Release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from tire road wear particles in simulated digestive fluids: release rules and influencing factors.

The behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released from tire road wear particles (TRWPs) in human digestive fluids may pose a significant risk to human health. However, the current understanding of the release pattern and influencing factors of PAHs from TRWPs is still insufficient. In this study, the release characteristics of PAHs from UV-aging TRWPs (ATRWPs) were systematically investigated by in vitro digestive simulation experiments, release kinetic model fitting and control variable experiments.

Enhanced Thermal Transport in Aramid Composite Films via Intrinsic Interfacial Interaction and Synergistic Orientation.

The heat dissipation of high-power chips places higher demands on the thermal conductivity () of polymer-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) to ensure the stable operation of the chips. However, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) greatly restricts further improvement. Herein, 1D multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with carboxyl (CNTs-) were introduced to the aramid matrix via blade coating, and a strategy of the intrinsic interfacial interaction and synergistic orientation was ingeniously adopted to enhance thermal transport.

Efficacy and safety of perampanel in critically ill pediatric patients with refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus: a retrospective study from a Chinese tertiary medical center.

Objective: Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological emergency in critically ill children. Limited data exist regarding the use of perampanel for benzodiazepine-resistant SE in this population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of perampanel in Chinese critically ill children and adolescents with SE.

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a High Temperature Stable Magnetorheological Fluid with Shear-Thinning Resistance.

Magnetorheological fluid exhibits shear-thinning behavior when subjected to high temperature environments exceeding 100 °C, which will significantly compromise the operational stability and reliability of the associated mechanical systems. To enhance the performance of magnetorheological fluid, this study selects soft magnetic particles, base carrier fluid, and surfactants based on their resistance to high temperatures and shear-thinning effects. A novel magnetorheological fluid with enhanced thermal stability and shear stability is subsequently developed by carefully selecting flake-shaped carbonyl iron powder, dimethyl silicone oil, and surfactant exhibiting both sedimentation stability and high temperature resistance.

Regulation mechanism of Tratt. () fruit vinegar on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids as a pathological feature. Previous studies have demonstrated that Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit vinegar (RFV) played an important role in intervening in obesity and related complications by regulating the intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet mice.

Titanium-Containing Zincophilic Interface Enables Fast Kinetics and Ultrahigh-Rate Dendrite-Free Zn Anodes.

Aqueous Zn-metal batteries are recognized as the forefront of the next-generation energy supply models due to their impressive capacity, high safety, and abundant resources. But excessive Zn dendrite growth, uncontrollable parasitic reactions, and notorious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) seriously impede the durability of Zn metal anodes. Herein, the surface of Zn anode is reconstructed by decorating with a zincophilic TiHCF-TiO (TTO) interface layer, simultaneously achieving suppression of HER and homogenizing the electric field and Zn flux distributions at the anode interface to ensure uniform Zn deposition.

Crystal Phase Engineering of Carbon Nitride: Advances in Regulation Strategies and Photocatalytic Applications.

Crystal phase engineering emerges as a pivotal strategy to overcome the inherent limitations (e.g., structural defects, rapid charge recombination, and insufficient light absorption), plaguing conventional graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) synthesized by thermal polymerization for photocatalysis.

The spatial-temporal pattern of RMT network stability in the estuarine phytoplankton community.

Ecosystem stability is a central focus in ecological research. Despite the proliferation of stability measurement indices in recent years, they tend to have specific conditions and do not provide a widely applicable network index for measuring stability. In this research, we established an indicator to assess network stability, and compared the network stability features in estuarine phytoplankton networks from a temporal and spatial perspective.

Examining the role of Chinese language learners' grit and self-efficacy on their engagement in artificial intelligence-driven settings.

Background: The presentation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the educational domain has turned conventional learning settings into advanced tools that maximize the performance of students. Engagement is a crucial determinant of students' success in AI-driven settings. However, identifying how psychological variables like self-efficacy and grit influence engagement in such settings is an emerging area in education.

Rolling Bearing Degradation Identification Method Based on Improved Monopulse Feature Extraction and 1D Dilated Residual Convolutional Neural Network.

To address the challenges of extracting rolling bearing degradation information and the insufficient performance of conventional convolutional networks, this paper proposes a rolling bearing degradation state identification method based on the improved monopulse feature extraction and a one-dimensional dilated residual convolutional neural network (1D-DRCNN). First, the fault pulse envelope waveform features are extracted through phase scanning and synchronous averaging, and a two-stage grid search strategy is employed to achieve FCC calibration. Subsequently, a 1D-DRCNN model is constructed to identify rolling bearing degradation states under different working conditions.

Real-Time Temperature Effects on Dynamic Impact Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance Concrete.

Metallurgical equipment foundations exposed to prolonged 300-500 °C environments are subject to explosion risks, necessitating materials that are resistant to thermo-shock-coupled loads. This study investigated the real-time dynamic compressive behavior of high-performance concrete (HPC) reinforced with steel fibers (SFs), polypropylene fibers (PPFs), polyvinyl alcohol fibers (PVAFs), and their hybrid systems under thermo-shock coupling using real-time high-temperature (200-500 °C) SHPB tests. The results revealed temperature-dependent dynamic responses: SFs exhibited a V-shaped trend in compressive strength evolution (minimum at 400 °C), while PPFs/PVAFs showed inverted V-shaped trends (peaking at 300 °C).

Constructing SnO/SnSe heterostructures anchored on reduced graphene oxide for advanced Lithium-ion batteries.

Tin-based compounds have an ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low oxidation-reduction potential, making them as a very important type of anode matrix for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, the enormous volume dilatation causes structural collapse, limiting its cyclic stability. Herein, a nanoscale SnO/SnSe@rGO has been designed, in which the interface of SnO/SnSe heterostructure generates a built-in electric field, improving charge transfer efficiency.

How did the urban and rural resident basic medical insurance integration affect medical costs?-Evidence from China.

The Urban and Rural Residents' Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) aims to improve access to medical services, increase medical insurance benefits to reduce medical costs, and ultimately achieve medical equity. However, in the practice of the policy, the medical costs of Chinese residents have not been reduced. To assess the impact of URRBMI on Chinese residents' healthcare resource utilization and medical costs, this study explores the fixed-effects DID methodology using CHARLS data for 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020, explains the reasons for the rise in healthcare costs in terms of two paths, namely, demand release and moral hazard.

Alloying Design Strategies for High-Performance Zn Anodes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety, low cost, and environmental sustainability. However, in practical applications, AZIBs are constrained by the adverse reactions originating from the zinc anodes, including dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reaction, corrosion, and passivation, which hinder their large-scale commercialization. Nowadays, alloying strategies have been recognized as efficient approaches to address these limitations and have gained significant attention.

Fault Diagnosis Method for Shearer Arm Gear Based on Improved S-Transform and Depthwise Separable Convolution.

To address the limitations in time-frequency feature representation of shearer arm gear faults and the issues of parameter redundancy and low training efficiency in standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs), this study proposes a diagnostic method based on an improved S-transform and a Depthwise Separable Convolutional Neural Network (DSCNN). First, the improved S-transform is employed to perform time-frequency analysis on the vibration signals, converting the original one-dimensional signals into two-dimensional time-frequency images to fully preserve the fault characteristics of the gear. Then, a neural network model combining standard convolution and depthwise separable convolution is constructed for fault identification.

Development of silica-modified biochar for sustainable and efficient stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash.

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) is a hazardous solid waste, and its safe disposal is a global concern. Solidification and stabilization are promising treatment solutions, but there is an urgent need to develop efficient and economical chemical stabilizers to address this major challenge. Herein, we developed a layered silicon-modified biochar (Si-BC) as a chemical stabilizer for immobilizing heavy metals in MSWI FA.

Mixed matrix membrane of Pebax-1657 incorporated with HO-modified ball-milled biochar for enhanced CO separation.

Biochar derived from wheat straw was prepared and subsequently modified with hydrogen peroxide through ball milling, yielding ball-milled wheat straw biochar (BMWB). BMWB/Pebax mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by incorporating BMWB into Pebax-1657, and their CO separation performance was evaluated. The results showed that ball milling successfully reduced the biochar particle size, increased its specific surface area, and strengthened the intensity of surface functional groups.

Enhancing microscale printing accuracy in LCD-based 3D printing using an immobilized release film.

With the development of 3D printing technology, liquid crystal display (LCD)-based 3D printing offers a cost-effective solution for microfluidic device fabrication, yet its microscale precision remains limited. The accuracy of printing molds can be improved by reducing the adhesion force between the cured resin and release film. However, the adhesion force between the LCD screen and release film and the deformation of the release film in the separation process are still ignored.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of composite materials of concrete and foamed cement under uniaxial compression.

To investigate the mechanical properties of concrete-foamed cement composite specimens (C-FCCS), uniaxial compression tests were conducted on composite specimens with varying proportions and strengths of foamed cement. The analysis focused on the peak compressive strength, peak strain, macroscopic failure morphology, and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of C-FCCS. The experimental results indicate that the peak compressive strength of C-FCCS exhibits a negative correlation with the proportion of foamed cement and a positive correlation with the proportion of concrete.

Stereoselective synthesis of pyrano[2,3-]pyrazolone derivatives light-induced NHC catalyzed [4 + 2] annulations.

Herein, chiral pyrano[2,3-]pyrazolone derivatives bearing vicinal tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters have been synthesized light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 4-arylidenylpyrazolones and α-diazoketones in moderate to good yields with good enantio- and diastereoselectivities (24 examples, up to 93% yield, 95% ee and >20 : 1 dr). This protocol features mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, and broad substrate scope.

Suppressing Jahn-Teller Distortion in Manganese Oxides for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Manganese oxides (MnO) have been confirmed as the most promising candidates for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their cost-effectiveness, high theoretical capacity, high voltage platforms, and environmental friendliness. However, in practical applications, AZIBs are hindered by the Jahn-Teller distortion (JTD) effect, primarily induced by Mn (te) in octahedral coordination, which leads to severe structural deformation, rapid capacity fading, and poor cycling stability. This review systematically outlines the fundamental mechanisms of JTD in MnO cathodes, including electronic structure changes, lattice distortions, and their side effects on Zn storage performance.

Electrochemical site-selective C(sp)-H amination of alkyl substituted indoles and pyrroles.

Precise cleavage of a C(sp)-H bond among multi-C(sp)-H bonds with similar properties is highly valuable yet remains challenging. Herein, we develop an electrochemical site-selective C(sp)-H amination of C2-methyl/ethyl indoles and pyrroles, achieving moderate-to-high yields without the need for external oxidants or metal catalysts. The reaction exhibits excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate compatibility.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for arsenic remediation: a brief overview of recent progress.

Arsenic is one of the most common groundwater contaminants causing serious environmental and health problems worldwide. Arsenic remediation using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offers a promising approach for arsenic removal owing to their structural tunability, adjustable pore size, and large surface area. This review explores the adsorption mechanisms, versatile functionality, and dimensionality of MOFs, highlighting their potential for arsenic removal.

Enhanced Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over Basic Site-Rich Pd/AlO Hollow Sphere Catalyst.

Formic acid (FA) is regarded as a safe and practical hydrogen carrier owing to its favorable storage and handling characteristics. However, achieving efficient and selective FA dehydrogenation under mild conditions remains a significant challenge. In this study, the decomposition pathway of FA was found to be highly dependent on the acid-base characteristics of the catalyst support, with basic surfaces preferentially favoring the dehydrogenation route.

Predicting sorption of organic pollutants on soils with interpretable machine learning.

The sorption of organic pollutants (OPs) on soils plays a critical role in determining the environmental fate and transport of these compounds, which has been extensively studied. However, the complex nonlinear relationships between adsorption capacity and multiple influencing factors, as well as the relative contributions of these factors to adsorption behavior, remain inadequately understood. This study develops five machine learning (ML) models-support vector machine (SVM), deep neural networks (DNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBT), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT)-using a dataset of 352 data points from previous studies to predict OPs sorption on soils based on multiple factors.