Astringent Effects of Red Wine Associated with Responses of Aquaporins Found in Human Tongue and Salivary Tissues.

Aquaporin (AQP) water channels facilitate fluid transport across cell membranes, are implicated in rodent oral water sensing, and were examined in the human tongue for their modulation by mouthfeel compounds and ensuing effects on perception and saliva tribology. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated abundant AQP1 and AQP2 and moderate AQP5 in human tongue and high AQP5 in salivary gland. Trained human tasting panels evaluated astringency intensities; results correlated with wine tannin measures and inhibition of AQP1 water flux ( ≥ 0.

Advancing intercalation strategies in layered hybrid perovskites by bringing together synthesis and simulations.

Finding ways to modify the electronic structure of halide perovskites is desireable as they have applications in a variety of devices, from photovoltaics to LEDs. Additionally, designing functional materials can be facilitated through the use of computation. Here, we have used a combination of synthesis and computation to screen for intercalated, layered hybrid perovskites.

Metal Oxide vs Organic Semiconductor Charge Extraction Layers for Halide Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics.

Halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics (PVs) are highly promising to autonomously power the billions of microelectronic sensors in the emerging and disruptive technology of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, how the wide range of different types of hole extraction layers (HELs) impacts the indoor light harvesting of perovskite solar cells is still elusive, which hinders the material selection and industrial-scale fabrication of indoor perovskite photovoltaics. In the present study, new insights are provided regarding the judicial selection of HELs at the buried interface of halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics.

Evaluating the efficacy and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has the potential to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). To assess the efficacy (response/remission/post-treatment continuous anxiety severity scores) and acceptability (failure to complete treatment for any reason) of NIBS, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (as of April 2024) for articles on NIBS for GAD and conducted a network meta-analysis of eight randomized trials (20 treatment arms, 405 participants). Data were pooled using standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI).

Graph-based pangenome provides insights into structural variations and genetic basis of metabolic traits in potato.

Potato is the world's most important nongrain crop. In this study, to assess genetic diversity within the Petota section, 29 genomes from Petota and Etuberosum sections were newly de novo assembled and 248 accessions of wild potatoes, landraces, and modern cultivars were re-sequenced at >25× depth. Subsequently, a graph-based pangenome was constructed using DM8.

Isovalerylspiramycin I suppresses small cell lung cancer proliferation via ATR/CHK1 mediated DNA damage response and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP mediated ER stress.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) urgently needs new therapeutic approaches. We found that the antibiotic-derived compound Isovalerylspiramycin I (ISP-I) has potent anti-tumor activity against SCLC cell lines H1048 and DMS53 both in vitro and in vivo. ISP-I induced apoptosis, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in both cell lines.

Connexin 25 maintains self-renewal and functions of airway basal cells for airway regeneration.

Background: The formation of stem cell clones enables close contact of stem cells inside. The gap junctions in such clone spheres establish a microenvironment that allows frequent intercellular communication to maintain self-renewal and functions of stem cells. Nevertheless, the essential gap junction protein for molecular signaling in clones is poorly known.

Non-invasive brain stimulation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is an emerging intervention that has been used to treat various mental illnesses. However, previous studies have not comprehensively compared the efficacies of various NIBS modalities in alleviating anxiety symptoms among patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of NIBS for patients with GAD.

The shared genetic etiology of antisocial behavior and psychiatric disorders: Insights from pleiotropy and causality analysis.

Background: Antisocial behavior (ASB) infringes on the rights of others and significantly disrupts social order. Studies have shown that ASB is phenotypically associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, these studies often neglected the importance of genetic foundations.

Astringency and its sub-qualities: a review of astringency mechanisms and methods for measuring saliva lubrication.

Astringency is an important mouthfeel attribute that influences the sensory experiences of many food and beverage products. While salivary lubricity loss and increased oral friction were previously believed to be the only astringency mechanisms, recent research has demonstrated that nontactile oral receptors can trigger astringency by responding to astringents without mechanical stimulation. Various human factors have also been identified that affect individual responses to astringents.

Airway basal cell‑derived exosomes suppress epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of lung cells by inhibiting the expression of ANO1.

Disruption of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of activated lung cells is an important strategy to inhibit the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present study investigated the role of exosomes derived from airway basal cells on EMT of lung cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Exosomes were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy imaging and markers detection.

Opsin-Free Activation of Bmp Receptors by a Femtosecond Laser.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a vital role in differentiation, organogenesis, and various cell processes. As a member of TGF-β superfamily, the BMP initiation usually accompanies crosstalk with other signaling pathways and simultaneously activates some of them. It is quite challenging to solely initiate an individual pathway.

Airway epithelium regeneration by photoactivated basal cells.

The airway epithelium is the footstone to maintain the structure and functions of lung, in which resident basal cells (BCs) maintain homeostasis and functional regeneration of epithelial barrier in response to injury. In recent clinical researches, transplanting BCs has shown great inspiring achievements in therapy of various lung diseases. In this study, we report a noninvasive optical method to activate BCs for airway epithelium regeneration in vivo by fast scanning of focused femtosecond laser on BCs of airway epithelium to active Ca signaling and subsequent ERK and Wnt pathways.

Study on Austenite Transformation and Growth Evolution of HSLA Steel.

HSLA steel is widely used in various applications for its excellent mechanical properties. The evolution of austenite transformation and growth has been systematically studied in HSLA steel Q960 during the heating process. A thermal expansion instrument and optical microscope were adopted to analyze the kinetics of austenite transformation, which is a nonlinear continuous process and was accurately calculated by the lever rule based on the dilatation curve at the holding time within 10 min.

Relationship between perceptions of recurrence risk and depression state among first-episode ischemic stroke patients in rural areas: The mediating role of coping style.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between stroke survivors' perceptions of recurrence risk, coping styles and depression state, and the role coping styles play in mediating that relationship.

Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Methods: From one hospital in Huaxian, China, 320 stroke survivors were randomly selected as a convenience sample.

MELD score < 18 rule out 28-day ACLF development among inpatients with hepatitis B-related previous compensated liver disease.

The acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) development is highly dynamic. Currently, no satisfactory algorithm identifies patients with HBV at risk of this complication. The aim of the study was to characterize ACLF development in hospitalized HBV-related patients without previous decompensation and to test the performance of traditional prognostic models in ruling out ACLF development within 28 days on admission we conducted a cohort study.

Isovalerylspiramycin I suppresses non-small cell lung carcinoma growth through ROS-mediated inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Novel drugs are required for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment urgently. Repurposing old drugs as new treatments is a practicable approach with time and cost savings. Some studies have shown that carrimycin, a Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)-approved macrolide antibiotic, possesses potent anti-tumor effects against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The Effect of Ru on the Evolution of the γ' Phase in Ni-Al-Ru Alloys.

With the development and wide application of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys, the effect of Ru on the microstructure stability and high-temperature properties of superalloys is becoming increasingly important. In this study, the effect of Ru on the evolution of the γ' phase in Ni-Al-Ru ternary alloys during aging treatment was analyzed, using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The relationship between chemical partition behavior and γ/γ' lattice misfit was investigated in detail.

Functional Connectivity Features of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging May Distinguish Migraine From Tension-Type Headache.

Background: Migraineurs often exhibited abnormalities in cognition, emotion, and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), whereas patients with tension-type headache (TTH) rarely exhibited these abnormalities. The aim of this study is to explore whether rsFC alterations in brain regions related to cognition and emotion could be used to distinguish patients with migraine from patients with TTH.

Methods: In this study, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and rsFC analyses were used to assess the cognition, anxiety, and depression of 24 healthy controls (HCs), 24 migraineurs, and 24 patients with TTH.

Photophobia in headache disorders: characteristics and potential mechanisms.

Photophobia is present in multiple types of headache disorders. The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggested the potential reciprocal interactions between visual and pain pathways. In this review, we summarized the photophobic characteristics in different types of headache disorders in the context of the three diagnostic categories of headache disorders: (1) primary headaches: migraine, tension-type headache, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias; (2) secondary headaches: headaches attributed to traumatic brain injury, meningitis, non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and disorder of the eyes; (3) painful cranial neuropathies: trigeminal neuralgia and painful optic neuritis.

Hysteresis in hybrid perovskite indoor photovoltaics.

Halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics (PV) are a viable solution to autonomously power the billions of sensors in the huge technology field of the Internet of Things. However, there exists a knowledge gap in the hysteresis behaviour of these photovoltaic devices under indoor lighting conditions. The present work is the first experimental study dedicated to exploring the degree of hysteresis in halide perovskite indoor photovoltaic devices by carrying out both transient J-V scan and steady state maximum power point tracking (MPPT) measurements.