Integrated network pharmacology, metabolomics and experimental validation to reveal the pharmacological substances and mechanism of Wendan decoction on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Wendan Decoction (WDD), a classic formula for the expectoration of phlegm, has been acknowledged for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nevertheless, the therapeutic components and mechanism of WDD in COPD remain elusive. Hence, an analytical strategy for extensive investigation of the constituents in WDD combining UFLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS and subsequent network pharmacology was conducted, and the appropriate preparation of bio-samples was involved with mechanistic bioanalysis including multi-technique metabolomics and molecular biological means, that pivotal factors such as PTGS2, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were recommended as potential central elements for the anti-COPD effects.

Investigating serum NRF2 as a screening biomarker and potential therapeutic target in diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) levels and the severity of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and to identify potential risk factors in severe DFU patients. Understanding this relationship could offer insights into mechanisms underlying DFU progression and inform diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 195 DFU patients from January 2023 to May 2024, categorized into mild and severe groups using the Wagner classification system.

InstructSee: Instruction-Aware and Feedback-Driven Multimodal Retrieval with Dynamic Query Generation.

In recent years, cross-modal retrieval has garnered significant attention due to its potential to bridge heterogeneous data modalities, particularly in aligning visual content with natural language. Despite notable progress, existing methods often struggle to accurately capture user intent when queries are expressed through complex or evolving instructions. To address this challenge, we propose a novel cross-modal representation learning framework that incorporates an instruction-aware dynamic query generation mechanism, augmented by the semantic reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs).

A Suturable and Drug-Free Polyzwitterionic Hydrogel for Alleviating Scar Formation After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery.

Glaucoma stands as a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) is the main surgical approach for its treatment. However, postoperative inflammation or immune responses can stimulate excessive scar formation, compromising surgical outcomes and potentially leading to complications such as uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP).

Enlarged choroid plexus is associated with reduced gray matter volumes and increased plasma amyloid-beta: a population-based study of older adults.

Objectives: To characterize brain structures and plasma Alzheimer's-related biomarkers associated with enlarged choroid plexus (ChP) among rural older adults in China.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 1115 older adults (age ≥ 60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China, who underwent structural brain MRI scans (3.0 T) in 2018-2020; of these, plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration, i.

Efficacy of hybrid blood purification for SA-AKI subtypes identified by CCL14: study protocol for a single-centre randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a commonly encountered complex heterogeneous syndrome in critically ill patients with sepsis. Under the interaction of genotype and pathogenic factors, SA-AKI can lead to various clinical phenotypes and subphenotypes, and this heterogeneity complicates the assessment of the efficacy of treatment measures for sepsis in clinical trials. Early identification of SA-AKI high-risk patients with specific subphenotypes and timely implementation of supportive treatments may improve adverse outcomes for these patients.

Alveolar solitary fibrous tumor: an uncommon morphological form.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a fibroblastic tumor characterized by a prominent staghorn vasculature and collagen deposition. However, little is known about SFTs with alveolar structures. Herein, we present a case of an alveolar pattern SFT in a 55-year-old woman.

Natural Tooth Count and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Temporomandibular Joint Pain.

Purpose: The study aimed to explore the relationship between tooth count and sleep quality and duration in the elderly, investigating the potential mediating role of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain in this relationship.

Methods: Using data from the China Health and Longevity Longitudinal Survey (CLHLS), a cohort analysis was conducted on 5941 older Chinese adults. Multivariate linear regression and mediation analysis were applied to assess the associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, and comorbidities.

Association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and memory function mediated by brain Gray matter volumes: a cross-sectional study using the ADNI database.

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with gray matter volumes (GMVs) in memory-related regions, but its relationship with memory function and the mediating role of GMVs remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether eGFR levels are associated with memory function and whether GMVs mediate this association.

Methods: This study utilized data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

Quantifying optimal inner limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery: a machine learning framework for predictive modeling and schematic visualization.

Purpose: Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in macular hole (MH) surgery is critical but challenging, and current practices lack standardized tools for quantifying and visualizing optimal peeling dimensions.This study aimed to develop a machine learning framework to recommend surgeon-specific ILM peeling radius during macular hole surgery, integrating predictive modeling with schematic visualization to guide operative planning.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 95 patients with idiopathic MH who underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling.

Long-term adiposity in early adulthood affects coronary artery calcification incidence in midlife: a 25-year longitudinal study.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate longitudinal adiposity exposure, assessed by body roundness index (BRI), from young adulthood and its association with the risk of coronary artery calcification (CAC) incidence in midlife.

Methods: We included 2102 participants from the CARDIA study with available BRI measurements at eight follow-up visits over 25 years. Cardiac computed tomography at year 25 exam was used to assess the presence of CAC (CAC > 0).

Deoxygenative Functionalization of Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds via Electrochemical Reduction.

Oxygen-containing functional groups are prevalent motifs in natural products and feedstock chemicals, but direct methods for their deoxygenative transformation remain rare due to the difficult cleavage of the strong C-O bond. Here, we develop a general activation strategy that employs hydrosilanes as activating reagents for alcohols, carbonyls, and esters to afford a common silyl ether intermediate. Electrochemical reduction of the in situ generated silyl ether results in C-O cleavage to afford a carbanion, which reacts with a number of electrophiles for the construction of C-Si, C-B, C-Ge, and C-Sn bonds.

Pre-pregnancy treatment of semaglutide improves high-fat-diet-induced placental and fetal hypothalamic alterations in a sex-specific manner in rats†.

Introduction: The impact of obesity on pregnancy outcomes and offspring health has received increasing attention. Semaglutide have been shown to have significant effects on weight management. This study aims to evaluate whether Pre-pregnancy Semaglutide Intervention (PpSI) improves maternal metabolic disorders before and during pregnancy, affects placental function and fetal hypothalamic neuropeptide expression during late-gestation and its underlying mechanisms.

Pre-prescription review system improves prescription safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in pediatric outpatients: a western China study.

Objective: The study's objective is to investigate the prescription rationality rate, time efficiency, and estimated economic benefits of a pre-prescription review system (PPRS) in pediatric outpatients in a 5-year retrospective study in western China.

Method: This retrospective before-after study compared data from two phases: pre-intervention phase (2019: PPRS not yet implemented), and post-intervention phase (2020-2023: PPRS fully operational). The study evaluated three key endpoints: primary endpoint was the prescription rationality rate; the secondary endpoints were time efficiency (interval from prescription to drug dispensing) and suggested economic benefits (estimated benefit-cost ratio).

New trends and hotspots in sepsis-related protein post-translational modification: a bibliometric and visual analysis.

Background: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a severe threat to human health. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving multiple physiological and pathological processes. Protein post-translational modification (PTM) play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of sepsis by regulating inflammation, immune responses, and organ dysfunction.

Impact of allogeneic dental pulp stem cell injection on tissue regeneration in periodontitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Periodontitis causes the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, and current therapies for periodontal regeneration are invasive. In this study, a human dental pulp stem cell (DPSC; hDP-MSC) injection was developed to promote periodontal regeneration through a non-invasive procedure. A total of 132 patients with chronic periodontitis (158 teeth) from two centers in China were included.

STK25 Loss Augments Anti-PD-1 Therapy Efficacy by Regulating PD-L1 Stability in Colorectal Cancer.

Tumor immune evasion is intricately linked to malignant tumor progression and contributes to the failure of anti-cancer immunotherapy. Serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) has been previously implicated in the progression of various neoplastic diseases. However, the function of STK25 in the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment remains unclear.

Effects of Aquatic Therapy on Gait Symmetry and Muscle Properties Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

The objective of this pilot study was to compare the effects of aquatic therapy and land-based rehabilitation on gait symmetry and muscle properties following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The study comprised 20 postoperative ACLR patients in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were divided into 2 groups: an aquatic therapy group (n = 10) and a land-based rehabilitation group (n = 10).

Disruption of ZC3H15 compromises telomere length maintenance by entrapping telomerase within cajal bodies.

Background: Telomere homeostasis is pivotal in various biological processes including ontogeny, reproduction, physiological aging, and the onset of numerous diseases such as tumors. In human stem cells and approximately 85% of tumor cells, telomerase formed by TERT and TERC RNA complex is responsible for elongating telomeres. However, the intricate and precise regulatory mechanisms governing telomerase remain largely elusive.

Dynamic kinetic resolution of phosphines with chiral supporting electrolytes.

The synthesis of enantiopure compounds is a central focus in organic chemistry owing to the prevalence of chiral centres in biological systems and the impact of homochirality on molecular properties. With growing recognition of electrochemistry as a powerful tool to improve the scope and sustainability of organic synthesis, increasing efforts have been directed towards developing asymmetric electrocatalytic reactions to access challenging chiral molecules. However, many useful electrochemical reactions rely on direct electrolysis without a catalyst, making them inherently difficult to render enantioselective.

Osimertinib induces prolongation of action potential duration via downregulation of KCNN1 expression: Exploring the potential mechanisms of arrhythmia.

Background: Compared with earlier generations of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the third-generation agent osimertinib demonstrates superior efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and has become the first-line treatment, but is associated with more pronounced cardiotoxicity, especially arrhythmia.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the potential proarrhythmic effects of osimertinib.

Methods: We investigated osimertinib's effects on cell viability, structure, and electrophysiological properties of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using cell viability assays, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, and optical mapping.

Prepregnancy GLP-1RA use improves maternal lipid metabolism via liver-secreted FGF21 during pregnancy in HFD-fed dams.

Objective: Obesity in women of childbearing age disrupts lipid metabolism in pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of prepregnancy glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use on lipid metabolism during pregnancy.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study with 42 participants was employed to analyze the impact of prepregnancy GLP-1RA use on lipid metabolism during pregnancy in women with obesity.

Substrate topography-induced osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells by reducing the chromatin accessibility of YBX1.

Stem cell fate is profoundly influenced by a complex interplay of biochemical and biophysical cues, with the latter increasingly recognized for its roles in cellular processes, yet the mechanisms are unclear. Since chromatin accessibility is a critical determinant in the processes of osteogenesis and bone repair, investigating the contributions of open chromatin regions (OCRs) to the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by topographical cues, which lead to osteogenic differentiation is highly valuable. This study explores the impact of the nanotopography of biomaterials on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs).

MTCH2 Deficiency Promotes E2F4/TFRC-Mediated Ferroptosis and Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis to Sorafenib.

Ferroptosis is a specific type of lipid peroxide-mediated cell death which is crucial in tumor suppression. While the mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) is implicated in lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial metabolism, its role in ferroptosis and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncharacterized. Here, MTCH2 is identified as a crucial regulator of ferroptosis in CRC progression.

Development of an ensemble prediction model for acute graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic transplantation based on machine learning.

Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major post-transplantation complication and one of the most significant causes of non-relapse-related death. However, the massive and complex clinical data make aGVHD difficult to predict. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, has since been introduced in medicine due to its ability to process complex, high-dimensional variables quickly and capture nonlinear relationships.