Predicting infant vocabulary from neural connectivity and maternal speech: A machine learning approach.

Identifying early predictors of language development is essential for understanding how infants acquire vocabulary during the first years of life. While previous studies have established the importance of infant-directed speech (IDS) and neural speech processing, this longitudinal study introduces a novel approach by combining EEG-based functional connectivity analysis and machine learning to assess the joint contribution of maternal and infant neural factors to language outcomes. Data were collected at birth and nine months, including maternal personality and speech characteristics, alongside infant EEG responses during speech processing.

Unveiling the Severity of Pedestrian Traffic Crashes in South Australia: Age-based Insights and Safety Implications.

Pedestrian crashes are a global safety issue impacting all age groups, and despite extensive research, understanding the severity of crashes among different age groups has remained incomplete. Older and young pedestrians represent two distinct demographics with unique vulnerabilities. This paper examines the factors that impact the severity of pedestrian crashes resulting in Killed or Serious Injuries in South Australia over ten years (2012-2020) for two age groups, namely young pedestrians (age < 18) and older pedestrians (age > 65).

Cyclodextrins in action: Modulating biofilm formation and morphology.

The primary objective of this research was to explore the bioactive potential of cyclodextrins in attenuating biofilm formation in . The concentration-dependent effects of both native cyclodextrins and specific derivatives were studied at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 12.

Acrylamide-Linked Water-Soluble Nitroxide Biradicals with Enhanced Electron-Electron Couplings for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 14.1 T.

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has emerged as a powerful technique to overcome the sensitivity limit of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy through polarizing agents (PAs) carrying unpaired electrons. Nitroxide biradical-based PAs have garnered great attention due to their superior DNP performance. Here, we report TJPols─water-soluble acrylamide-linked nitroxide biradicals featuring facile large-scale synthesis.

Implementation of inline Raman spectroscopy for buffer exchange monitoring in monoclonal antibody formulation.

Buffer exchange is a critical step in the formulation of monoclonal antibodies, as it ensures protein stability in an appropriate medium. Traditional offline methods used to monitor this process are slow and provide delayed feedback. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy offers a fast, inline, non-invasive alternative that aligns with the principles of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and Quality by Design (QbD).

A switched optimal control strategy in human balancing on a harmonically moving platform.

Postural balance is crucial for human daily activities, and understanding the neural-motor control mechanisms underlying balance performance is essential for improving diagnosis and intervention strategies for balance disorders. This study focuses on the human standing balance task on a harmonically moving platform with anterior-posterior translation, exploring the neural-motor control logic using a switched control strategy. It is hypothesized that humans switch between optimal energy gains and optimal decay gains to maintain balance in a safe and energy-efficient manner with the usage of optimal decay gains being closely related to balancing ability.

Rodent models of Alzheimer's disease: Critical analysis of current hypotheses and pathways for future research.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first described over a century ago. However, the mechanisms underlying the disease are not well understood to this day. This has negatively impacted our ability to create animal models to design and test targeted reliable treatments for the disease.

The effect of age, education, and vocabulary size on the speed of word recognition across the lifespan.

Age and language experience both shape the speed of visual word recognition for children and adults. There is a considerable debate in the literature regarding whether these effects are primarily facilitating or impeding and whether the influences of age and language experience can be distinct and delineated. In order to address these questions, we collected data from Hungarian participants, analyzing data from 80 children (ages 9-17) and 387 adults (ages 18-90), on 250 words in an online visual lexical decision task.

Design method of a bidirectional flow meter for a metered dose inhaler.

This paper presents the design of a bidirectional flow meter for metered-dose inhalers, addressing the challenge of accurately measuring airflow over vastly different ranges: 0-150 L/min for inhalation and up to 700 L/min for exhalation to capture peak expiratory flow. The design process utilized numerical simulations to understand the complex flow physics and a series of physical measurements to determine the precise influence of two critical geometric parameters: the width and height of the proposed flow element. Results demonstrate a predictable quadratic relationship between pressure drop and flow rate in both directions.

Personality traits and organizational influences on safety-awareness.

This study examined which personality traits and organizational factors are relevant in predicting safety-awareness behavior among physical workers. Data for this study were obtained from a Hungarian electricity company characterized as a high-risk organization ( = 588). An empirical illustration is provided using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis.

Intelligent Vehicle Target Detection Algorithm Based on Multiscale Features.

To address the issues of false detections and missed detections in object detection for intelligent driving scenarios, this study focuses on optimizing the YOLOv10 algorithm to reduce model complexity while enhancing detection accuracy. The method involves three key improvements. First, it involves the design of multi-scale flexible convolution (MSFC), which can capture multi-scale information simultaneously, thereby reducing network stacking and computational load.

Characterization of a Thermostable α-Amylase from 104.K for Industrial Applications.

This study describes the characterization of a novel thermostable α-amylase from a 104.K strain isolated from the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the thermostable α-amylase belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 5 (GH13_5) and shares high sequence similarity with known α-amylases.

Underfill: A Review of Reliability Improvement Methods in Electronics Production.

The increasing integration and miniaturization of electronic devices place serious pressure on packaging technologies to ensure long-term reliability. Polymer underfill encapsulation is a key process for reducing thermomechanical stress in modern assemblies. A systematic analysis that frames its diverse methods as solutions to the fundamental trade-off between the final polymer composite's thermomechanical performance and its liquid-state processability is lacking from the literature.

Correction: Garmaa et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of microRNA Profiling Studies in Chronic Kidney Diseases. 2024, , 30.

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Driving after stroke: A trichotomous logistic regression model to support decision making in uncertain cases.

Background: Assessing fitness to drive after stroke is a complex clinical task, as even mild cognitive deficits can undermine safety. Due to the substantial overlap in cognitive test results between safe and unsafe drivers, binary classification models inevitably carry a risk of misclassification. This study aimed to develop and validate a logistic regression model that introduces a third, indeterminate category - leaving room for clinicians to withhold judgment in uncertain cases and thereby support more cautious, evidence-based decisions.

Long-term clinical results of early-stage lung cancer patients treated with risk-adapted stereotactic body radiotherapy using LINAC or CyberKnife : A single-institution analysis of more than 400 cases.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and side effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using a gantry-based linear accelerator (LINAC) or robotic technique in a large cohort of consecutively treated medically inoperable early-stage lung cancer patients.

Methods: Between March 2015 and February 2023, 401 early-stage (T1-2 N0 M0) primary lung cancer patients were treated using either LINACs (Varian VitalBeam® and TrueBeam®; Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA) or CyberKnife® (Accuray, Madison, WI, USA). Median age was 70 years (range 44-90).

Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications of Fluorescent Silicon Carbide Quantum Dots.

Earth-abundant, fluorescent silicon carbide (SiC) quantum dots (QDs) have recently attracted remarkable attention on account of their long-term chemical and optical stability and impressive biocompatibility. However, there has been a long-standing debate among researchers concerning whether radiative recombination in SiC QDs is governed by quantum confinement effects or by surface-related states. Herein, the underlying mechanism responsible for the photoluminescence observed in SiC QDs is elucidated.

Surface Chemistry-Driven Oxidation Mechanisms in TiCT MXenes.

TiCT is a leading compound within the MXenes family and can find host in widespread applications. It is synthesized by selectively etching layers from the TiAlC precursor, and this process typically introduces surface terminations, T , such as -OH, =O, or -F. However, the aggressive chemical conditions required for its preparation, as well as exposure to air, humidity, and heat, can lead to impurity phases that potentially compromise its desirable properties.

Discovering Uncharted Binding Pockets on E3 Ligases Leads to the Identification of FBW7 Allosteric Modulators.

E3 ligases are key regulators of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and have emerged as attractive drug target candidates for precise therapeutic intervention. Additionally, their ligands are extremely valuable as handles for Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD). However, only a limited number of E3 ligases have been targeted with small molecules.

Ammonia Vapor-Induced Pseudomorphic Transformation of Mesoporous TiO Sol-Gel Coatings.

This study reports the structural rearrangement of TiO sol-gel coatings via aqueous ammonia vapor-induced pseudomorphic transformation. The coatings were applied to glass, silica-coated glass, and silica-coated silicon substrates. The transformation was initiated by aging the freshly deposited coatingsstill containing the molecular template Pluronic P123in an aqueous ammonia vapor atmosphere, resulting in significant reorganization of the primarily formed structure.

Covalent ligand efficiency.

Ligand efficiency (LE) expresses the binding affinity of the ligand to its protein target normalized by ligand size. Although the concept is well established for noncovalent ligands, its extension to irreversible covalent ligands is not straightforward. Here, we analyze noncovalent and covalent contributions to the affinity and propose a new metric, named covalent ligand efficiency (CLE), which comprises affinity and reactivity information.

Efficacy and Safety of Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatments in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a high recurrence and mortality rate even after complete resection. Therefore, intensification of adjuvant therapies is crucial, though their effectiveness remains controversial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of available treatments by considering the prognostic factors affecting disease outcomes.

Finite-Temperature Quantum Topological Order in Three Dimensions.

We identify a three-dimensional system that exhibits long-range entanglement at sufficiently small but nonzero temperature-it therefore constitutes a quantum topological order at finite temperature. The model of interest is known as the fermionic toric code, a variant of the usual 3D toric code, which admits emergent fermionic pointlike excitations. The fermionic toric code, importantly, possesses an anomalous two-form symmetry, associated with the spacelike Wilson loops of the fermionic excitations.

Reward boosts cognitive control during working memory maintenance.

Working memory (WM) involves short-term maintenance and manipulation of goal-relevant information, with cognitive control playing a crucial role in these processes due to WM's limited capacity. Pupillometry studies show distinct pupillary changes for WM stages, reflecting cognitive effort and load. Motivational incentives enhance WM performance by potentially improving encoding, maintenance, or retrieval, though the specific components influenced by reward remain unclear.