YOLOv8-Seg with Dynamic Multi-Kernel Learning for Infrared Gas Leak Segmentation: A Weakly Supervised Approach.

Gas leak detection in oil and gas processing facilities is a critical component of the safety production monitoring system. Non-contact detection technology based on infrared imaging has emerged as a vital real-time monitoring method due to its rapid response and extensive coverage. However, existing pixel-level segmentation networks face challenges such as insufficient segmentation accuracy, rough gas edges, and jagged boundaries.

TiN-Based Photothermal Fabric with a Superhydrophobic Surface for Synergistic Anti-/Deicing.

Superhydrophobic surfaces can delay icing to a certain extent, but under severe conditions, such as extremely low temperatures and high humidity, ice buildup on their surfaces can still occur. Therefore, in this study, a titanium-based photothermal anti-/deicing fabric with a superhydrophobic surface was introduced, which was impregnated with hydrophobic SiO-TiO Janus particles (H-SiO-TiO JPs) and the silicone elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to endow it with superhydrophobic and photocatalytic properties, and then, titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) were deposited on the surface of the cotton fabric to provide it with photothermal properties. A TiN-coated superhydrophobic cotton fabric (TiN-SCF) integrating self-cleaning, photothermal conversion, and photocatalysis was successfully prepared.

Enhancing head and neck cancer detection accuracy in digitized whole-slide histology with the HNSC-classifier: a deep learning approach.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with pathologists routinely analyzing histological slides to diagnose cancer by evaluating cellular heterogeneity, a process that remains time-consuming and labor-intensive. Although no previous studies have systematically applied deep learning techniques to automate HNSCC TNM staging and overall stage prediction from digital histopathology slides, we developed an inception-ResNet34 convolutional neural network model (HNSC-Classifier) trained on 791 whole slide images (WSIs) from 500 HNSCC patients sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Head and Neck Squamous Cell dataset. Our pipeline was designed to distinguish cancerous from normal tissue and to predict both tumor stage and TNM classification from histological images, with the dataset split at the patient level to ensure independence between training and testing sets and performance evaluated using comprehensive metrics including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrices.

Polyelectrolyte Complex-Based Artificial Biofilms as Versatile Living Biomaterials.

Bacterial biofilms, while recognized as promising functional biomaterials, are constrained by intricate growth dynamics, complex extracellular polymer compositions, and limited processability. Here, we address these challenges by employing polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) to create artificial biofilms via a one-step synthesis with predefined extracellular composition and enhanced processability, achieving natural biofilm-like bacterial density and properties across diverse bacterial species. The PEC matrix confers robust bacterial protection, resisting antibiotic concentrations 1000-fold above the minimal inhibitory level, lyophilization, and acidic environments.

CT-based radiomics model for noninvasive prediction of progression-free survival in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: a multicenter study incorporating preoperative and postoperative clinical factors.

Objective: To investigate the potential of combining radiomics with clinicoradiological features in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) after the surgery of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC).

Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, a total of 195 patients with pathologically confirmed HGSOC who underwent cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy were included from two institutions (train cohort, n = 134; test cohort, n = 61). From the train cohort, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses systematically evaluated associations between clinicoradiological features and PFS, culminating in a clinical prediction model for stratifying progression risk.

Targeted delivery and controlled release of polymeric nanomedicines for tumor therapy.

Drug therapy, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment; however, significant toxic side effects are often unavoidable, inhibiting tumor growth while causing damage to multiple organ systems. Polymeric nanomedicines have shown substantial promise in addressing the limitations of small-molecule drugs, such as poor solubility, rapid clearance, low tumor retention, and adverse effects, thereby enhancing the therapeutic index. Despite these advances, clinical outcomes indicate that the overall survival rates of cancer patients post-treatment are often not significantly higher than those achieved with standard small-molecule drugs.

Metabolic insights into TAMs and the tumor immune microenvironment: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal regulators of the tumor immune microenvironment exhibiting a dual role in tumor therapy by functioning as both pro-tumorigenic effectors and anti-tumor agents. Tumor cells reprogram macrophages towards the pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype through the induction of signaling molecules and manipulation of metabolic pathways. Recent evidence indicates that the interplay between TAM functional polarization and metabolic reprogramming profoundly influences anti-tumor immunity across multiple dimensions.

Single-Gene Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Applications and Challenges in Precision Medicine.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy in which single-gene mutations serve as critical drivers of tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Advances in high-throughput genomics and liquid biopsy technologies have highlighted the clinical utility of mutations in genes such as TP53, CTNNB1, and TERT as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. These mutations disrupt key oncogenic pathways, modulate the tumor immune microenvironment, and contribute to intratumoral heterogeneity, complicating disease management.

Novel mathematical model for preoperatively predicting pelvic tilt in patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis after three-column osteotomy.

Objectives: This study aimed to introduce a novel mathematical model for preoperative precalculated pelvic tilt (PT) in patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) after three-column osteotomy.

Methods: A total of 20 patients with AS, including 19 men and one woman, who underwent three-column osteotomy from April 2017 to April 2021, in the study hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Spinopelvic parameters, including global kyphosis, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, PT, sagittal vertical axis, horizontal distance between hip axis and hilus pulmonis (HDHH), measured on preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up radiographs were analyzed.

Expert consensus on digital restoration of complete dentures.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy.

Microwave-mediated red mud/biochar activation of percarbonates: synergistic optimization of oxygen vacancies and dual hotspot effect.

Tailwater treatment from high-standard plastic-cleaning wastewater and red mud (RM) resource recycling pose major challenges. In this study, a heterogeneous microwave-responsive catalyst, RM/biochar (RM/BC), was successfully prepared to synergistically integrate magnetic and dielectric losses for activation of sodium percarbonate (SPC) to degrade the plastic additive diethyl phthalate (DEP). Characterization analyses revealed that under oxygen-limited conditions at 600 °C, poplar leaf powder was fully carbonized, while FeO in RM was reduced to FeO and further transformed into FeO, forming a composite dominated by amorphous carbon and FeO.

Regulating the high internal phase emulsion properties through inulin mediated whey protein isolate/octenyl succinic anhydride starch for 3D printing.

Inulin-whey protein isolate (WPI)-octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch (OSA) composite was used as emulsifier to stabilize high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), and the effects of inulin on the properties of the ternary composite particles and their stabilized HIPE as well as 3D printing performance were investigated. The results showed that the particle size and interfacial tension of the composite were significantly reduced, and the emulsifying activity of the composite was improved after adding inulin. HIPE stabilized with I-W-O showed a solid gel-like structure, reduced droplet size, more uniform droplet distribution, and excellent storage stability, thermal stability, and centrifugal stability.

Natural Small Molecule Self-Assembled Hydrogel Inhibited Colorectal Cancer Progression by Regulating Cuproptosis and PANoptosis.

Copper-mediated and mitochondrion-dependent cuproptosis is an emerging paradigm of programmed cell death, gathering significant attention for its potential application in cancer therapy. A natural small molecular-free injectable hydrogel (Lyc@GA-Cu Gel) is prepared by Cu mediated self-assembly of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and lycorine (Lyc), primarily driven by coordination and hydrogen bonding. In vitro and in vivo results show that Lyc@GA-Cu Gel can act as copper ionophores to induce the occurrence of cuproptosis in colorectal cancer cells, and further produce massive reactive oxygen species (ROS), amplifying oxidative stress reaction, ultimately triggering PANoptosis (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis).

Characterization and functional analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in a cohort of 100 unselected patients undergoing germline screening.

Germline loss-of-function mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) genes are well-established as causative factors for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), conferring an approximately tenfold increased lifetime risk. The identification of BRCA mutations is essential for risk assessment and management in high-risk individuals and cancer patients. In this study, we utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) to comprehensively analyze the entire coding regions of BRCA genes in a cohort of 100 unselected patients undergoing germline screening (average age ≤45 years and/or family history of related cancers).

Tailored work function via activated interfacial electron transfer for boosting hydrogen production coupled with electrochemical glycerol oxidation.

Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for glycerol-assisted water splitting is highly imperative for the applications in energy-saving hydrogen production coupled by valorizing biomass-derived feedstocks. Interface engineering, an effective strategy for tuning the interfacial electronic structures, enables the electrochemical performance improvement, while the precise control on interfacial electron transfer still remains challenging. Herein, Mo incorporation is employed to modulate the interfacial electronic structure of NiS/NiP, resulting in an activated electron redistribution with more electrons flowing from NiP to NiS.

The mA modification of LINC01133 suppresses ER breast cancer progression by modulating IGF2BP2 protein stability via a ubiquitination-dependent mechanism.

Background: Breast cancer is characterized as highly heterogenous and is a representative model to understand how molecular features of tumor biology determine therapeutic strategy. LINC01133 exhibits opposing expressing patterns across different breast cancer subtypes, yet its roles and mechanisms in ER breast cancer remain a loaded question.

Methods: The expression of LINC01133 was initially assessed utilizing a public dataset TCGA and subsequently validated within clinical samples through RT-qPCR and hybridization (ISH).

Bisphenol A in utero induced glutamate and D-serine metabolic dysregulation in the hippocampus of rats and primary cultured astrocytes.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used synthetic compound that could cause neurobehavioral abnormalities in mammals. Previous studies have suggested that NMDAR may be a potential target of BPA-induced neurotoxicity. However, the impact of exposure to BPA on glutamate (Glu) and D-serine (D-ser) metabolism (key regulators of NMDAR activation) has not been clarified yet.

A public health perspective on virtual reality interventions: exploring the impact of VR extreme sports on stress, anxiety, and depression in men with social anxiety disorder.

Objective: Men diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often face significant challenges in daily functioning, particularly within social settings. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-based extreme sports games in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in this population. The intervention was designed to offer an engaging, immersive, and potentially less stigmatizing alternative to conventional therapeutic approaches.

The association of dietary nutrients consumption with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis from NHANES 2017-2020.

Background/objectives: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis represent significant and growing global health burdens. There is an urgent need to seek strategies for early prevention and control of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. This study attempted to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and the risk of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis to provide assistance for doctors in guiding the diet of the patients.

Ubiquitination-Dependent LLGL2 Degradation Drives Colorectal Cancer Progression via THBS3 mRNA Stabilization.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide is highly associated with distant organ metastasis. Lethal(2) giant larvae protein homolog 2 (LLGL2) is often dysregulated in various tumors; however, the pathogenesis of CRC remains unclean. This study highlighted the tumor suppressor function of LLGL2 in CRC.

Influence of bionic microstructures on the bond strength of additively manufactured zirconia.

Statement Of Problem: Additively manufactured (AM) zirconia restorations have been increasingly adopted in clinical practice, enabling the fabrication of microstructures on the intaglio surfaces of restorations. However, the potential of microstructures to replace methylacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogenphosphate (MDP) bonding remains uncertain, and the influence of microstructural morphology design on mechanical bonding strength requires further investigation.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of microstructural diameter, depth, and spacing on the resin-bonded mechanical strength of AM zirconia, the ultimate forming capabilities of microstructures on stereolithography (SLA), and the impact of bionic microstructures on the bond strength of AM zirconia.

Impact of Cu Porphyrin Immobilization Modes on Carbon Nanotubes for Selective CO Electroreduction.

Immobilized molecular catalysts have demonstrated remarkable performance in the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR). However, the impact of different immobilization modes on CO reduction selectivity remains insufficiently explored. Herein, we designed and synthesized three distinct copper porphyrin/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid materials with varying immobilization strategies, including noncovalent, covalent, and coordination bonding, to explore their effects on catalytic performance and product selectivity.

Study of the Function and Expression of the Promoter in .

Background: Cultivated peanut ( L.) is a major oil and economic crop. Pod size is one of the important agronomic traits of peanut variety, with a direct impact on peanut yield.

[Digital full-mouth fixed occlusal reconstruction (partⅠ): the "5-19N" clinical technical solution for dentulous situation].

Occlusal rehabilitation is an effective means of treating tooth wear, edentulous jaws and other oral diseases. Among them, full-mouth fixed occlusal reconstruction can effectively restore aesthetics and function, but the complexity of the clinical process, the high sensitivity of the technique, and the high incidence of various complications have always drawn much attention. With the application and development of digital technology in occlusal rehabilitation, the treatment outcome has been improved compared with traditional treatment.

Porous and Flexible Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Mesh Based on Filament Fused Fabrication Technology: A Balance between Mechanical and Biological Characteristics for Guided Bone Regeneration.

Space maintenance and stability of the barrier membrane play a more crucial role than cell occlusion in alveolar bone augmentation. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising alternative to titanium mesh due to its remarkable biocompatibility and mechanical properties that match natural bone. This study designed and manufactured a highly porous, flexible, and palisade-like PEEK membrane with pore diameters of 300 μm, 500 μm, and 700 μm through fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology.