Endoscopic Ultrasound-Based Differentiation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is one of the most critical imaging modalities for evaluating pancreatic masses, providing high-resolution visualization of the pancreas. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of digital image analysis (DIA) in differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in solid pancreatic tumors observed via EUS. A retrospective analysis was conducted on all solid pancreatic tumors examined by EUS procedures from 2018 to 2023, including cases with confirmed pathological diagnoses of PDAC and PNEN.

Titanium Clip and Dental Floss Traction Assisted Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Resection for Early Gastric Cancer.

Endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) is used to diagnose and treat early gastrointestinal tumors. ESD allows for curative resection of superficial gastrointestinal lesions, with the advantage of treating multiple lesions in a single session and performing repeated procedures when necessary. However, ESD operations require a large field of view, and when bleeding occurs, the restricted space may make it difficult to locate and control the bleeding site in a timely manner.

Construction of a PANoptosis-Related Gene Signature for Diabetic Nephropathy.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to develop a diagnostic model for DN based on PANoptosis-related genes.

Methods: PANoptosis-related differentially expressed gene (DEGs) associated with DN were identified in the GSE96804 and GSE142025 datasets.

Preventing Hemorrhage After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Using Polysaccharide Hemostatic Materials.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive procedure that is widely used for the treatment of early gastric cancer and certain submucosal tumors. ESD often results in large artificial ulcers, leading to a risk of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, which is a significant complication. Traditional methods to address this bleeding include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), local hemostatic sprays, hemostatic clips, electrocoagulation, etc.

hijacks FABP2 to activate quorum-sensing signals and aggravate Crohn's disease by inducing gut dysbiosis.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by intestinal dysbiosis. While inflammation-induced leakage of host proteins is a known phenomenon in CD, how these proteins affect the gut microbiota and contribute to dysbiosis remains unclear. One hypothesis is that commensal bacteria hijack these proteins, exacerbating inflammation in CD.

Ginsenoside in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications: a promising traditional chinese medicine.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic condition commonly observed in adults, particularly among the elderly, is characterized by a dysfunctional insulin response that impairs blood glucose regulation, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia. Ginseng, a medicinal plant with significant economic value and a longstanding history of therapeutic use in Asia, has shown efficacy against various diseases. Extensive clinical and experimental studies highlight ginsenosides, its primary bioactive compounds, for their multiple therapeutic effects across a range of conditions, including endocrine, cardiovascular, and central nervous system disorders.

A statistical approach to screening isotopic signatures in monitoring for underground nuclear explosions.

The ability to differentiate between atmospheric radionuclide signatures from underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) and signals from other sources, such as medical isotope-production facilities and nuclear reactors, can be critical to the detection and monitoring of unannounced, low-yield nuclear events. Signatures having anomalously high amplitudes, compared to background levels, remain the best indicator in screening for a UNE. However, isotopic composition can further validate a suspected UNE signature, but separation from any atmospheric background composition is first necessary.

Recombinant neurotrophin-3 with the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier: A new strategy against Alzheimer's disease.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limitations of Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). NT-3, a critical neurotrophic factor, plays essential roles in hippocampal neuron growth, survival, and synaptic plasticity, making it a promising candidate for AD treatment. However, its clinical application is hindered by its inability to cross the BBB.

Efficacy of real-time artificial intelligence-aid endoscopic ultrasonography diagnostic system in discriminating gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyomas: a multicenter diagnostic study.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent the most prevalent type of subepithelial lesions (SELs) with malignant potential. Current imaging tools struggle to differentiate GISTs from leiomyomas. This study aimed to create and assess a real-time artificial intelligence (AI) system using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images to differentiate between GISTs and leiomyomas.

A chemo-mechanical model for describing sorption hysteresis in a glassy polyurethane.

Hysteretic sorption and desorption of water is observed from 0 to 95% relative humidity and 298-333 K on a glassy polyurethane foam. It is postulated that sorption-induced swelling of the glassy polyurethane increases the concentration of accessible hydrogen-bonding adsorption sites for water. The accessibility of sites is kinetically controlled due to the restricted thermal motions of chains in the glassy polymer, causing a difference in accessible site concentrations during sorption and desorption.

Upregulation of circRNA_0023685 promotes gastric cancer progression via a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been extensively studied for their critical roles as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we focused on the expression, function and molecular mechanism of circRNA_0023685 in gastric cancer (GC) to provide new ways for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Firstly, a novel differentially expressed circRNA, circRNA_0023685, was identified, and its differential expression in GC plasma, tissue, and cell lines was further verified by RT-qPCR.

Exploring the challenge of early gastric cancer diagnostic AI system face in multiple centers and its potential solutions.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) performed variously among test sets with different diversity due to sample selection bias, which can be stumbling block for AI applications. We previously tested AI named ENDOANGEL, diagnosing early gastric cancer (EGC) on single-center videos in man-machine competition. We aimed to re-test ENDOANGEL on multi-center videos to explore challenges applying AI in multiple centers, then upgrade ENDOANGEL and explore solutions to the challenge.

Acetylation coordinates the crosstalk between carbon metabolism and ammonium assimilation in Salmonella enterica.

Enteric bacteria use up to 15% of their cellular energy for ammonium assimilation via glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in response to varying ammonium availability. However, the sensory mechanisms for effective and appropriate coordination between carbon metabolism and ammonium assimilation have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that in Salmonella enterica, carbon metabolism coordinates the activities of GS/GDH via functionally reversible protein lysine acetylation.

Predictive value of ferroptosis-related biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease: a prospective observational study.

Aims: To explore the predictive value of ferroptosis-related (FR) biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled patients with T2DM at the Second Hospital of Jilin University between December 2021 and March 2022. DKD was measured by the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

Never-in-Mitosis A-Related Kinase 8 (NEK8) Regulates Adipogenesis, Glucose Homeostasis, and Obesity.

Background: Adipogenesis is a complex biological process and the leading main cause of obesity. We evaluated the role of never-in-mitosis A-related kinase 8 (NEK8) in adipocyte development and insulin sensitivity in the present study.

Methods: NEK8 expression was manipulated using a specific shRNA or the NEK8-full-length expressing recombinant plasmids.

Evaluation of subsurface transport processes of delayed gas signatures applicable to underground nuclear explosions.

Radioactive gas signatures from underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) result from gas-migration processes occurring in the subsurface. The processes considered in this study either drive or retard upward migration of gases from the detonation cavity. The relative importance of these processes is evaluated by simulating subsurface transport in a dual-permeability medium for the multi-tracer Noble Gas Migration Experiment (NGME) originally intended to study some aspects of transport from a UNE.

Muse cells decrease the neuroinflammatory response by modulating the proportion of M1 and M2 microglia .

Neuroinflammation hinders repair of the central nervous system (CNS). Stem cell transplantation is a very promising approach for treatment of CNS injuries. However, it is difficult to select seed cells that can both facilitate nerve regeneration and improve the microenvironment in the CNS.

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein: A rising therapeutic target in lipid metabolism.

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are key proteins in lipid transport, and the isoforms are segregated according to their tissue origins. Several isoforms, such as adipose-FABP and epidermal-FABP, have been shown to participate in multiple pathologic processes due to their ubiquitous expression. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein, also termed FABP2 or I-FABP, is specifically expressed in the small intestine.

Cerebral Ischemic Complications After Surgical Revascularization for Moyamoya Disease: Risk Factors and Development of a Predictive Model Based on Preoperative Nutritional Blood Parameters.

Objectives: Cerebral ischemic complications are common after revascularization in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Risk factors from specific laboratory variables have only been assessed by limited research. This study was to investigate the association between postoperative cerebral ischemia and nutritional blood parameters and examine predictive values of such risk factors in adults.

Glutamate dehydrogenase enables Salmonella to survive under oxidative stress and escape from clearance in macrophages.

Oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a biological threat to bacteria, which induce the synthesis of proteins and production of antioxidants to combat it. Herein, we report that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Salmonella can assimilate ammonium into glutamate and promote the generation of glutathione (GSH) to combat oxidative damage. Oxidation induces the transcription of gdhA, which encodes GDH, and activates the enzymatic activity of GDH.