Haplotype-resolved genome and multi-omics landscape reveal an epigenetic regulation of citric acid accumulation in lemon.

Lemon (Citrus limon L.), an economically important Citrus species, produces high levels of citric acid. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying citric acid accumulation in lemon fruit are poorly understood.

Genome-Wide Identification of the Gene Family in and Its Responses to Abiotic Stress.

Background: The () gene family plays a critical role in abiotic stress tolerance during plant growth and development. Myricaria laxiflora, as a key pioneer species in the extreme hydrological fluctuation zone of the Yangtze River, has evolved unique adaptation mechanisms potentially linked to gene family evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying how the gene family responds to alternating flooding-drought cycles remain unclear.

Regulation of the non-selective Na importer capacity of NRT1.2/NPF4.6/AIT1 by SOS2-mediated phosphorylation in Arabidopsis.

Although preventing sodium ion import is crucial for salt tolerance, the mechanisms and the Na importers involved remain unclear. We identified NRT1.2/NPF4.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiles of NAC transcription factors in Poncirus trifoliata reveal their potential roles in cold tolerance.

Background: Citrus, a globally vital economic crop, faces severe challenges due to extreme climatic conditions and diseases/pests attack. Poncirus trifoliata is closely related to citrus and shows unique cold tolerance, making it a crucial material for unraveling genes involved in cold tolerance. NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses.

Simultaneous resonant and broadband detection of ultralight dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves via cavities and circuits.

Electromagnetic resonant systems, such as cavities and LC circuits, are widely used to detect ultralight boson dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves. However, the narrow bandwidth of single-mode resonators necessitates multiple scan steps to cover broad frequency ranges. By incorporating a network of auxiliary modes via beam-splitter-type and non-degenerate parametric couplings, we enable broadband detection with an effective bandwidth of each scan matching the order of the resonant frequency, while maintaining a strong signal response.

CsbHLH122/CsMYBS3-CsSUT2 contributes to the rapid accumulation of sugar in the ripening stage of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).

The sugar content serves as the fundamental metabolic component that determines both the flavor quality and the nutritional value of fruits. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism underlying the rapid accumulation of sugars during citrus fruit maturation remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression level of sucrose transporter CsSUT2 is increased during citrus fruit ripening and sugar accumulation.

Filling the Gaps: Tracing 12 Types of Non-commodity Plastics in China's Plastic Socioeconomic Metabolism.

Recent plastic flow research has largely focused on commodity plastics (PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS), yet a sizable share of other polymer types remains understudied. These non-commodity plastics suffer from inconsistent definitions, complex classifications, and data gaps, which hinder accurate assessment of their production, use, and end-of-life management. This study develops dynamic material flow analysis to investigate 12 key "non-commodity" plastics in China─including PET, PU, seven engineering plastics, and three thermosetting plastics─and addresses these knowledge gaps.

A Multi-Scale Computational Model of the Hepatic Circulation Applied to Predict the Portal Pressure After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS).

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a widely used surgery for portal hypertension. In clinical practice, the diameter of the stent forming a shunt is usually selected empirically, which will influence the postoperative portal pressure. Clinical studies found that inappropriate portal pressure after TIPS is responsible for poor prognosis; however, there is no scheme to predict postoperative portal pressure.

Cavity as radio telescope for galactic dark photon.

Dark photons, as a minimal extension of the Standard Model through an additional Abelian gauge group, may propagate relativistically across the galaxy, originating from dark matter decay or annihilation, thereby contributing to a galactic dark photon background. The generation of dark photons typically favors certain polarization modes, which are dependent on the interactions between dark matter and dark photons. We introduce a framework in which a resonant cavity is utilized to detect and differentiate these polarizations, leveraging the daily variation in expected signals due to the anisotropic distribution of dark photons and the rotation of the Earth.

MaGA20ox2f, an OsSD1 homolog, regulates flowering time and fruit yield in banana.

Unlabelled: Previous studies illustrated that two banana GA20 oxidase2 (MaGA20ox2) genes, and , are implicated in controlling banana growth and development; however, the biological function of each gene remains unknown. Ma04g15900 protein (termed MaGA20ox2f in this article) is the closest homolog to the Rice SD1 (encoded by 'green revolution gene', ) in the banana genome. The expression of is confined to leaves, peduncles, fruit peels, and pulp.

A linker histone acts as a transcription factor to orchestrate malic acid accumulation in apple in response to sorbitol.

High carbohydrate availability promotes malic acid accumulation in fleshy fruits, but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here, we show that antisense repression of ALDOSE-6-PHOSPHATE REDUCTASE in apple (Malus domestica) decreases the concentrations of sorbitol and malate and the transcript levels of several genes involved in vacuolar malate transport, including the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) gene MdALMT9 (Ma1), the P-ATPase gene MdPH5, the MYB transcription factor gene MdMYB73, and the cold-induced basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene MdCIbHLH1, in fruit and leaves. We identified a linker histone H1 variant, MdH1.

The transcription factor TGA2 orchestrates salicylic acid signal to regulate cold-induced proline accumulation in Citrus.

Plants subjected to cold stress have been observed to accumulate proline, but the underlying regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identified a pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS)-encoding gene (CtrP5CS1) from trifoliate orange (Citrus trifoliata L.), a cold-hardy citrus species, as a critical gene for cold-induced proline accumulation.

CBL1/CIPK23 phosphorylates tonoplast sugar transporter TST2 to enhance sugar accumulation in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).

Fruit taste quality is greatly influenced by the content of soluble sugars, which are predominantly stored in the vacuolar lumen. However, the accumulation and regulation mechanisms of sugars in most fruits remain unclear. Recently, we established the citrus fruit vacuole proteome and discovered the major transporters localized in the vacuole membrane.

Stereo-selectivity of enantiomeric inhibitors to ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) dissected by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations.

The ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), as a member of deubiquitination enzymes, represents an attractive therapeutic target for various cancers, including prostate cancer and liver cancer. The change of the inhibitor stereocenter from the S to R stereochemistry (S-ALM → R-ALM34) markedly improved USP7 inhibitory activity. However, the molecular mechanism for the stereo-selectivity of enantiomeric inhibitors to USP7 is still unclear.

The transcription factor ERF110 promotes cold tolerance by directly regulating sugar and sterol biosynthesis in citrus.

ERFs (ethylene-responsive factors) are known to play a key role in orchestrating cold stress signal transduction. However, the regulatory mechanisms and target genes of most ERFs are far from being well deciphered. In this study, we identified a cold-induced ERF, designated as PtrERF110, from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.

Transcriptome and metabolome atlas reveals contributions of sphingosine and chlorogenic acid to cold tolerance in Citrus.

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crop genera in the world, but many Citrus species are vulnerable to cold stress. Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis), a cold-hardy citrus species, holds great potential for identifying valuable metabolites that are critical for cold tolerance in Citrus. However, the metabolic changes and underlying mechanisms that regulate Ichang papeda cold tolerance remain largely unknown.

Alternative Splicing Underpins the ALMT9 Transporter Function for Vacuolar Malic Acid Accumulation in Apple.

Vacuolar malic acid accumulation largely determines fruit acidity, a key trait for the taste and flavor of apple and other fleshy fruits. Aluminum-activated malate transporter 9 (ALMT9/Ma1) underlies a major genetic locus, Ma, for fruit acidity in apple, but how the protein transports malate across the tonoplast is unclear. Here, it is shown that overexpression of the coding sequence of Ma1 (Ma1α) drastically decreases fruit acidity in "Royal Gala" apple, leading to uncovering alternative splicing underpins Ma1's function.

Bimetallic sulfide/N-doped carbon composite derived from Prussian blue analogues/cellulose nanofibers film toward enhanced oxygen evolution reaction.

Exploiting effective, stable, and cost-efficient electrocatalysts for the water oxidation reaction is highly desirable for renewable energy conversion techniques. Constructional design and compositional manipulation are widely used approaches to efficaciously boost the electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we designed a NiFe-bimetallic sulfide/N-doped carbon composite a two-step thermal treatment of Prussian blue analogues/cellulose nanofibers (PBA/CNFs) film.

Vacuolar proteomic analysis reveals tonoplast transporters for accumulation of citric acid and sugar in citrus fruit.

Vacuole largely dictates the fruit taste and flavor, as most of the sugars and organic acids are stored in the vacuoles of the fruit. However, difficulties associated with vacuole separation severely hinder identification and characterization of vacuolar proteins in fruit species. In this study, we established an effective approach for separating vacuoles and successfully purified vacuolar protein from six types of citrus fruit with varying patterns of sugar and organic acid contents.

Pangenome analysis provides insight into the evolution of the orange subfamily and a key gene for citric acid accumulation in citrus fruits.

The orange subfamily (Aurantioideae) contains several Citrus species cultivated worldwide, such as sweet orange and lemon. The origin of Citrus species has long been debated and less is known about the Aurantioideae. Here, we compiled the genome sequences of 314 accessions, de novo assembled the genomes of 12 species and constructed a graph-based pangenome for Aurantioideae.

Regulation of drought tolerance in Arabidopsis involves the PLATZ4-mediated transcriptional repression of plasma membrane aquaporin PIP2;8.

Plant A/T-rich protein and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress responses. However, how PLATZ influences plant drought tolerance remains poorly understood. The present study showed that PLATZ4 increased drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by causing stomatal closure.

The functional analysis of sugar transporter proteins in sugar accumulation and pollen tube growth in pummelo ().

Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play vital roles in sugar transport and allocation of carbon sources in plants. However, the evolutionary dynamics of this important gene family and their functions are still largely unknown in citrus, which is the largest fruit crop in the world. In this study, fourteen non-redundant CgSTP family members were identified in pummelo ().

Diagnostic identification of chronic insomnia using ALFF and FC features of resting-state functional MRI and logistic regression approach.

This study investigated whether the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) features could be used as potentially neurological markers to identify chronic insomnia (CI) using resting-state functional MRI and machine learning method logistic regression (LR). This study included 49 CI patients and 47 healthy controls (HC). Voxel-wise features, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC), were extracted from resting-state functional magnetic resonance brain images.

Current insights in molecular characterization of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and treatment.

There is a continuously rising incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) around the world, which parallels the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases. NAFLD is a range of liver conditions that contains simple non-alcoholic fatty liver and advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In serious cases, NAFLD may develop into cirrhosis or even liver cancer.