A Physics-ASIC Architecture-Driven Deep Learning Photon-Counting Detector Model Under Limited Data.

Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) based on photon-counting detectors (PCDs) represents a cutting-edge CT technology, offering higher spatial resolution, reduced radiation dose, and advanced material decomposition capabilities. Accurately modeling complex and nonlinear PCDs under limited calibration data becomes one of the challenges hindering the widespread accessibility of PCCT. This paper introduces a physics-ASIC architecture-driven deep learning detector model for PCDs.

Polydatin prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating cholesterol metabolism via PPAR-γ signaling.

Polydatin is a stilbene that has been demonstrated to regulate lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism in humans. However, its potential role in cholesterol gallstone formation remains uncertain. C57BL/6 mice were fed a lithogenic diet (LD) and administered polydatin via intragastric administration.

Integrated multidimensional bioinformatics analysis of the molecular mechanisms of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer and MMP1 as a potential therapeutic target.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) development and identify potential therapeutic targets through integrated multi-omics analysis. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, combined with bioinformatics approaches including differential gene expression analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction, gene set enrichment analysis, and single-cell RNA sequencing, was employed. Data were obtained from GEO, TCGA, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases.

Polyethylene glycol precipitation is a useful method for excluding the interference of unexplained elevated CA 19-9.

With improved living standards and increased health awareness among Chinese residents, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) has become a routine marker in health examinations. Elevated CA 19-9 levels are frequently observed in clinical practice. Although chemiluminescence technology is widely recognized for its high sensitivity and specificity, it cannot eliminate interference, which may lead to deviations and misdiagnoses.

Advancements in liquid biopsy for breast Cancer: Molecular biomarkers and clinical applications.

Breast cancer is characterized by significant molecular heterogeneity; therefore, there are distinct clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognostic outcomes across its various molecular subtypes. In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy has emerged as a convenient and minimally invasive technique capable of dynamically representing the comprehensive tumor gene spectrum. This review systematically elaborates the clinical value of liquid biopsy as a breakthrough tool for precision diagnosis and treatment in breast cancer through dynamic detection of key biomarkers, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA).

Complete remission in PD-L1 high expression advanced gastric cancer patient with PD-L1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy integration treatment strategy: a case report.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard of care in treating patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) negative gastric cancer, revolutionizing the treatment landscape. The combination of ICIs and chemotherapy has shown improved treatment efficacy and prolonged survival compared to chemotherapy alone. Despite these benefits, this combined treatment is also linked to a higher incidence of adverse events.

pH-responsive nano-vaccine combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies for enhanced immunotherapy of breast cancer.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of a novel pH-responsive nano-vaccine in combination with anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies for the treatment of breast cancer (BC), with a focus on tumor growth inhibition, metastasis prevention, and immune microenvironment modulation. A pH-responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymer was synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and conjugated with STING agonist ADU-S100 and mannose to specifically target dendritic cells (DCs). The nano-vaccine was further formulated with antigen peptides and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to enhance antigen delivery.

Deepening Understanding of the Clinical Features and Diagnostic Approaches to Anti-Interferon-Gamma Autoantibody Associated Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency in the Last 20 Years: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody (AIGA)-associated adult-onset immunodeficiency (AOID) is an emerging disease that can lead to serious opportunistic infections, which has a history of 20 years since it was first reported in 2004. It's a hard-detected AOID caused by AIGA. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on the disease, but there is still a lack of consensus on the diagnosis and treatment.

Multidimensional bioinformatics analysis reveals the potential carcinogenic role of acrylamide in colorectal cancer.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying acrylamide-induced colorectal cancer (CRC), identify key carcinogenic genes, and investigate their roles in the immune microenvironment and gut microbiota, providing a theoretical foundation for early CRC diagnosis and prevention.

Methods: Acrylamide- and CRC-associated genes were screened from the GEO and CTDbase databases, and a Venn diagram was used to identify the intersection between acrylamide target genes and CRC differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to validate the causal relationship between these genes and CRC, followed by expression validation using TCGA data.

Coral microbiome in estuary coral community of Pearl River Estuary: insights into variation in coral holobiont adaptability to low-salinity conditions.

Background: Low salinity is a crucial environmental stressor that affects estuarine coral ecosystems considerably. However, few studies have focused on the effects of low-salinity conditions on coral-associated microorganisms and the adaptability of coral holobionts.

Methods: We explored the community structure of coral symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and associated bacteria in low-salinity conditions using samples of six coral species from the Pearl River Estuary and analyzed the adaptability of coral holobionts in estuaries.

The causal relationships between mitochondria and six types of cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Mitochondria play a multifaceted role in tumorigenesis, influencing energy metabolism, redox balance, and apoptosis. However, whether mitochondrial traits causally affect cancer risk remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential causal effects of 82 mitochondrial-related exposures on six major cancers-hepatic, colorectal, lung, esophageal, thyroid, and breast-using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods for Designing High-Precision Relaxation Oscillator.

A novel low-power delay time cancellation (LPDTC) technique and a current ratio adjustment (CRA) method are proposed for designing high-precision relaxation oscillators. These methods effectively reduce the impacts of comparator delay time, offset voltage, and temperature-induced variations in resistors. To validate these methods, we have designed and simulated an 8 MHz open-loop relaxation oscillator using a 40 nm CMOS process.

Bioactive Scaffolds with Ordered Micro/Nano-Scale Topological Surface for Vascularized Bone Regeneration.

The ordered topological micro/nanostructures of scaffolds play a pivotal role in regulating bone development, remodeling, and regeneration. Nevertheless, achieving the integration of ordered micro/nanostructures into 3D scaffolds remains a formidable challenge. In this context, a brushing-assembly strategy is developed to construct 3D bioactive scaffolds with highly ordered micro/nanostructures.

Gut ansia enhances liver protection and facilitates copper removal during D-penicillamine treatment in a Wilson's disease model.

Patients afflicted with Wilson's disease (WD) may encounter hepatic and extraneous manifestations due to the progressive accumulation of copper in the liver and other subsequent organs. Copper-chelating agents, such as D-penicillamine (DPA), are commonly utilized in the medical treatment of copper overload in WD. Manipulating the composition of gut microbiota appropriately can enhance drug efficacy and safety.

Multidimensional bioinformatics perspective on smoking-linked driver genes and immune regulatory mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, is strongly associated with smoking as its primary carcinogenic factor. However, despite the strong link between smoking and lung cancer, not all smokers develop the disease, suggesting that individual genetic susceptibility and molecular mechanisms may play a critical role in the onset of lung cancer. Understanding the gene-driving mechanisms and immune regulatory pathways involved in smoking-related lung cancer remains one of the key challenges in current lung cancer research.

Proteoglycan-degrading enzymes engineered for enhanced tumor microenvironment interaction in renal cell carcinoma.

This work optimized proteoglycan-degrading enzymes through targeted mutagenesis to enhance their interaction with the tumor microenvironment in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). A comprehensive mutagenesis approach identified 60 key mutations significantly improving enzymatic activity, stability, and structural integrity. When compared to Wild Type (WT) enzyme, a remarkable increase in specific activity by 35 % (p < 0.

Predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters for lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Lymph node metastasis is closely associated with the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the role of preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) parameters in mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC.

Methods: One hundred patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery, systematic lymph node dissection, who had undergone 18FFDG PET/CT for initial staging were divided into two groups: lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis.

Transcriptomic and physiological analyses reveal the toxic effects of inorganic filters (nZnO and nTiO) on scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis.

The effects of sunscreen on scleractinian corals have garnered widespread attention; however, the toxic effects and mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the toxicological effects of two common inorganic filters used in sunscreens, nano zinc oxide and titanium dioxide (nZnO and nTiO₂), on the reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis, focusing on the phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptomic responses. The results showed that after exposure to 0.

Exploring the association between air pollution and the incidence of liver cancers.

Liver cancer, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a major global health concern deeply influenced by environmental factors. Air pollutants emerged as significant contributors to its incidence. This review explores the association between air pollution-specifically particulate matter (PM2.

Differential physiological and microbial responses of the octocoral Junceella squamata to high-temperature and cadmium stress.

Global warming and heavy metals have become the major threat to the growth and reproduction of corals. However, unlike scleractinian corals, in the context of widespread coral degradation worldwide, there are few reports on the response of octocorallia corals to high-temperature stress and heavy metals. In the present study, we conducted indoor simulation experiments using Junceella squamata.

Exposure to polypropylene microplastics induces the upregulation of protein digestion-associated genes and microbiome reorganization in the octocoral Junceella squamata.

Microplastics, a new type of pollutants found in coral reefs, have attracted increasing attention. However, most of the current research focuses on the scleractinian corals and few reports on Octocorallia. To reveal the impact of microplastic exposure on Octocorallia, we analyzed the transcriptional response of the coral hosts Junceella squamata along with changes to the diversity and community structure of its symbiotic bacteria following exposure to polystyrene microplastics.

Chitosan-based nanoarchitectures for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy: A review of pre-clinical and clinical importance.

The gene therapy has been developed into a new cancer treatment option. Now that we know which molecular components contribute to carcinogenesis, we may use gene therapy to target particular signalling pathways in cancer treatment. Problems with gene therapy include genetic tool degradation in blood, off-targeting features, and inadequate tumor site accumulation; new delivery mechanisms are needed to address these issues.