional phase. TMEM16F-deficient cells display heightened sensitivity to ferroptosis.

A glycogen derived from sea urchin- shifts macrophages to the M1 phenotype and enhances the anti-pancreatic cancer activity of gemcitabine.

One of the biggest obstacles to treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is chemotherapy resistance. Macrophages are an essential element of the innate immune system and are distributed in almost every tissue in the body. Among them, macrophages infiltrating into the tumor microenvironment negatively regulate tumor immunity and participate in the generation, invasion, migration and drug resistance of PDAC.

HLA-DR-Expressing γδ T Cells Facilitate the Anti-Leukemia Activity of αβ T Cells.

In addition to exhibiting significant cytotoxic capabilities, γδ T cells play a crucial role as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Although γδ T cells have been demonstrated to orchestrate interactions with other immune cells, their impact on αβ T cells in the setting of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unexplored. In this study, we found that functional deficiencies of αβ T cells were significantly associated with the downregulation of HLA-DR γδ T cells in patients newly diagnosed with AML.

2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol promoted adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through a retinoid X receptor α-dependent mechanism.

Mounting evidence suggests that certain environmental contaminants can influence adipogenesis and function as obesogens, many of which act by activating the key regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are ubiquitously detected in both environmental matrices and human samples, whereas their potential effects on lipid metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to assess the agonistic effects of SPAs on PPARγ, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), as well as their adipogenic potential.

Magnetogenetics inspired by animal Magnetoreception: ΔTRPV4 as a novel magnetogenetic actuator enabling remote neuromodulation of brain circuits.

Introduction: The discovery of a novel magnetic actuator is critical for the application of magnetogenetic technique. However, whether MagR can perceive magnetic fields is ambiguous in previous studies that evoked great interest and debate.

Material And Method: Here, the fusion protein ΔTRPV4 is constructed by genetically linking MagR to the C-terminus of truncated TRPV4, and the magnetic perception capacity of MagR is read out by TRPV4 cation channel characteristics in vitro and in vivo.

Neuropeptide S pathway in PTSD and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a multidimensional illness that seldom occurs alone: roughly 80 % of patients also meet criteria for anxiety, depression, chronic pain, substance-use, eating or cognitive disorders. Converging genetic, neurochemical and behavioural findings implicate the neuropeptide S (NPS) system-acting through its G-protein-coupled NPS receptor (NPSR)-as a common regulator of these diverse phenotypes. This narrative review surveys studies published 2000-2024 in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science that examine NPS/NPSR involvement in core PTSD features and typical comorbidities.

Unraveling the Role of Microcystin-LR in Ferroptosis and Sepsis Pathogenesis: A Comprehensive Review.

Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection, is characterized by acute onset, rapid progression, and high mortality. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is closely associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can exacerbate sepsis by causing multi-organ damage via the ferroptosis pathway.

Synaptic Transistors Using Backbone-Engineered D-A Conjugated Polymers for Real-Time Wearable Motion Cognition.

Organic neuromorphic electronics using conjugated polymers as an active layer attract a lot of attention, for that their synaptic plasticity can be easily tuned by tailoring of the molecular chain structures. Herein, we synthesize a series of conjugated polymers based on a backbone engineering strategy, using thiophene (T), selenophene (Se), bithiophene (BT) and terthiophene (TT) as donors and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as acceptor, i.e.

Numerical analysis of power- and temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation in varicose vein treatment.

This study investigates radiofrequency ablation (RFA) parameters for varicose vein treatment using a three-dimensional mathematical model operating at 470 kHz. The model evaluates how power settings, temperature thresholds, blood flow velocity, and electrode spacing influence therapeutic efficacy and tissue safety. Findings demonstrate that higher power and temperature settings, combined with lower blood flow rates, enhance venous wall heating while minimizing extraluminal tissue damage.

Blockade of Dopamine D3 Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Mitigates Fear Memory Generalization.

The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes survival in complex and dynamic environments. While generalization has adaptive value, fear generalization is maladaptive and is a significant feature of stress-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The dopamine system plays a crucial role in both reward- and fear-related processes; however, the contribution of dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) to fear generalization in intense foot-shock models remains unclear.

IRAS/Nischarin is associated with attenuated deficit of cognition during morphine abstinence in mice.

Opioid withdrawal leads to impairments in cognitive functions that are now recognized as a major negative consequence and a key target for intervention in drug addiction. Imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS) protein is a candidate for the I1 imidazoline receptor. Studies have revealed that IRAS plays an important part in the development of morphine tolerance and dependence.

Intermedin improves aging-associated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction via mitochondrial SIRT3-mediated SOD2 deacetylation.

The aging-associated cardiac remodeling (AACR) is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction, which could be further aggravated by angiotensin II (Ang II) and pressure-overload in aged people. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of intermedin (IMD), an endogenous peptide, in AACR in aged mice (18 months) with subcutaneous Ang II infusion (1000 ng/kg/min) for 2 weeks via osmotic pump or transverse abdominal aorta constriction (AAC) surgery for 4 weeks. In aged mice undergoing Ang II infusion or AAC surgery, the results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of IMD were significantly reduced, but the protein levels of its receptor complex components were increased; blood pressure (BP), myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction were notably aggravated; mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) protein level, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity and ATP production were remarkably decreased, but acetylated SOD2 (acSOD2) protein level was markedly increased when compared with the old mice.

Cross-cohort multi-omics analysis identifies novel clusters driven by EMT signatures in colorectal cancer.

Introduction: The pronounced heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly impacts patient prognosis and therapeutic response, making elucidation of its molecular mechanisms critical for developing precision treatment strategies. This study aimed to systematically characterize tumor cell heterogeneity and explore its clinical implications.

Methods: Five single-cell RNA sequencing cohorts were integrated (comprising 70 CRC samples and 164,173 cells) to systematically analyze tumor cell heterogeneity.

ZnO NPs: A Nanomaterial-Based Fertilizer That Significantly Enhanced Salt Tolerance of Fisch and Improved the Yield and Quality of Its Root.

Fisch. is an important economic plant. With its wild populations on the brink of extinction and the area of salinized soil increasing sharply, farmers have gradually used saline soil to carry out artificial cultivation of the licorice.

Fermentation initiated by lactic acid bacteria coupled with improved the gelatinous suitability of rice.

The directed fermentation protocol consisting of lactic acid bacteria and yeast was established, which was further employed for improving the suitability of rice for preparing gel, the directed fermentation interfered the pasting characters of Gui Chao rice, which was conducive to the progress of pasting for rice and the resistance of retrograding for corresponding gel. In addition, the rheological properties of gels presented a slight variation as the corresponding Gui Chao rice was subjected to directed fermentation, remarkably, the Gui Chao rice fermented by and presented a favorable gel characteristic with the elevated hardness (617.33 ± 5.

The anti-hyperuricemia effects of polysaccharide from Saccharina japonica through gut-kidney axis.

Hyperuricemia (HUA), a global health burden affecting adults, drives progressive renal dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Current therapies exhibit limited efficacy and renal toxicity, necessitating safer multi-target agents. Here, we characterize a marine-derived heteropolysaccharide (SHP) from Saccharina japonica and demonstrate its pleiotropic anti-hyperuricemia effects.

Hippocampal transcriptome profiling associated with post-traumatic stress disorder-like behaviors in male mice.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative changes in mood and cognition, and hyperarousal. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying PTSD remain poorly understood. In the present study, a mouse model simulating PTSD was established through a modified single prolonged stress (SPS) in conjunction with plantar shock (SPS+shock).

The Formation and Transformation of Colloidal Clusters under Alternating-Current Electric Fields.

Colloidal particles have long served as both model systems for atoms and molecules as well as fundamental building blocks for advanced functional materials. While anisotropic particles are often considered necessary for creating complex structures, we have previously demonstrated that simple microspheres can also form nontrivial colloidal clusters under alternating-current electric fields. However, the mechanisms behind the formation of different clusters remain unclear.

Comprehensive analysis of salicylic acid-derivatized alginate: Synthesis, characterization, and anti-acne potential.

Salicylic acid (SA) is commonly utilized in the early treatment of acne due to its therapeutic efficacy. However, its clinical performance is hindered by limited aqueous solubility, stability and potential for irritation. This study addresses these challenges through deriving SA with alginate (SA-g-Alg) based on a complementary advantages strategy, designed to retain the bioactivity of SA while mitigating its drawbacks.