Cancer patient-derived organoids: Novel models for the study of natural products.

Organoids are multicellular organ models that are self-organized and derived from stem cells or primary tissues in specific three-dimensional (3D) environments. Cancer patient-derived organoids (CPDOs) retain key characteristics of the original tumor, including genomic, epigenetic, and metabolic profiles, while accurately recapitulating the human tumor microenvironment (TME) - closely mirroring features observed in patient tumors. Compared to traditional cell lines and animal models, CPDOs offer significant advantages, making them increasingly valuable for cancer research and precision medicine.

Comparison of intravascular imaging, physiological assessment and angiography for coronary revascularization in acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The optimal percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technique to treat acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires further investigation. This network meta-analysis evaluated the effects of physiological assessment and intravascular imaging techniques on the prevalence of adverse cardiac outcomes following PCIs.

Methods: We reviewed PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for the purpose of identifying all randomized control trials published up to October 30, 2024, comparing the impact of intravascular imaging, physiology assessment, or angiography techniques on outcomes.

Mitochondrial genome of eight Carangidae and phylogenetic analysis in the family.

The Carangidae family is a prime focus for both deep-sea fishing and aquaculture. However, taxonomic controversies have limited Carangidae research. This study assembled the mitochondrial genomes of eight Carangidae species using second-generation sequencing and bioinformatics, then performed phylogenetic analyses.

Post-Surgery Loneliness and Its Influencing Factors in Elderly Patients With Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To investigate the status of postoperative loneliness and factors influencing it in elderly patients with breast cancer.

Methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted between 1 January 2022 and 31 October 2024 in our hospital to screen 229 elderly patients with breast cancer after surgery who met the inclusion criteria. The patients' general information was collected, and their General Alienation Scale, Fear of Disease Progression Scale (short form; FoP-Q-SF), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10), Social Support Scale (PSSS), Social Constraints Scale (SCS) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) scores were compared.

Oxyimperatorin Suppresses the Pathologies of Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Growth of Synovial Organoids Through Targeting the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Oxyimperatorin (OIMP) is a coumarin extracted from the roots of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Bai Zhi (Angelica dahurica). This study aimed to investigate the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of OIMP in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CCK-8, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and EdU assays were performed to evaluate the effects of OIMP on the functions of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs).

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals SPP1 facilitates disease progression via interaction with CD4 T cells.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive form of cancer, characterized by limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Immunological therapy is an emerging and promising strategy that has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes and extend the survival of patients with ICC. The role of CD4 T cells in the development of cancer has attracted attention in previous years.

Molecular characterization of HSP70, HSP90a, expression responses and biochemical changes in yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn 1782) under temperature stress.

This study investigates the molecular characteristics and expression profiles of heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90a, and HSP90a1) and biochemical changes in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) under acute temperature stress. The full-length cDNA sequences of these HSPs were cloned and analyzed, revealing open reading frames encoding 639, 730, and 724 amino acids, respectively, each containing conserved motifs indicative of their roles in the stress response. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that AlHSP70 was predominantly expressed in the kidney, while AlHSP90a and AlHSP90a1 exhibited highest expression levels in the heart of healthy adult males.

Gate-Controlled Ultrafast Interlayer Carrier Flow in Gr/MoS Heterostructures.

The manipulation of interlayer and interfacial carrier transport in heterostructures represents a fundamental challenge in the design of next-generation optoelectronic devices. In this work, we employ ultrafast spectroscopy to investigate gate-tunable carrier dynamics in a prototypical van der Waals heterostructure: a vertically stacked molybdenum disulfide (MoS)/graphene (Gr) system. This material system has emerged as a promising platform for atomically thin optoelectronics due to its unique electronic properties.

Potential Impact of Maternal Nighttime Light Exposure and Its Interaction With Sociodemographic Characteristics on the Risk of Various Congenital Heart Diseases.

Background: Although maternal exposure to artificial light at night has shown negative associations with pregnancy outcomes, its impact on the risk of congenital heart disease remains unclear. This study examined the association between maternal exposure to artificial light at night during pregnancy and occurrence of congenital heart disease in offspring, considering potential interactions with sociodemographics.

Methods: We included newborns diagnosed prenatally with congential heart disease and healthy volunteers from 21 cities in southern China.

Compromised efferocytosis during aging is related to COVID-19 severity in mice.

Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In older individuals, a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection contributes to disease severity; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we established an aging mouse model of COVID-19, successfully replicating the development of a relatively severe disease in older adults.

Viral polymerase-host interaction analysis reveals that the association between avian NUP93 and PB1 promotes H5N6 avian influenza virus replication.

The H5N6 avian influenza virus, a highly pathogenic strain, poses a significant threat to poultry production and public health. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (comprising PB1, PB2, and PA proteins) and nucleoprotein of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses interact with avian host proteins, influencing the efficiency of viral RNA synthesis and severity of infection. To comprehensively understand how H5N6 avian influenza virus interfaces with host cellular mechanisms during infection and replication, it is essential to identify which host proteins physically associate with viral polymerase proteins.

Identification and functional analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in Trachinotus ovatus: Transcriptomic response to environmental and pathogenic stress.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a class of enzymes that perform a wide range of biological functions, particularly playing central roles in detoxification, antioxidant processes, and protecting against environmental and pathogen stresses. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of the GST gene family in Trachinotus ovatus, identifying a total of 14 GST genes. Their chromosomal distribution, characterization, evolutionary relationships, evidence of positive selection were studied in detail.

The role of environmental access to exercise opportunities in cardiovascular mortality: evidence from a nationwide study.

Background: Environmental access to exercise opportunities plays a crucial role in determining the level of physical activity within a population. However, it is unclear how environmental factors contribute to disparities in physical activity and health outcomes. We explored the associations between county-level access to exercise opportunities and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality across US counties.

Exploring the biological mechanisms of severe COVID-19 in the elderly: Insights from an aged mouse model.

The elderly population, who have increased susceptibility to severe outcomes, have been particularly impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to a global health crisis. However, definitive parameters or mechanisms underlying the severity of COVID-19 in elderly people remain unclear. Thus, this study seeks to elucidate the mechanism behind the increased vulnerability of elderly individuals to severe COVID-19.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the White-spotted spinefoot Siganus canaliculatus.

The White-spotted spinefoot S. canaliculatus, is an economically important marine fish in South China and featured by possessing poisonous glands in its fin spines. However, the unavailability of the S.

Activating Wnt1/β-Catenin signaling pathway to restore Otx2 expression in the dopaminergic neurons of ventral midbrain.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Currently, aside from levodopa, there are no other effective drugs clinically available to slow its progression. Otx2 plays a critical role in the differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) during midbrain development.

Identification of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene family of Trachinotus ovatus and expression analysis in response to Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptocaryon irritans.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade various protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These enzymes play a role in multiple biological and pathological processes, including tissue remodeling, growth, trauma repair, defense mechanism, and immune response. However, their role in immune response in Trachinotus ovatus is still unclear.

Revealing a Nonlinear Photocurrent in the Graphene/MoS Heterostructure via Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy.

Heterostructures composed of graphene (Gr) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) establish a new platform for optoelectronic applications. A substantial amount of research has concentrated on the interfacial charge transfer (CT) within heterostructures, yet investigations into the nonlinear effects occurring within these heterostructures have been relatively scarce. Utilizing terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy, we demonstrate the synergistic interaction between interfacial CT and nonlinear photocurrent within the Gr/MoS heterostructure.

Chromosome-scale genomes of ecologically and economically important rabbitfish Siganus guttatus and Siganus oramin.

Siganus guttatus and Siganus oramin are two major species that are naturally distributed along the Eastern Pacific coast and possess considerable ecological and economic value. Here, we present the construction and comparative analysis of the chromosome-level genomes of these two Siganus species. Employing a hybrid assembly strategy, we partitioned and independently assembled the PacBio, Illumina and Hi-C reads of S.

Fates of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of red pitaya pulp upon in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

Health benefit effects of bioactive compounds depend on their bioavailabilities, which could vary according to factors including food matrix and digestion environment. To understand the "bioaccessible" health benefit of red pitay pulp, the INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal (GI) digestion model and targeted metabolomics method were applied to unravel the fates of bioactive compounds in the whole food of red pitaya pulp during GI digestion. The antioxidant activity as one of the health benefit indices was also assessed to compare the changes in bioactive properties of red pitaya pulp.

Comparison of immediate and staged complete revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel coronary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The optimal timing of complete revascularization (CR) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and multivessel disease (MVD) is still debated. The safety and efficacy of immediate and staged CR (ICR vs. SCR) in this patient group were thus compared.

Low voltage electrostatic field combined with ice-temperature to improve the quality of litchi during storage.

Litchi is popular among consumers due to its delicious taste, however, the extremely short shelf life limits its commercial value. Few studies have been conducted to develop new technologies to extend the shelf life of litchi. Therefore, this study applied a novel technique (low voltage electrostatic field, LVEF) combined with ice-temperature (0 °C) treatment on litchi and evaluated its quality characteristics during storage.

Phosphorylation of S-S-S Motif in Nuclear Export Protein (NEP) Plays a Critical Role in Viral Ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) Nuclear Export of Influenza A and B Viruses.

The phosphorylation of three highly conserved serine residues S23, S24, and S25 (S-S-S motif) has been previously identified in NEP of influenza virus. However, it remains obscure whether and how this motif regulates the vRNPs nuclear export. Here the influenza A H5N6 viruses harboring NEP S23C, S24L, or S25L is generated, allowing to impair the phosphorylation on these sites without mutating viral NS1 protein.

Covalent DNA-Encoded Library Workflow Drives Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Nonstructural Protein Inhibitors.

The COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbated by persistent viral mutations, underscored the urgent need for diverse inhibitors targeting multiple viral proteins. In this study, we utilized covalent DNA-encoded libraries to discover innovative triazine-based covalent inhibitors for the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL, Nsp5) and the papain-like protease (PL) domains of Nsp3, as well as novel non-nucleoside covalent inhibitors for the nonstructural protein 12 (Nsp12, RdRp). Optimization through molecular docking and medicinal chemistry led to the development of , a nonpeptide 3CL inhibitor with an IC of 0.