Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy plus dalpiciclib and exemestane for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: A prospective pilot study.

Background: Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy only result in trivial pathological complete response rates and moderate objective response rates (ORR) in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, more promising alternatives are urgently needed. With proven synergistic effect of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor and radiotherapy in preclinical studies, this pilot study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by dalpiciclib and exemestane in HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.

Methods: This was a single-arm, non-controlled prospective pilot study.

Genetic prediction of immune cells, inflammatory proteins, and metabolite-mediated association between gut microbiota and COPD: a Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have suggested a potential association between the gut microbiota and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the causal relationship between them, as well as the mediating roles of metabolites, inflammatory proteins, and immune cells, remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and COPD using genetic approaches and to explore the potential mediating roles of metabolites, inflammatory proteins, and immune cells. To investigate the causal association between gut microbiota and COPD, we first employed univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR), using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytical approach.

Neoadjuvant ARX788 plus pyrotinib versus trastuzumab, pertuzumab, docetaxel and carboplatin for HER2-positive breast cancer: a randomised phase 2b trial.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, but their efficacy in the neoadjuvant setting remains under investigation. The MUKDEN 06 trial (NCT05426486), a multicentre, randomised, phase 2b study, compared ARX788 (anti-HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (TKI) with the standard neoadjuvant regimen of docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (TCbHP) in female patients with early or locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR, ypT0/is, ypN0) rate, analyzed in the intention-to-treat population.

Causal relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and atherosclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Employing a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach, this study endeavors to assess the potential causal relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Single nucleotide polymorphism loci, associated with ADHD at a significant threshold (P < 5 × 10-8), were meticulously screened from genome-wide association studies datasets to serve as instrumental variables. The primary outcomes under investigation encompass AS, coronary atherosclerosis, and cerebral atherosclerosis.

Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes of Tumescence and Sharp Dissection Versus Electrocautery Dissection in Minimal-Access Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Prosthesis Breast Reconstruction: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Minimal-access nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction results in better cosmetic outcomes than conventional operation. However, the impact of skin flap development techniques on postoperative complications and long-term oncologic safety is largely unknown. This report describes the surgical and oncologic outcomes of tumescence and sharp dissection compared with electrocautery dissection.

Advancements in liquid biopsy for breast Cancer: Molecular biomarkers and clinical applications.

Breast cancer is characterized by significant molecular heterogeneity; therefore, there are distinct clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognostic outcomes across its various molecular subtypes. In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy has emerged as a convenient and minimally invasive technique capable of dynamically representing the comprehensive tumor gene spectrum. This review systematically elaborates the clinical value of liquid biopsy as a breakthrough tool for precision diagnosis and treatment in breast cancer through dynamic detection of key biomarkers, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA).

Molecular classification of hormone receptor-positive /HER2-positive breast cancer reveals potential neoadjuvant therapeutic strategies.

Significant heterogeneity exists in hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-positive (HR/HER2) breast cancer, contributing to suboptimal pathological complete response rates with conventional neoadjuvant treatment regimens. Overcoming this challenge requires precise molecular classification, which is pivotal for the development of targeted therapies. We conducted molecular typing on a cohort of 211 patients with HR/HER2 breast cancer and performed a comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of various neoadjuvant treatment regimens.

Gene prediction of immune cells association between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: An increasing number of studies have revealed that gut microbiota influences the development and progression of Colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether a causal relationship exists between the two remains unclear, and the role of immune cells in this context is not well understood.

Objective: To elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and CRC and to explore the potential mediating role of circulating immune cells.

A cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study identifies WDPCP as a potential susceptibility gene for coronary atherosclerosis.

Background: Coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease with significant genetic and environmental contributions. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have pinpointed many risk loci, over 75 % are in non-coding regions, complicating functional analysis and understanding gene-disease mechanisms.

Methods: We conducted a cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) using data from the GWAS Catalog (16,041 cases, 440,307 controls) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) v8 eQTL dataset.

Association between gut microbiota and acute upper respiratory tract infection: a Mendelian randomization study.

Targeting specific gut microbiota (GM) species to prevent and treat acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURTI) has attracted researchers' attention, but the relationship between the two is unclear. Based on the summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on GM and five types of AURTIs (acute nasopharyngitis (common cold), acute pharyngitis, acute sinusitis, acute upper respiratory infections, and acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites), we performed two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal relationship. Through inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, we found that 33 potential microbial taxa can influence the occurrence of AURTI.

BD-StableNet: a deep stable learning model with an automatic lesion area detection function for predicting malignancy in BI-RADS category 3-4A lesions.

The latest developments combining deep learning technology and medical image data have attracted wide attention and provide efficient noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The success of this task often depends on a large amount of data annotated by medical experts, which is time-consuming and may not always be feasible in the biomedical field. The lack of interpretability has greatly hindered the application of deep learning in the medical field.

A cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study reveals GRK4 as a novel susceptibility gene for COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory disorder with environmental factors being the primary risk determinants. However, genetic factors also substantially contribute to the susceptibility and progression of COPD. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci associated with COPD susceptibility, the specific pathogenic genes underlying these loci, along with their biological functions and roles within regulatory networks, remain unclear.

Systemic inflammatory regulators are associated with two common types of neuropathic pain: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Currently, there is limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the causal relationship between systemic inflammatory regulators and two common types of neuropathic pain, namely, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN). This study employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationship between systemic inflammatory regulators and these two common neuropathic pain conditions.

Methods: In this study, 41 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PHN and TN were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) representing systemic inflammatory regulators.

Primary immunodeficiency-related genes and varicella-zoster virus reactivation syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Currently, evidence regarding the causal relationship between primary immunodeficiency-related genes and varicella-zoster virus reactivation syndrome is limited and inconsistent. Therefore, this study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology to investigate the causal relationship between the two.

Methods: This study selected 110 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of primary immunodeficiency-related genes as instrumental variables (IVs).

Prospective nutrition-inflammation markers for predicting early stoma-related complications in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing enterostomy.

Background: Enterostomy is important for radical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the notable occurrence of complications linked to enterostomy results in a reduction in patients' quality of life and impedes adjuvant therapy. This study sought to forecast early stoma-related complications (ESRCs) by leveraging easily accessible nutrition-inflammation markers in CRC patients.

Genetic prediction of blood metabolites mediating the relationship between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have suggested an association between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the causal relationship remains unclear, and the role of blood metabolites in this association remains elusive.

Purpose: To elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AD and to investigate whether blood metabolites serve as potential mediators.

Materials And Methods: Univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis was employed to assess the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AD, while multivariable MR (MVMR) was utilized to mitigate confounding factors.

Regulator of G protein signaling 16 restrains apoptosis in colorectal cancer through disrupting TRAF6-TAB2-TAK1-JNK/p38 MAPK signaling.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global cause of cancer-related mortality, lacking effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Revealing the critical pathogenic factors of CRC and the underlying mechanisms would offer potential therapeutic strategies for clinical application. G protein signaling (RGS) protein family modulators play essential role within regulating downstream signaling of GPCR receptors, with function in cancers unclear.

Dietary intake, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins in relation to childhood asthma: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Currently, there is limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the risk association between daily dietary intake, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins with Childhood Asthma (CA). Therefore, this study employs Mendelian Randomization (MR) methodology to systematically investigate the causal relationships between daily dietary intake, serum antioxidants, serum minerals, and the circulating levels of serum vitamins with

Methods: This study selected factors related to daily dietary intake, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and sugars, as well as serum antioxidant levels (lycopene, uric acid, and β-carotene), minerals (calcium, copper, selenium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, and magnesium), and vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E), using them as Instrumental Variables (IVs). Genetic data related to CA were obtained from the FinnGen and GWAS Catalog databases, with the primary analytical methods being Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) and sensitivity analysis.

Deciphering the crop-soil-enzyme C:N:P stoichiometry nexus: A 5-year study on manure-induced changes in soil phosphorus transformation and release risk.

Carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry plays a vital role in regulating P transformation in agriculture ecosystems. However, the impact of balanced C:N:P stoichiometry in paddy soil, particularly regarding relative soil P transformation, remains unknown. This study explores the response of C:N:P stoichiometry to manure substitution and its regulatory role in soil P transformation, along with the associated release risk to the environment.

Genetic evidence strengthens the bidirectional connection between gut microbiota and infection: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: In recent investigations, substantial strides have been made in the precise modulation of the gut microbiota to prevent and treat a myriad of diseases. Simultaneously, the pressing issue of widespread antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance resulting from infections demands urgent attention. Several studies suggest that the antagonistic influence of the gut microbiota could serve as a novel avenue for impeding the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms or treating infections.