Curcumin modulates tracheal epithelial cell autophagy in asthma by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway via SCGB3A2.

Background And Objective: Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease, presents a significant global health burden. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which curcumin modulates tracheal epithelial cell autophagy in asthma, with a specific focus on its interplay with SCGB3A2 and the NF-κB pathway.

Methods: An in vitro asthma model was mimicked using 16HBE cells treated with TDI.

Antidiabetic potential of buffalo milk casein hydrolysates through enzymatic hydrolysis and bioactive peptide identification as α-glucosidase inhibitors.

This study investigated the potential of buffalo milk protein hydrolysates, particularly casein, as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using pepsin, alcalase, and papain, yielding high degree of hydrolysis (68-100 %). Pepsin-extracted casein hydrolysates showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, reaching 55.

A GLIM-defined malnutrition-based model for predicting prognosis of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension following TIPS procedure.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition detrimentally impacts the prognosis of patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and its effect on post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) hepatic encephalopathy (HE) occurrence and mortality in patients with CPH.

Methods: This study incorporated 330 CPH patients who underwent TIPS between December 2015 and March 2022.

SHP-1 regulates T cell-mediated early adaptive immunity in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) infected with Mycobacterium marinum.

Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a vital negative regulator of immune cell signaling, yet its role in teleost early adaptive immune response remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of SHP-1 in early adaptive immune response and the potential underlying mechanisms in Chinese tongue sole (10 ± 2 g and 10 ± 1 cm) infected with Mycobacterium marinum. In this study, SHP-1 expression was artificially manipulated by overexpression and inhibition following bacterial infection, and the former reduced mortality by 33.

Comprehensive Benchmark Dataset for Pathological Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Sections.

Advances in optical microscopy scanning have significantly contributed to computational pathology (CPath) by converting traditional histopathological slides into whole slide images (WSIs). This development enables comprehensive digital reviews by pathologists and accelerates AI-driven diagnostic support for WSI analysis. Recent advances in foundational pathology models have increased the need for benchmarking tasks.

First case report of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to treat secretory carcinoma.

Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a newly defined and exceedingly rare pathologic subtype of lung cancer. We present a case of SC that was initially misdiagnosed as stage IIIB (cT2aN3M0) invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma harboring a programmed cell death ligand 1 tumor proportion score of 10% and an - fusion gene. The patient received five cycles of toripalimab and pemetrexed plus carboplatin at a local hospital without treatment-related adverse events.

Primary giant hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in a young adult: case report and literature review.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PHNENs) are a rare type of neuroendocrine tumors originating in the liver. These tumors are characterized by non-specific clinical symptoms and atypical imaging features, making differentiation from other primary hepatic masses, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and parasitic lesions, challenging. The diagnosis of PHNENs is based on characteristic histological features associated with this condition and results from immunohistochemistry assays.

PRO-LDM: A Conditional Latent Diffusion Model for Protein Sequence Design and Functional Optimization.

The diffusion model has grasped enormous attention in the computer vision field and emerged as a promising algorithm in protein design for precise structure and sequence generation. Here PRO-LDM is introduced: a modular multi-tasking framework combining design fidelity and computational efficiency, by integrating the diffusion model in latent space. The model learns biological representations at local and global levels, to design natural-like species with enhanced diversity, or optimize protein properties and functions.

Targeted Neuroimmune Modulation via FGF21-Loaded Dual-Layer Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffold to Suppress Secondary Injury After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Containment of secondary injury following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is crucial for preserving neural tissue and function, especially when a dysregulated neuroimmune response exacerbates inflammation. However, effective therapeutic interventions targeting neuroimmune remodeling remain lacking. In this study, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is identified as a promising immunomodulatory candidate, and a dual-layer electrospun scaffold is developed for efficient FGF21 delivery to the brain.

Integrative Analyses of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Scion-Stock Asymmetry Reduction and Shift of Sugar Metabolism During Graft Junction Formation in Malus Domestica ('Hanfu') Homograft.

Grafting is widely used as a breeding method to enhance productivity and resilience. However, the mechanisms of graft healing remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed Malus domestica ('Hanfu') homograft and observed morphological and anatomical changes during the healing process in the graft junction within 40 days after grafting (DAG).

Design of protein-based carriers for curcumin with tailored particle properties: Stability and mechanistic insights.

Curcumin's (Cur, C) utility is restricted by poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This study optimized zein (Z)-centered core-shell nanoparticles using soluble pea protein (Psup) or whey protein isolate (WPI, W) as the shell. pH-shifting enhanced Cur loading to 316.

[Impact of Climate Change and Human Activities on Vegetation Dynamics in Typical Lake Basins of China].

Monitoring vegetation dynamics and isolating as well as quantifying the impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation cover changes are crucial for providing theoretical support for maintaining regional ecological balance and scientifically planning ecological restoration. This study focuses on the Dongting, Poyang, and Taihu Lake basins. Using multi-temporal normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） data, meteorological data, and land use data and employing methods, such as trend analysis, first-order difference multiple regression analysis, and residual analysis, this research investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of vegetation NDVI changes in these basins from 2000 to 2022, distinguishing between natural growth areas and anthropogenic impact areas.

Technology-Based HIV Prevention Interventions for Men Who Have Sex With Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: There remain unmet HIV prevention needs in China, particularly among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Technology-based interventions are increasingly used in HIV prevention worldwide.

Objective: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to assess the effectiveness of technology-based HIV prevention interventions to improve HIV testing and consistent condom use in China.

Multiple pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma with Ovarian-like stroma: a case report.

Background: Pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma with ovarian-like stroma has rarely been reported. To the best of our knowledge, only two prior cases have been reported to date.

Case Presentation: A 47-year-old female underwent an F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) scan, revealig multiple solid and cystic nodules with mild FDG uptake in both lungs.

Exposure to high altitude leads to disturbances in host metabolic homeostasis: study of the effects of hypoxia-reoxygenation and the associations between the microbiome and metabolome.

This study investigated alterations in hematological parameters, gut microbiota composition, and fecal and plasma metabolic profiles among high-altitude residents during reoxygenation periods of 1 week, 1 month, and 4 months to elucidate the effects of reoxygenation on human physiology and metabolism. Exposure to high altitudes alters intestinal flora, plasma and fecal metabolites, disrupting their metabolic balance. Distinct differences in amino acid, lipid, energy, immune, cofactor, and vitamin metabolism pathways were detected between high- and low-altitude populations, with a partial recovery of disparities during reoxygenation.

Dendritic cell-derived MYD88 potentiates as a biomarker for immune regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma and may predict a better immunological result.

Introduction: MYD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88) is a key adaptor protein mediate immune responses, primarily through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling. The TLR/MYD88 pathway plays a critical role in dendritic cells (DC) maturation and function, contributing to the body's innate immunity. Recent studies have further highlighted MYD88's pivotal role in intrinsic immunity and its regulatory influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Edaravone dexborneol exerts anti-epileptic effects on rodent temporal lobe epilepsy by promoting NMDAR deactivation and inhibiting oxidative stress.

Background: Disease-modifying treatments with anti-epileptic effects are currently unavailable and urgently required for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Combined therapy targeting multiple mechanisms may offer a promising anti-epileptic strategy, given the complex processes underlying epileptogenesis.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of Edaravone Dexbroneol, a combination of Edaravone and Dexborneol in 4:1, on rat and mouse TLE models and an in vitro epileptiform activity model.

Identification of the fruit of as an anti-liver fibrosis agent working via SMAD2/SMAD3 and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways.

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FGF21, a modulator of astrocyte reactivity, protects against ischemic brain injury through anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic pathways.

Ischemic stroke is a frequent cause of mortality and disability, and astrocyte reactivity is closely associated with injury outcomes. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endogenous regulator, has been shown to perform pleiotropic functions in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, studies on neurological diseases have paid little attention to the effects and detailed mechanisms of FGF21 in astrocytes.

Transplantation of the MSLN-deficient Thymus Generates MSLN Epitope Reactive T Cells to Attenuate Tumor Progression.

The development of mesothelin (MSLN) epitope reactive T cells is observed in mice that are immunized with the MSLN vaccine. Engineered T cells expressing MSLN-reactive high-affinity TCR exhibit extraordinary therapeutic effects for invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a mouse model. However, the generation of MSLN-reactive T cells through the introduction of MSLN-deficient thymus and the transplantation of the latter as a cure for cancer treatment have not been tested to date.

MacNet: a mobile attention classification network combining convolutional neural network and transformer for the differentiation of cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a critical global health issue, responsible for over 600,000 new cases and 300,000 deaths annually. Pathological imaging of cervical cancer is a crucial diagnostic tool. However, distinguishing specific areas of cellular differentiation remains challenging because of the lack of clear boundaries between cells at various stages of differentiation.

Preference for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Access Among Men who Have Sex With Men in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective but not widely used by men who have sex with men (MSM; 27%) in China.

Methods: In June 2023, an online cross-sectional survey with a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was distributed to PrEP-eligible MSM in China who were at least 18 years old. The DCE explored attributes of PrEP modality (daily pill, on-demand pill, injections, implants), clinical care model (same-day, 2-visit, telehealth prescription), medication pickup (clinic, community health center, pharmacy, MSM-focused community-based organization, home delivery), enhanced support (self-management, smartphone app, text reminder, anonymous peer support group), and cost.

A universal gene expression signature-based strategy for the high-throughput discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable resource for drug discovery and has demonstrated excellent efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to develop a universal gene signature-based strategy for high-throughput discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs, especially Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Methods: The disease gene signature of liposaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells and drug gene signatures of 655 drug candidates were established via sequencing.

Development of a nomogram model for early prediction of refractory convulsive status epilepticus.

Introduction: We aim to identify risk factors that predict refractory convulsive status epilepticus (RCSE) and to develop a model for early recognition of patients at high risk for RCSE.

Methods: This study involved 200 patients diagnosed with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), of whom 73 were RCSE and 127 were non-RCSE. Variables included demographic information, lifestyle factors, medical history, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, neuroimaging characteristics, laboratory tests, and nutritional scores.

Development and internal validation of a prognostic model for predicting tonic-clonic seizures during pregnancy in women with epilepsy.

Background: We aim to develop a model to predict the probability of tonic-clonic seizures in women with epilepsy (WWE) at any point during pregnancy until six weeks postpartum.

Methods: We conducted a screening of patients diagnosed with epilepsy and who were pregnant, at a tertiary hospital in China, during the period of 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. We then followed up with these patients for at least one year postpartum.