Neural correlates of rumination and social anxiety: Mediating role of vmPFC connectivity in resting-state fMRI.

Rumination is closely associated with social anxiety and is considered a key cognitive factor in its onset and persistence. Both processes engage brain functions related to self-referential cognition and emotional regulation; however, the neural pathways linking rumination and social anxiety remain incompletely understood. Using resting-state neuroimaging data from 470 participants, we conducted voxel-based functional connectivity analysis focusing on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a key region implicated in self-referential processing and affective regulation.

The Causal Role of the Gut Microbiota-Plasma Metabolome Axis in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Pathogenesis: A Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Analysis.

Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), a group of chronic hematologic neoplasms, are driven by inflammatory mechanisms that influence disease initiation and progression. Emerging evidence highlights the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome as pivotal immunomodulators, yet their causal roles in MPN pathogenesis remain uncharacterized.

Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to systematically evaluate causal relationships between 196 gut microbial taxa, 526 plasma metabolites, and MPN risk.

MetaMBP: Few-Shot Multilabel Prediction of Bioactive Peptides Based on Deep Metric Meta-Learning.

Bioactive peptides are highly specific and have low toxicity, making them a promising treatment option. There are many different types of bioactive peptides, while some types have limited samples (under 500). Methods that can handle limited types of bioactive peptides are needed to enhance the predictive ability of multilabel tasks with few sample categories.

Chinese herbal formula Huoxiang Zhengqi Qral liquid for atopic dermatitis: The CHARM randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is an unmet treatment need and a lack of efficacy evidence for Huoxiang Zhengqi (HXZQ) oral liquid for atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objectives: To assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of HXZQ therapy in adult Chinese patients with AD or eczema.

Methods: In the CHARM study (a multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial), randomized participants with mild AD or eczema received HXZQ or a placebo for 4 weeks randomly.

High-power gas switches triggered by GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches with low self-triggering probability and μJ lasers.

As avalanche gallium arsenide photoconductive semiconductor switches (GaAs PCSS) operate under high-voltage and high-current environments, the switches suffer from serious self-triggering problems. This paper proposes a novel sidewall triggering method to mitigate the self-triggering effect of avalanche GaAs PCSS. Compared with the traditional planar triggering method, the self-triggering probability of GaAs PCSS triggered by the sidewall method is reduced from 5.

Novel Role of Gut-Derived Roseburia Intestinalis in Safeguarding Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Microenvironment Homeostasis During Arsenic Exposure.

As a well-known metalloid, arsenic usually causes human intestinal disorders via contaminated drinking water. However, the mechanisms underlying how arsenic induces intestinal injury remain unresolved, and the effective means of intervention are very limited. By establishing an acute arsenic exposure animal model, this work shows that arsenic disrupts the mechanical, chemical, immunological, and biological barriers of the intestine, and thereby changes the microenvironment in the gut.

LABind: identifying protein binding ligand-aware sites via learning interactions between ligand and protein.

Protein-ligand interactions are crucial for understanding various biological processes and drug discovery and design. However, experimental methods are costly; single-ligand-oriented methods are tailored to specific ligands; multi-ligand-oriented methods are constrained by the lack of ligand encoding. In this study, we propose a structure-based method called LABind, designed to predict binding sites for small molecules and ions in a ligand-aware manner.

Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance-derived myocardial segmental motion curve complexity metrics for recovery ability in post-myocardial infarction patients.

Background: Predicting myocardial functional recovery post-myocardial infarction remains a significant challenge. Researchers are currently exploring myocardial recovery potential by examining myocardial strain characteristics. This study hypothesizes that complexity metrics, which assess waveform randomness, reflect myocardial recovery capacity, hold prognostic value, and may aid in differentiating recovery states.

Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma: a case study of the youngest surgical patient.

Background: Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. The tumor often presents without specific clinical symptoms or detectable signs for a definitive diagnosis. The vast majority of ESC RCC are sporadic, with a few associated with tuberous sclerosis.

Single-photon detection enabled by negative differential conductivity in moiré superlattices.

Detecting individual light quanta is essential for quantum information, space exploration, advanced machine vision, and fundamental science. In this work, we introduce a single-photon detection mechanism using highly photosensitive nonequilibrium electron phases in moiré materials. Using tunable bands in bilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride superlattices, we engineer negative differential conductance and a sensitive bistable state capable of detecting single photons.

Defect-Rich Porous Cu with Abundant Cu(100) for Acidic CO Electroreduction in Membrane Electrode Assembly.

Acidic electrocatalytic CO reduction (CORR) faces slow C-C coupling kinetics and dominant hydrogen evolution, resulting in low C yields and selectivity. Here, the porous copper nanosheets (pCu NS) are reported with abundant Cu(100) and defect sites for efficient acidic CORR to C products. In a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the pCu NS electrodes achieved a remarkable 75.

Fuzheng Jiedu granules for high-risk adults with COVID-19: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial.

Background: Fuzheng Jiedu granules (FZJD) is widely used for COVID-19 in China, with early studies indicating reduced mortality in severe cases. However, with emerging variants and shifted treatment focus on preventing severity and relieving symptoms, high-level clinical evidence, especially for high-risk patients, remains lacking.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial (ChiCTR2200058181 ) was performed to assess FZJD's efficacy and safety in high-risk adults with non-severe COVID-19.

AACDR: Integrating Graph Isomorphism Networks and Asymmetric Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Cancer Drug Response Prediction.

Predicting cancer drug response is critical for the development of personalized treatments, as it helps identify optimal therapeutic options for cancer patients. Due to the limited scale of clinical trial data, previous research has focused on preclinical data, often overlooking the distribution discrepancies between these data. To address this issue, a cancer drug response prediction method with asymmetric adversarial domain adaptation (AACDR) is introduced.

[Expert consensus on evaluation index system construction for new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) from TCM clinical practice in medical institutions].

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators.

The mechanism of action in Mussaenda pubescens (Yuye Jinhua) against influenza A virus: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.

Background: Influenza A virus (IAV) is recognized as a predominant etiological agent responsible for severe contagious diseases in both humans and animals, characterized by elevated pathogenicity and mortality rates. Mussaenda pubescens (Yuye Jinhua, YYJH), a traditional medicinal herb known for its anti-inflammatory and detoxifying properties, has been predominantly utilized in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities to manage influenza virus infections. However, the standalone therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of YYJH against IAV infection remain insufficiently clarified.

Depression links to unstable resting-state brain dynamics: insights from hidden markov models and functional network variability.

Background: Depression is closely associated with abnormalities in brain function. Traditional static functional connectivity analyses offer limited insight into the temporal variability of brain activity. Recent advances in dynamic analyses enable a deeper understanding of how depression relates to temporal fluctuations in brain activity.

Prediction of pathogenic mutations in human transmembrane proteins and their associated diseases via utilizing pre-trained Bio-LLMs.

Missense mutations can disrupt the structure and function of membrane proteins, potentially impairing key biological processes and leading to various human diseases. However, existing computational methods primarily focus on binary pathogenicity classification for general proteins, with limited approaches specifically designed for membrane proteins, and even fewer methods capable of fine-grained, multi-label classification for specific disease categories. To address this gap, we proposed MutDPAL, a deep learning method specifically designed to identify pathogenic mutations in membrane proteins and further classify such pathogenic mutations into potential diseases categories.

Investigating the role of tumor cell heterogeneity and angiogenesis genes in the prognosis of multiple myeloma.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic malignancy characterized by high tumor cell heterogeneity, which significantly impacts the clinical prognosis of patients. Angiogenesis and the molecular features of tumor cells play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance. This study aims to explore the impact of tumor cell heterogeneity and angiogenesis-related genes on the prognosis of MM.

Causal Relationship Between Depression and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and depression are major global health burdens, yet their bidirectional causal relationship remains unclear.

Objective: To explore the causal relationship between depression and TBI, and to clarify whether depression is one of the potential risk factors for TBI and whether TBI is one of the pathogenic factors for depression.

Methods: This bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis investigated causal relationships between depression (n = 170,756) and TBI (n = 3193) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics.

Flexible Moisture-Electric Generator Based on Vertically Graded GO-rGO/Ag Films.

Moisture-electricity generators (MEGs) hold great promise for green energy conversion. However, existing devices focus on the need for complex gradient distribution treatments and the improvement in output voltage, overlooking the important role of the graphene oxide (GO) oxidation degree and the response time and recovery time in practical application. In this work, we develop printed MEGs by synthesizing reduced graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle (rGO/Ag) composites and controlling the GO oxidation degree.

Iridium Cluster Decoration on Amorphous Cobalt Oxide-Coated Carbon Nanotubes for High-Performance Lithium-Oxygen Battery Cathodes.

Lithium-oxygen batteries hold great promise for next-generation energy storage due to their exceptionally high theoretical energy density. However, their practical application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics associated with the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, resulting in severe voltage polarization and limited cycling stability. Herein, a simple solvent thermal reaction and a one-step reduction reaction is developed, where amorphous cobalt oxide (CoO) is uniformly coated on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and further decorated with highly dispersed iridium (Ir) clusters.

Deformed One-Dimensional Covalent Organic Polymers for Enhanced CO Electroreduction to Methanol.

Spatially arranged molecular catalysts in polymeric frameworks, typically in a layered structure, are emerging strategies to mitigate the molecular aggregation and improve the catalytic performance. However, the effect of local coordination induced by polymerization remains underexplored. Here, we develop one-dimensional cobalt-tetra-amino-phthalocyanine-based covalent organic polymers (1D-COP) for the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR).

MMSol: Predicting Protein Solubility with an Antinoise Multimodal Deep Model.

Protein solubility plays a critical role in determining its biological function, such as enabling proper protein delivery and ensuring that proteins remain soluble during cellular processes or therapeutic applications. Accurate prediction of protein solubility with computational methods accelerates the development of therapeutically relevant proteins and industrial enzymes. However, existing models do not fully account for the interaction of multimodal information and are limited by label noise in protein solubility experimental data.

Construction of a PANoptosis-Related Gene Signature for Diabetic Nephropathy.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for DN based on PANoptosis-related genes.

Methods: PANoptosis-related differentially expressed gene (DEGs) associated with DN were identified in the GSE96804 and GSE142025 datasets.

Macrophage regulated cell death: implications and mechanisms in organ transplantation.

Organ transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage organ failure, but long-term graft survival remains suboptimal due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and transplant rejection. The immune microenvironment, especially macrophages, plays a key role in these processes. Various forms of regulated cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis) in macrophages significantly influence transplant rejection by mediating cellular communication and shaping the immune microenvironment.