Photoredox/Cobalt Cooperative Catalysis for Cycloisomerization of 1,6-Enynes.

Under visible-light photocatalysis facilitated by cobalt coordination, a highly regio- and stereoselective cycloisomerization reaction of 1,6-enynes has been developed. This method enables the efficient synthesis of various skipped 1,4-diene products with excellent stereoselectivity, using commercially available cobalt catalysts, ligands, and reagents. Notably, the reaction exhibits remarkable regioselectivity (>20:1), stereoselectivity (/ > 20:1), and high yields (58-92%) under mild conditions, along with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.

Hetero-Hydrazone Photoswitches.

The fine-tuning of the (photo)physical properties of molecular photoswitches remains an active area of research, and recently, the incorporation of heterocycles into photoswitch scaffolds has emerged as an effective strategy in this vein. To assess the influence that heterocyclic rings have on hydrazone-based systems, we synthesized a series of photoswitches and examined the impact that heterocycles have on the switching efficiency. TD-DFT calculations and structure-property analyses revealed that heterocycles with basic nitrogen and secondary hydrogen-bonding sites (e.

Dynamic dual-mode terahertz device with nonvolatile switching for integrated on-chip and free-space applications.

Terahertz communication systems demand versatile devices capable of simultaneously controlling propagating waves and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in far-field (FF) and near-field (NF) channels, yet existing solutions are constrained by volatile operation, single-function limitations, and the inability to integrate NF and FF functionalities. Here, we present a nonvolatile reconfigurable terahertz metasurface platform leveraging the phase-change material GeSbTe(GST) to achieve on-demand dual-channel modulation-a first in the terahertz regime. By exploiting the stark conductivity contrast of GST between amorphous and crystalline states, our design enables energy-efficient switching between NF-SPP manipulation and FF-wavefront engineering without requiring continuous power input.

Recreational screen time and adolescents' school adjustment based on latent profile analysis: The mediating role of perceived physical health.

This study surveyed 12529 adolescents and employed latent profile analysis to explore the types of adolescents' school adjustment. Multiple linear regression and the Bootstrap method were used to investigate the predictive role of recreational screen time in adolescents' school adjustment and the mediating mechanism of perceived physical health. The results revealed three types of school adjustment in adolescents: "Ideal Type", "Growth Type", and "Ambivalent Type".

Isolation, Purification, and Preparation of Taxinine-Loaded Liposomes for Improved Anti-Hepatocarcinogenic Activity.

Liver cancer is the fourth most deadly cancer worldwide, but existing treatment options are insufficient, thus highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic agents. Taxanes, known for their anticancer properties, provide a promising avenue for intervention. In this study, a tetracyclic taxane compound with antitumor activity (taxinine) was extracted and isolated from Taxus chinensis (T.

Zirconium ferrite nanoparticles as smart materials for energy and environmental applications: fractional-order supercapacitors, reservoirs of F ions, and efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting.

A novel electrocatalyst, zirconium ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) (ZrFeO NPs), was synthesized through coprecipitation and calcination processes at 300 °C and 500 °C using iron rust. The ZrFeO NPs were used as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Furthermore, these NPs in an alkaline medium exhibited superior properties of a fractional order supercapacitor, based on which a prototype device was fabricated to demonstrate its energy storage applications.

Predicting infant vocabulary from neural connectivity and maternal speech: A machine learning approach.

Identifying early predictors of language development is essential for understanding how infants acquire vocabulary during the first years of life. While previous studies have established the importance of infant-directed speech (IDS) and neural speech processing, this longitudinal study introduces a novel approach by combining EEG-based functional connectivity analysis and machine learning to assess the joint contribution of maternal and infant neural factors to language outcomes. Data were collected at birth and nine months, including maternal personality and speech characteristics, alongside infant EEG responses during speech processing.

Single Te Nanoribbon for Disrupting Conventional Sensitivity-Power Limits of Flexible Strain Sensors.

Flexible strain sensors are pivotal for the advancement of robotics, wearable healthcare, and human-machine interaction in the post-Moore era. However, conventional materials struggle to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, a broad strain range, and low power consumption for cutting-edge applications. In this work, the issue is addressed through single crystal 1D tellurium nanoribbons (NRs), which are synthesized on SiO/Si substrate by hydrogen-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.

Adolescent obesity and insulin resistance: The role of anthropometric indicators in metabolic health.

The present study investigates the relationship between obesity and metabolic, hormonal, and clinical indicators in adolescent girls. A total of 75 girls aged 15-19 years (mean age: 17.53 ± 1.

Unveiling the Severity of Pedestrian Traffic Crashes in South Australia: Age-based Insights and Safety Implications.

Pedestrian crashes are a global safety issue impacting all age groups, and despite extensive research, understanding the severity of crashes among different age groups has remained incomplete. Older and young pedestrians represent two distinct demographics with unique vulnerabilities. This paper examines the factors that impact the severity of pedestrian crashes resulting in Killed or Serious Injuries in South Australia over ten years (2012-2020) for two age groups, namely young pedestrians (age < 18) and older pedestrians (age > 65).

Developing a Pressure Injury Predictive Indicator System for Data Mining in Health Care Information Systems: A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study.

Objective: Prevalence of hospital-acquired pressure injury (PI), as a critical measurement of medical care quality, has shown an upward trend. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive indicators of potential PIs and ensure that the predictive indicators can automatically be mined from electronic medical record systems.

Methods: The methods include 2 parts.

LWLCM: A novel lightweight stream cipher using logistic chaos function and multiplexer for IoT communications.

The Internet of Things (IoT) includes vehicles, homes, and integrated sensors and many interconnected physical devices that gather and share data to interact with their environment. Data moving across multiple levels is vulnerable to various security threats, including leaks and unauthorized access. IoT faces significant challenges in balancing strict security with optimal performance metrics such as energy efficiency, throughput, and memory.

Unmasking the Men Who Produce Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM): Criminal Diversity and Sociodemographic Characteristics.

Child sexual abuse material (CSAM) production poses a grave and evolving threat, causing revictimization through the circulation of material for years. The availability of online technology has enabled sophisticated methods of CSAM production and police evasion. The aims of this study were to explore the sociodemographic features of those with a history of CSAM production, explore criminal sub-types of those who produce CSAM, and explore the sociodemographic and criminal features of possible sub-types.

Microscopic Analysis of Degradation and Breakdown Kinetics in HfO Gate Dielectric after Ions Irradiation.

We combine experiments and simulations to investigate the degradation dynamics and dielectric breakdown (BD) of SiO/HfO gate stacks irradiated with varying doses of 40 MeV carbon ions. The analysis of postirradiation electrical characteristics (current-voltage, -, capacitance-voltage, -, and conductance-voltage, -) reveals that the HfO layer is the most affected by irradiation-induced damage, leading to the formation of defects consistent with oxygen vacancies. Postirradiation constant voltage stress (CVS) experiments reveal an inverse dependence of time to breakdown () and Weibull slopes (β) on the irradiation dose.

Heterogeneity-aware high-efficiency federated learning with hybrid synchronous-asynchronous splitting strategy.

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising privacy-preserving framework for collaborative global model training without exposing local private data. However, system heterogeneity in FL causes the straggler issue, where resource-limited edge devices delay global model aggregation. Existing approaches, such as asynchronous mechanisms or kick-out methods, primarily focus on optimizing model convergence efficiency but often overlook edge resource constraints, potentially resulting in model bias toward high-performance devices or omission of critical data.

Family Communication to Enhance Adolescent Depression Recovery-Intervention Development Protocol.

Aim: To develop a structured intervention aimed at enhancing family communication to reduce relapse in adolescents with depression.

Design: This study follows a multi-stage process guided by the Intervention Mapping procedure with the Medical Research Council framework, assessing the layers of complexity. Its design comprises four interrelated stages to construct a family communication intervention, culminating in a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Solvent-dependent reactivity of azo-BF switches.

Azo-BF complexes are visible and near-infrared (NIR) light-activated photoswitches showcasing versatility in applications ranging from energy storage to three-dimensional displays. While highly appealing as molecular switches, factors that affect their photophysical properties and solution-state reactivity still need to be teased out. In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterization of two azo-BF analogues (1 and 2), each modified with structurally distinct dimethylamine-substituted naphthalene moieties.

Cyclodextrins in action: Modulating biofilm formation and morphology.

The primary objective of this research was to explore the bioactive potential of cyclodextrins in attenuating biofilm formation in . The concentration-dependent effects of both native cyclodextrins and specific derivatives were studied at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 12.

Acrylamide-Linked Water-Soluble Nitroxide Biradicals with Enhanced Electron-Electron Couplings for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 14.1 T.

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has emerged as a powerful technique to overcome the sensitivity limit of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy through polarizing agents (PAs) carrying unpaired electrons. Nitroxide biradical-based PAs have garnered great attention due to their superior DNP performance. Here, we report TJPols─water-soluble acrylamide-linked nitroxide biradicals featuring facile large-scale synthesis.

Drug Repurposing Investigation for Combating Ebola Virus Disease: Database Mining, Docking Calculations, Molecular Dynamics, and Density Functional Theory Study.

Ebola virus (EBOV), one of the deadliest diseases, is responsible for infecting individuals with hemorrhagic fever syndrome, which remains an ongoing worldwide health concern. The extremely deadly nature and virulence of EBOV illness illuminate the imperative need to evolve effective curative agents. Viral protien (VP35) acts as an Achilles heel for EBOV reproduction and also interacts with numerous human proteins, which leads to impairing the immune system.

A Comprehensive Review of Electrochemical Metallization and Valence Change Mechanisms in Filamentary Resistive Switching of Halide Perovskite-Based Memory Devices.

Halide perovskites (HPs) are gaining significant attention in data storage, particularly for their application in resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) systems. Their exceptional electrical and light absorption properties position them as potentially revolutionary materials for the memory industry. The use of HPs as resistive switching (RS) materials in ReRAMs is driven by their observed current-voltage hysteresis.

An innovative plastic boat utilizing macroscopic openings for efficient oil spill cleanup on water.

Oil leak accidents result in considerable water contamination, severely impacting both the environment and the economy. Thus, prompt and effective responses to clean up oil spills are essential. In this research, an innovative device-a plastic boat-is developed to collect spilled oil on the water surface.

Implementation of inline Raman spectroscopy for buffer exchange monitoring in monoclonal antibody formulation.

Buffer exchange is a critical step in the formulation of monoclonal antibodies, as it ensures protein stability in an appropriate medium. Traditional offline methods used to monitor this process are slow and provide delayed feedback. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy offers a fast, inline, non-invasive alternative that aligns with the principles of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and Quality by Design (QbD).

A switched optimal control strategy in human balancing on a harmonically moving platform.

Postural balance is crucial for human daily activities, and understanding the neural-motor control mechanisms underlying balance performance is essential for improving diagnosis and intervention strategies for balance disorders. This study focuses on the human standing balance task on a harmonically moving platform with anterior-posterior translation, exploring the neural-motor control logic using a switched control strategy. It is hypothesized that humans switch between optimal energy gains and optimal decay gains to maintain balance in a safe and energy-efficient manner with the usage of optimal decay gains being closely related to balancing ability.