[Post-aging comparative study of snowplow and conventional techniques for the resin restoration of defective primary teeth].

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the differences in shear bond strength, marginal adaptation, and nano-microleakage after aging among snowplow, layered filling, and lining techniques applied to the resin-bonded restoration of defective primary teeth.

Methods: In this study, 51 freshly extracted, crown-intact primary anterior teeth and 30 primary molars were collected. The experimental groups were as follows: layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group.

FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells.

Determining the critical elements in melanoma stem cell growth could aid in preventing the development of malignant cancer. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how FBXO31 affects the stemness, invasion, and migratory properties of melanoma stem cells. Side population (SP) cells with tumor stem cell characteristics were sorted from A375 melanoma cells.

Use of the PaO/FiO ratio in acute pulmonary embolism: a simple and reliable parameter to predict the risk stratification.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a common pulmonary vascular disease with its incidence rising year by year. Accurate diagnosis and early risk stratification of patients with APE are crucial for treatment follow-up, especially for patients with intermediate-to-high and high-risk. The aim of this study is to explore the value of blood gas parameters, especially arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO/FiO) ratio (P/F ratio), in evaluating the risk stratification of APE.

A novel Minimally-Invasive technique for Non-Traumatic postoperative adhesive Syringomyelia.

Purpose: Current surgical options for treating non-traumatic adhesive syringomyelia, particularly in patients with a history of previous spinal canal surgery, lack clear standardization and frequently lead to common complications such as recurrent adhesions, tube disconnections, and neurological injuries related to myelotomy, resulting in the need for multiple revision surgeries. This study aims to introduce a novel, minimally invasive technique of modified subarachnoid-subarachnoid (S - S) bypass procedure for syringomyelia associated with postoperative arachnoid adhesions and to prospectively evaluate its surgical outcomes.

Methods: This prospective study included 11 consecutive patients with syringomyelia related to postoperative arachnoid adhesions who underwent modified S-S bypass surgery, with a mean follow-up period of 18.

Ultrathin Aromatic Polyamide Membranes with Tunable Microporosity for Molecular Sieving.

Advanced membrane technology for the separation and purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) requires improvement in both membrane materials and manufacturing processes to achieve the high rejection of macromolecular solutes combined with high permeance for organic solvents in pharmaceutical industry. Here, we report a novel approach to preparing aromatic polyamide membranes (PAMs) with tunable microporosity and micropore size via modulator-assisted interfacial polymerization. Enhanced microporosity, increased micropore size, and higher pore interconnectivity of PAMs are achieved by adding ethanol to the aqueous phase to regulate interfacial polymerization, which can be demonstrated through experiments and molecular simulations.

Comprehensive Benchmark Dataset for Pathological Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Sections.

Advances in optical microscopy scanning have significantly contributed to computational pathology (CPath) by converting traditional histopathological slides into whole slide images (WSIs). This development enables comprehensive digital reviews by pathologists and accelerates AI-driven diagnostic support for WSI analysis. Recent advances in foundational pathology models have increased the need for benchmarking tasks.

Respiratory mucosal vaccination of platycodin-functionalized biomimetic nanovaccines for amplifying immune response.

Stimulating respiratory immunity helps protect from infection, mitigate disease severity, and curtail transmission. Nonetheless, the majority of current nanovaccines are unable to elicit strong mucosal and systemic immunity owing to suboptimal formulations. Inspired by natural pathogens, we developed virus-like biomimetic nanovaccines in which the heparan sulfate-modified liposome layer (SH-Lip) mimics the "capsid", while platycodin with varying glycosyl side chain structures (PD, PD3, PE) functions as the exposed "spike proteins" to boost immune response and antigen delivery.

Layer-by-Layer Growth of an Oriented Tetraphenylethylene-Based MOF Thin Film for Fluorescence Sensing.

The development of the orientation-growth metal-organic framework (MOF) materials is of significant importance for fluorescence sensing. Herein, a new oriented tetraphenylethylene-based MOF thin film of the Cu fluorescence sensor is reported. The resulting MOF ZnTCBPE (TCBPE, 4',4″,4‴,4‴'-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetrabiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid) thin film prepared by using a liquid-phase epitaxial layer-by-layer growth method has high growth orientation, homogeneous surface, and intense photoluminescence.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Critical Role of SEC16B in Lung Metastasis of Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is highly malignant and easily prone to lung metastasis. The mechanisms of lung metastasis in OS remain unclear. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) samples in this study included six primary osteosarcoma samples (published in-house data), two lung metastasis samples (GSE152048), and four normal bone tissue samples (GSE169396).

Recent advances in engineered exosome-based therapies for ocular vascular disease.

Ocular neovascular diseases (ONDs), including corneal neovascularization (CoNV), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), are among the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies predominantly involve intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, which, despite their efficacy, present significant limitations such as drug resistance, frequent intravitreal injections, and insufficient addressing of underlying pathological mechanisms. This review critically examines recent advancements in the application of exosomes as innovative drug delivery platforms for treating ocular neovascular diseases.

Natural history of Chiari I malformation-syringomyelia: longitudinal cohort study.

Background: The natural history of clinically stable patients with Chiari I malformation (CM-I)-syringomyelia is uncertain. To understand their outcomes, we examined conservatively managed CM-I-syringomyelia patients' long-term clinical and radiological courses.

Methods: We enrolled 156 mild CM-I-syringomyelia cases (Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score ≥13) managed non-surgically between 1994 and 2014 and followed them periodically until December 2024 for significant progressive myelopathy that we termed 'obvious deterioration'.

Thrombospondin 2 drives liver metastasis in skin cutaneous melanoma via regulation of angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling.

To explore the functional role of thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) in the metastasis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), with a focus on its regulation of angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. THBS2 expression was assessed in normal melanocytes and SKCM cell lines with varying metastatic potential. Functional analyses were conducted after THBS2 knockdown in A375 cells and overexpression in G-361 cells.

The peripheral cysts sign of ovarian thecoma-fibroma groups: Incidence and diagnostic value.

Aims: To investigate the incidence of the peripheral cysts sign of ovarian thecoma-fibroma groups (OTFGs), and to discuss the value of the peripheral cysts sign in the diagnosis of OTFGs.

Methods: A total of 112 patients with surgically proven fibromas and fibrothecomas were screened consecutively from January 2016 to December 2022. Peripheral cysts were recognized in 25 patients (Group A) but were absent in the remaining 87 patients (Group B).

TP-Transformer: An Interpretable Model for Predicting the Transformation Pathways of Organic Pollutants in Chemical Oxidation Processes.

Chemical oxidation is pivotal in remediating organic pollutants in aquatic systems; however, it frequently yields transformation products (TPs) with potential toxicological profiles surpassing those of the parent pollutants. Comprehensive identification of these TPs is imperative for environmental risk assessment and optimization of oxidation methodologies. Traditional experimental approaches for TP elucidation are often hindered by substantial financial and technical constraints, limiting their applicability in high-throughput scenarios.

Exploring causal plasma protein level ratios and potential drug targets for depression: A proteomics Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The rising prevalence of depression imposes a heavy burden on individuals and society. Due to the complex pathogenesis of depression, there is a need to explore new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as drug targets.

Methods: This study selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with depression and 2821 plasma protein level ratios to serve as instrumental variables (IVs).

Amide proton transfer-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of testicular spermatogenic function: a preliminary study.

Purpose: To determine the amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging features in testes with age, and to assess the feasibility of APTw magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing testicular spermatogenic function.

Methods: A total of 23 male patients with clinically confirmed hypospermatogenesis caused by epididymo-orchitis were included in the case group (group A) and another 93 men (age range, 20-80 years) were included in the control group. The control group was divided into four subgroups: group B1 (20-34 years, n = 25), group B2 (35-49 years, n = 23), group B3 (50-64 years, n = 21), and group B4 (65-80 years, n = 24).

Tunable Hydrated Channels in Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for Seawater Desalination.

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) are instances of pressure-driven membrane desalination processes (PMDs), which have been extensively employed for seawater desalination due to their great efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, the PMD process is usually limited to thin-film composite polyamide membranes, despite enormous research efforts in recent decades. Here, light-controlled RO COF membranes are developed by using a defect-engineered strategy to chemically rivet spiropyran units into COF channels.

Gastrointestinal tumor personalized immunotherapy: an integrated analysis from molecular genetics to imaging biomarkers.

The immunotherapy landscape for gastrointestinal (GI) tumors is rapidly evolving. There is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers capable of predicting treatment outcomes to optimize therapeutic strategies and enhance patient prognosis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of biomarkers associated with the immunotherapy response of GI tumors, covering advances in molecular genetics, histopathological markers, and imaging.

MVNMF: Multiview nonnegative matrix factorization for radio-multigenomic analysis in breast cancer prognosis.

Radiogenomic research provides a deeper understanding of breast cancer biology by investigating the correlations between imaging phenotypes and genetic data. However, current radiogenomic research primarily focuses on the correlation between imaging phenotypes and single-genomic data (e.g.

Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on signaling mechanisms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles, which contribute significantly to neuroinflammation, a central driver of disease pathogenesis. The activation of microglia and astrocytes, coupled with the complex interactions between Aβ and tau pathologies and the innate immune response, leads to a cascade of inflammatory events. This process triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, exacerbating neuronal damage and fostering a cycle of chronic inflammation that accelerates neurodegeneration.

Disrupted interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disrupted interhemispheric cooperation. However, the relationship between structural and functional alterations in interhemispheric cooperation in patients with MDD remains unclear. We investigated the associations between voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and radial diffusivity (RD) within the corpus callosum (CC) and their links to depressive symptoms in patients with MDD.

Explaining disparities in robot applications among nations and regions: A cross-level lens of cultural tightness-looseness.

In this study, we aim to explain the large disparities among countries and regions on industrial robot application in terms of robot density and robot growth. Based on the premise that people in all cultures have the same potential for innovation, we propose a cross-level lens of cultural tightness-looseness to predict that, in the nascent robotics industry where rules and regulations are underdeveloped (i.e.

Mechanisms and novel therapeutic roles of bitter taste receptors in diseases.

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) are expressed in the oral cavity, intestine, airways, and vascular smooth muscle, where they regulate physiological processes, including immune responses. However, the activation of TAS2R triggers signaling pathways that influence inflammation, metabolism, and cell proliferation, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, asthma, and cancer. Bitter compounds capable of activating TAS2R have shown potential in modulating these pathways, presenting novel opportunities for drug development.

Evaluating the efficacy and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has the potential to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). To assess the efficacy (response/remission/post-treatment continuous anxiety severity scores) and acceptability (failure to complete treatment for any reason) of NIBS, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (as of April 2024) for articles on NIBS for GAD and conducted a network meta-analysis of eight randomized trials (20 treatment arms, 405 participants). Data were pooled using standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI).