Integration of Gene Expression and Digital Histology to Predict Treatment-Specific Responses in Breast Cancer.

Deep learning models applied to digital histology can predict gene expression signatures (GES) and offer a low-cost, rapidly available alternative to molecular testing at the time of diagnosis. We optimized transformer-based models to infer GES results and applied this approach to pre-treatment H&E-stained biopsies from 1,940 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical trial and real-world cohorts. The most predictive histology-derived GES for pathologic complete response (pCR) in the I-SPY2 trial was validated in four external cohorts: CALGB 40601, CALGB 40603, a trial of durvalumab plus CT, and standard-of-care CT-treated patients from the University of Chicago.

The global landscape of the evolving nurses' roles and core competency in primary healthcare: An expanding umbrella review.

Background: A transformative primary healthcare system that delivers effective, efficient and equitable care services is imperative to tackle the ever-emerging challenges to population health such as the surging major lifestyle risks, mental health issues, the burden of chronic care and novel infectious diseases. Nurses, as one of the major service stakeholders in this global agenda, needs to proactively seek role advancement and competency development in primary healthcare. This process can be facilitated by seeking a comprehensive understanding of the global landscape of nurses' roles and competencies in primary healthcare.

Good Learners Are Poor Monitors: A Negative Relation Between Learning Ability and Monitoring Accuracy.

Effective learning involves not only the ability to quickly acquire knowledge and skills, but also the capacity to accurately monitor one's ongoing learning progress. The present research probed the relation between learning ability and monitoring accuracy. A meta-analysis (Study 1, = 2,406) counterintuitively found that individuals with superior learning ability exhibited slightly poorer monitoring accuracy (measured as the resolution of judgments of learning).

Constructing a Type-II CuO@amorphous FeO Core-Shell p-n Heterostructure for Highly Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Amorphous semiconductors have been proposed as ideal platforms for chemical mechanism (CM) based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Nevertheless, the high recombination rates of photo-generated excitons hinder further enhancement of their SERS performance. Here, a type-II CuO@amorphous FeO (a-FeO) core-shell p-n heterostructure is demonstrated as a novel platform for highly sensitive SERS detection.

Ophthalmological Question Answering and Reasoning Using OpenAI o1 vs Other Large Language Models.

Importance: OpenAI's recent large language model (LLM) o1 has dedicated reasoning capabilities, but it remains untested in specialized medical fields like ophthalmology. Evaluating o1 in ophthalmology is crucial to determine whether its general reasoning can meet specialized needs or if domain-specific LLMs are warranted.

Objective: To assess the performance and reasoning ability of OpenAI's o1 compared with other LLMs on ophthalmological questions.

Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Oxidative Damage via the miR-191-5p/DAPK1/AKT Axis in Type 2 Diabetes.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (hucMSC-EVs) exhibit remarkable potential for alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the role of hucMSC-EVs in T2DM, particularly concerning oxidative damage to pancreatic β cells, remains underexplored. This study utilized a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM mouse model and an STZ-induced INS-1 cell damage model to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hucMSC-EVs.

Synergistic Defect and Heterojunction Engineering for Significantly Increased Raman Enhancement on Monolayer Metallic Transition Metal Chalcogenide Nanosheets.

2D transition metal chalcogenide nanosheets (TMC NSs) have been recognized as ideal platforms for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Nevertheless, the unsatisfying Raman enhancement exerts a substantial restriction on their practical applications. Herein, a strategy is demonstrated simultaneously integrating defect and heterojunction engineering within metallic TMC NSs for highly sensitive SERS detection of analytes.

Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Synergizing with Neutrophil Recruitment Boosts Drug-Resistant Bacterial Clearance.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria produce some virulence factors as immune evasion molecules that interfere with a variety of innate immune defenses, which is associated with reduced levels of neutrophil recruitment. Antibiotics and neutrophils recruited by endogenous chemokines are not able to efficiently eliminate the bacteria at the site of infection. Here, a nano-chemoattractant (fZnCB) is developed with photodynamic therapy and neutrophil recruitment by a multi-component self-assembly strategy to coordinate benzoxaborole-modified Chlorin e6 (Ce6-BN) and formylated peptides (fMLFH) through Zn.

Three-dimensional MRI-CT image fusion technique as an innovative strategy for dissolution and removal of facial fillers in specific portions.

Objectives: We explored the potential use of MRI-CT three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in the extraction of facial fillers.

Methods: In this investigation, pre and postoperative MRI-CT 3D reconstructions were performed on a cohort of 28 patients who underwent filler removal therapy. The efficiency of filler removal in critical facial regions was quantitatively assessed, and patient satisfaction was evaluated using a standardized Likert scale.

Microwave synthesis of CMF@FeO-CN: a highly dispersible magnetically recyclable photocatalyst for efficient Rh B degradation.

Polluted water poses a significant threat to human health and ecological balance, necessitating the development of efficient and cost-effective water purification technologies. This study synthesized a composite photocatalytic material (CMF@FeO-CN) using a microwave radiation synchrotron cooling technique. This material incorporates iron oxide-doped g-CN and in-situ micro-fibrillated cellulose, exhibiting high dispersion stability and magnetic recyclability.

HANDSON Hand: Strategies and Approaches for Competitive Success at CYBATHLON 2024.

A significant number of people with disabilities rely on assistive devices, yet these technologies often face limitations, including restricted functionality, inadequate user-centered design, and a lack of standardized evaluation metrics. While upper-limb prosthetics remain a key research focus, existing commercial solutions still fall short of meeting daily reliability and usability needs, leading to high abandonment rates. CYBATHLON integrates assistive technologies into daily living tasks, driving innovation and prioritizing user needs.

Evaluation of the anti-leukemia activity and underlying mechanisms of the novel perinucleolar compartment inhibitor CTI-2 in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal hematological tumor originating from immature myeloid cells and is the most prevalent type of leukemia in adults. Traditional chemotherapy regimens based on cytarabine and anthracycline agents are associated with a high relapse rate. Therefore, investigation of novel targeted therapies is crucial for improving AML treatment outcomes.

Intercultural competence of Chinese students abroad: An investigation under Sino-foreign Cooperative Education Programs.

The rapid growth of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education Programs highlights the critical role of intercultural competence (IC) for Chinese students studying abroad. While extensive research exists on domestic contexts, empirical studies on Chinese students' experiences at foreign partner institutions remain scarce. This study addresses this gap by examining the intercultural competence of Chinese students in these programs and identifying key factors influencing their development.

Effect of substrate size reduction and periodic nutrient supplementation on biological wood oxidation.

Biological wood oxidation (BWO) is a composting heat recovery system tailored for woody lignocellulose valorization, with the potential to generate sustainable and low-temperature heat. This study investigated the effects of feedstock particle sizing and periodic nutrient supplementation (PNS) on microbial activity and wood decomposition during BWO. Birch wood was processed into sawdust (<5 mm) and cubes of various diameters (5, 10, and 15 mm), incubated in batch-mode BWO reactors for 88 days, and periodically supplemented with a nutrient medium.

Parallel high-speed random bit generation based on wideband chaotic microcomb and wavelet high-pass filtering.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a parallel ultra-fast random bit generation (RBG) scheme based on wideband chaotic microcomb, which utilizes a phase modulation and dispersive component broadening spectrum. The effective bandwidth of each comb tooth is increased by over 10-fold. Wavelet high-pass filtering (WHPF) is employed to make the probability density functions (PDFs) of the chaotic signal's amplitude unbiased, achieving high symmetry with a skewness coefficient |S| of 0.

Fabrication of microfibrillated cellulose from biomass by use of carbon nitride with high nitrogen/carbon ratio.

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) as an attractive green bio-based material has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its non-toxicity, degradability, excellent performance, and high aspect ratio. In this study, the g-CN with a high nitrogen/carbon ratio was prepared as a catalyst through the self-polymerization of a nitrogen-rich precursor. The triazole groups at the edges of g-CN were proven to exhibit strong adsorption to biomass and strong alkalinity.

Evaluation of large language models as a diagnostic aid for complex medical cases.

Background: The use of large language models (LLM) has recently gained popularity in diverse areas, including answering questions posted by patients as well as medical professionals.

Objective: To evaluate the performance and limitations of LLMs in providing the correct diagnosis for a complex clinical case.

Design: Seventy-five consecutive clinical cases were selected from the Massachusetts General Hospital Case Records, and differential diagnoses were generated by OpenAI's GPT3.

Characterizing the Increase in Artificial Intelligence Content Detection in Oncology Scientific Abstracts From 2021 to 2023.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) models can generate scientific abstracts that are difficult to distinguish from the work of human authors. The use of AI in scientific writing and performance of AI detection tools are poorly characterized.

Methods: We extracted text from published scientific abstracts from the ASCO 2021-2023 Annual Meetings.

SERS Detection of Trace Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines Based on Amorphous MoO Monolayers.

Aromatic amines are important commercial chemicals, but their carcinogenicity poses a threat to humans and other organisms, making their rapid quantitative detection increasingly urgent. Here, amorphous MoO (a-MoO) monolayers with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect in the visible region are designed for the trace detection of carcinogenic aromatic amine molecules. The hot-electron fast decay component of a-MoO decreases from 301 fs to 150 fs after absorption with methyl orange (MO) molecules, indicating the plasmon-induced hot-electron transfer (PIHET) process from a-MoO to MO.

Enhanced Chemoradiotherapy for MRSA-Infected Osteomyelitis Using Immunomodulatory Polymer-Reinforced Nanotherapeutics.

The eradication of osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant challenge due to its development of biofilm-induced antibiotic resistance and impaired innate immunity, which often leads to frequent surgical failure. Here, the design, synthesis, and performance of X-ray-activated polymer-reinforced nanotherapeutics that modulate the immunological properties of infectious microenvironments to enhance chemoradiotherapy against multidrug-resistant bacterial deep-tissue infections are reported. Upon X-ray radiation, the proposed polymer-reinforced nanotherapeutic generates reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species.

Microvascular Network Remodeling in the Ischemic Mouse Brain Defined by Light Sheet Microscopy.

Background: Until now, the analysis of microvascular networks in the reperfused ischemic brain has been limited due to tissue transparency challenges.

Methods: Using light sheet microscopy, we assessed microvascular network remodeling in the striatum from 3 hours to 56 days post-ischemia in 2 mouse models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting 20 or 40 minutes, resulting in mild ischemic brain injury or brain infarction, respectively. We also examined the effect of a clinically applicable S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) analog, FTY720 (fingolimod), on microvascular network remodeling.