ApoE4 Upregulates GSK-3β to Aggravate Alzheimer-Like Pathologies and Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Background: The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are independent risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. The T2DM patients carrying the ApoE ε4 allele exhibit heightened activation of platelet glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a key downstream kinase in the insulin signaling pathway, along with more severe cognitive deficits. This observation suggests an intrinsic link between ApoE ε4, GSK-3β, and cognitive dysfunction.

Comparing the effects of transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography on stress injury, pain mediators in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Background: We compared the differences in the effects of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on hemodynamics, inflammatory stress response, and pain mediators in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods: 204 patients with severe AS treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in our hospital were selected as the research subjects from January 2022 to February 2024. Among them, 109 patients received TTE (TTE group), and another 95 received TEE (TEE group).

Quercetin alleviates acute pancreatitis by modulating glycolysis and mitochondrial function via PFKFB3 inhibition.

Objective: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory disease associated with dysregulated glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of quercetin, a novel PFKFB3 inhibitor, in modulating glycolysis and mitochondrial function to alleviate AP.

Methods: We conducted homology analysis of the PFKFB3 protein and identified quercetin as a potential inhibitor through molecular docking.

Soft reconfigurable logic gates with high-frequency electrical switching.

The development of functional soft materials has motivated replacing rigid electronics with stretchable logic structures. However, soft logic gates for macroscopic soft robots usually operate at low frequencies (<5 hertz). Here, we present high-frequency soft logic gates based on soft electric switches with ultralow latency (2 milliseconds).

dHG-5 Exhibits Dual Efficacy of Anti-Metastatic and Anti-hypercoagulability in Mice by Inhibiting Heparanase and Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway.

Introduction: Cancer metastasis and associated thrombosis are significant contributors to cancerrelated mortality, necessitating therapeutic strategies that simultaneously address both issues. This study aimed to evaluate the dual anti-metastatic and anti-hypercoagulability properties of dHG-5, a low-molecular-weight fucosylated glycosaminoglycan derived from the sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata.

Methods: The heparanase-inhibitory and anticoagulant effects of dHG-5 were assessed in vitro using biochemical assays.

Identification and validation of an explainable machine learning model for vascular depression diagnosis in the older adults: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Vascular depression (VaDep) is a prevalent affective disorder in older adults that significantly impacts functional status and quality of life. Early identification and intervention are crucial but largely insufficient in clinical practice due to inconspicuous depressive symptoms mostly, heterogeneous imaging manifestations, and the lack of definitive peripheral biomarkers. This study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for VaDep to serve as a clinical support tool.

Iron supplementation protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major contributor to delayed graft function in kidney transplantation. However, the role of iron in the pathogenesis of renal IR injury and its impact on graft outcomes remains unclear, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated a positive correlation between elevated iron levels and improved renal allograft outcomes both in adult and children kidney transplant patients.

Flemiphilippinin A induces paraptosis in lung cancer cells via c-Myc-driven endoplasmic reticulum stress and CHOP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: Lung cancer persists as the foremost malignancy in terms of both incidence and mortality on a global scale. Paraptosis, a unique type of regulated cell death, differs from apoptosis in its reliance on protein synthesis and its morphological hallmarks, characterized by cytoplasmic vacuole formation and distension of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or mitochondrial swelling. Flemiphilippinin A (Flp-A), a bioactive compound isolated from Flemingia prostrata, exhibits potent antitumor activity against lung cancer.

Synaptic Transistors Using Backbone-Engineered D-A Conjugated Polymers for Real-Time Wearable Motion Cognition.

Organic neuromorphic electronics using conjugated polymers as an active layer attract a lot of attention, for that their synaptic plasticity can be easily tuned by tailoring of the molecular chain structures. Herein, we synthesize a series of conjugated polymers based on a backbone engineering strategy, using thiophene (T), selenophene (Se), bithiophene (BT) and terthiophene (TT) as donors and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as acceptor, i.e.

A novel autologous material for the surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease: the outer plate of the prepuce.

Background: Peyronie's disease (PD), a connective tissue disease, is characterized by the formation of fibrous lesions or plaques in the tunica albuginea. Many PD patients rely on surgical treatment methods. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using the outer plate of the prepuce to repair the defect of the corpus cavernosum after plaque enucleation in patients with PD.

Targeting PFKFB3 to restore glucose metabolism in acute pancreatitis via nanovesicle delivery.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory disease frequently accompanied by disturbances in glucose metabolism, which further complicate the disease prognosis. This study aims to explore the role of PFKFB3, a key glycolytic enzyme, in regulating glucose metabolism in AP and assess the potential of PFKFB3 inhibition via nanovesicle delivery to mitigate metabolic dysfunction.

Methods: Transcriptomic data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing, were analyzed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in glucose metabolism dysregulation in AP.

Mechanically Matched Heart-on-a-Chip Platform Mediated Maturation of Excitation-Contraction Coupling.

Heart-on-a-chip (HOC) platforms play a pivotal role in cardiac research, yet existing models suffer from mechanical mismatch between the soft myocardial tissue, sensors, and substrate, leading to impaired myocardial function and compromised data capture. Here, we introduce a mechanically matched HOC to address these challenges by mimicking the Young's modulus of the myocardial bilayer, including the elastic epicardium (30-70 kPa) and soft extracellular matrix (28-37 kPa). A process based on liquid-gas phase transition-induced porosification was developed, which introduces porosity into polydimethylsiloxane through controlled tetradecane phase transition, allowing for a tunable reduction in Young's modulus.

Pou2f3 Modulates Mosquito Host-Seeking Behavior by Regulating Skin Microbiota and Their Production of Volatiles: Implications for Eco-Friendly Pest Control Strategies.

Skin microbiota-derived volatile metabolites are critical for mosquito host-seeking and disease transmission. Similar volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-mediated mechanisms may apply to agricultural pests (e.g.

Basal Forebrain to Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamatergic Pathway Promotes Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.

Recent evidence highlights the importance of glutamatergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) in promoting cortical activity; however, whether BF glutamatergic neurons are involved in regulating general anesthesia and the underlying neural circuits remains unclear. Here, we showed that the activity of BF glutamatergic neurons decreased during the induction of isoflurane anesthesia and restored during the emergence in mice. Optogenetic activation of these neurons significantly enhanced cortical activation, accelerated behavioral emergence, and improved physiological indicators in both male and female mice under isoflurane anesthesia.

Tannic acid-mediated surface engineering of CNTs for enhanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis.

Developing stable and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions is essential for rechargeable metal-air batteries. Here, we reported a facile surface modification strategy of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as air electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries (ZABs). By leveraging the versatile binding affinity of tannic acid with metal ions and carbon surfaces, the CNTs surface was coated with a uniform, thin layer of nitrogen-doped carbon featuring atomically dispersed cobalt.

Exploring the potential mechanisms of m6A modification in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome: a bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification is critical in various pathological conditions, yet its role in the ARDS microenvironment, particularly at the single-cell level, remains poorly understood.

Methods: Single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing datasets were sourced from the GEO databases.

Evaluation of vascular cognitive impairment and identification of imaging markers using machine learning: a multimodal MRI study.

Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is prevalent but underdiagnosed due to its heterogeneous nature and the lack of reliable diagnostic tools. Machine learning (ML) enhances disease evaluation by enabling accurate prediction and early detection from complex data. This study aimed to develop ML models to detect VCI using clinical data and multimodal MRI, and to explore the associations between imaging markers and cognitive function.

Enhanced nuclear information fusion and visual transformer for pathological breast cancer image classification.

Breast cancer poses a significant threat to women's health. Early diagnosis using pathological images is crucial for effective treatment planning. However, the low resolution of pathological images poses significant challenges for the extraction of valid information, while their high complexity greatly increases the difficulty of image analysis.

The role of the supramammillary nucleus-medial septum glutamatergic pathway in mediating the effects of isoflurane anesthesia.

Background: Glutamatergic neurons in the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) have been recently identified as a key node in arousal system, yet their role in regulating general anesthesia remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to study the role of the glutamatergic supramammillary neurons and their projections to the medial septum in mediating the effects of isoflurane anesthesia.

Methods: Fiber photometry recording was used to determine the changes in calcium signals of glutamatergic neurons in the SuM during isoflurane anesthesia.

A robust automated segmentation method for white matter hyperintensity of vascular-origin.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a primary manifestation of small vessel disease (SVD), leading to vascular cognitive impairment and other disorders. Accurate WMH quantification is vital for diagnosis and prognosis, but current automatic segmentation methods often fall short, especially across different datasets. The aims of this study are to develop and validate a robust deep learning segmentation method for WMH of vascular-origin.

The Impact of Omicron-related Stress on Mental Health in the General Population of China.

Background: Outbreaks of infectious disease represent unique stressors for the general population. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mental health symptoms and associated risk factors in the general population of China during the Omicron wave.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and large sample online survey during the surge of Omicron cases between 17 December 2022 and 8 January 2023 among Chinese citizens.

Complementary Repair Therapy as a Trending Topic in Discogenic Pain: A Bibliometric Study Over the Past 40 Years.

Background And Aims: Bibliometric analysis has been frequently employed for visualizing trends within a particular scientific domain. The pain associated with discogenic origins has a significant impact on one's quality of life, but there is currently a lack of bibliometric analysis in the literature. Hence, this study aimed to examine related research in the field and identify the latest topics that are currently trending by conducting a bibliometric analysis.

A Short-Chain Hydrophilic Ligand for the Preparation of Cu/AgNMs.

Many innovations have been made in the morphology and preparation methods of copper-silver core-shell nanomaterials (Cu@AgNMs). The most commonly used method for preparing Cu@AgNMs is to perform a replacement reaction by adding a complexing agent, but there is no universally accepted method to select a complexing agent. This study found that the best complexing agent for preparing Cu@AgNMs is a short-chain complexing agent containing hydrophilic groups through the role of different complexing agents in the synthesis of the material, and the higher the stability of the short-chain hydrophilic complexing agent, the better the integrity of the resulting silver layer.