Comparison of lipophilic and size-exclusion membranes: the effect of stirring and cyclodextrin in the donor compartment.

Background And Purpose: The effective transport of an active pharmaceutical ingredient across various membrane systems is critical for enhancing its bioavailability, especially in formulations involving solubilizing agents. This study aims to investigate the permeability differences of carvedilol (CAR) between lipophilic and size-exclusion membranes in the presence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) using side-by-side diffusion cell assays.

Experimental Approach: Solubility and permeability assays confirmed that HP-β-CD significantly enhanced the solubility of CAR, while simultaneously decreasing its permeability, indicating an interplay between the two parameters.

Residual strength of granitic rocks: interplay between GSI and confining pressure.

Residual strength is an important factor in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering, referring to the remaining strength of rocks following considerable deformation or damage. This study investigates the post-failure behavior of granitic rock samples from Bátaapáti, Hungary, using multiple failure triaxial testing and residual strength models. Experimental results show that residual strength is significantly influenced by confining pressure, with values increasing as confinement rises.

Individual Differences in Statistical Learning and Semantic Adaptation: An N400 Study.

Recent empirical results have linked the N400 ERP with predictive language comprehension processes based on statistical learning (SL). However, links between SL abilities and N400 on the level of individual differences have so far been underexplored. The present study tested SL performance in 29 participants using speech segmentation and artificial grammar learning tasks, followed by EEG recordings of their N400 responses to sentences varying in cloze probability (high, intermediate, low).

Azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click) reaction in biomass-derived solvent Cyrene under one-pot conditions.

It was demonstrated that Cyrene, as a biomass-originated polar aprotic solvent, could be utilized as an alternative reaction medium for one-pot copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click or CuAAC) reactions, for the synthesis of various 1,2,3-triazoles under mild conditions. Nineteen products involving -substituted-4-phenyl-1-1,2,3- and 1-allyl-4-substituted-1-1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized under one-pot conditions and isolated with good to excellent yields (50-96%) and purity (>98%). The observed results represent an example that proves that biomass-derived safer solvents can be introduced into a synthetically important transformation exhibiting higher chemical and environmental safety.

Logarithmic kinetics and bundling in random packings of elongated 3D physical links.

We explore the impact of excluded volume interactions on the local assembly of linear physical networks, where nodes are spheres and links are rigid cylinders with varying length. To focus on the effect of elongated links, we introduce a minimal 3D model that helps us zoom into confined regions of these networks whose distant parts are sequentially connected by the random deposition of physical links with a very large aspect ratio. We show that the nonequilibrium kinetics at which these elongated links, or spaghetti, adhere to the available volume without mutual crossings is logarithmic in time, as opposed to the algebraic growth in lower dimensions for needle-like packings.

Multimode Operation of a Superconducting Nanowire Switch in the Nanosecond Regime.

Superconducting circuits are promising candidates for future computational architectures; however, practical applications require fast operation. Here, we demonstrate fast, gate-based switching of an Al nanowire-based superconducting switch in time-domain experiments. We apply voltage pulses to the gate while monitoring the microwave transmission of the device.

Outcomes of Trabeculectomy and Glaucoma Drainage Device Surgery in Congenital Aniridia-Associated Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation in patients with congenital aniridia.

Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved from Embase, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to December 15, 2024. Studies were included if they reported clinical outcomes following trabeculectomy or GDD implantation in individuals with aniridic glaucoma.

Development of Low-Dose Disulfiram Rectal Suppository Intended for Application in Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome.

: Early diagnosis and oral or, in severe cases, intravenous antibiotics are usually effective for Lyme disease, but some patients have persistent symptoms unresponsive to standards of care, requiring alternative therapies. Disulfiram (DIS), a drug for alcoholism, is under investigation as a potential adjunctive treatment, but its low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and safety concerns urge the development of improved formulations for clinical translation. : Screening dissolution and permeation studies were investigated for vehicle and excipient selection, following the pharmacopeia perspectives to develop and optimize the low-dose DIS rectal suppository intended for application in post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS).

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of a New Family of α-Hydroxyphosphonates with the Benzothiophene Scaffold.

: α-Hydroxyphosphonates, one of the most prominent classes of phosphonates, remain of utmost importance because of their potential and real biological activity as pharmaceutical or pesticide agents. The effect is the consequence of their enzyme inhibitory properties. : It was planned to make available new heterocyclic hydroxyphosphonate derivatives with cytotoxic activity.

Friction and wear reduction effect of laser powder bed fusion produced Voronoi structures in lubricated metal-polymer sliding pairs.

The failure of artificial joints is often attributed to wear, prompting researchers to explore effective solutions such as material improvement, surface texturing and coating. This study introduces a novel approach of employing 3D printed Voronoi structures to enhance lubrication in polymer-metal sliding wear, with the aim of extending the longevity of artificial joint systems. Specifically, this study investigates the relationship between the geometries and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V Voronoi structures, paired with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).

Nitrosamine formation in lidocaine active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug products.

N-nitrosamine compounds have long been known for their carcinogenic properties, but they came into the focus of the pharmaceutical industry in 2018 when N-nitrosodimethylamine was detected in the active ingredient Valsartan. Since then, there has been a growing literature on the formation of N-nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. In our study Lidocaine semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical formulations were tested with a limit of 26.

Robotic manipulations of single cells using a large-volume piezoelectric micropipette with nanoliter precision.

Single-cell manipulations are a limiting factor in single-cell omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics), in vitro fertilization, and cloning. Cellular adhesion force often plays a pivotal role in various biological contexts, spanning from lower organisms to the human body. Investigating the mechanism of adhesive interactions at the individual cell level holds significant importance.

Complex investigation of the effect mechanism of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the additive-assisted crystallization of famotidine.

Utilizing the positive impact of additives, including pharmaceutical excipients, to achieve favorable crystal morphology and polymorphism is a widely researched area. Despite the obvious benefits of additive-assisted crystallization, the quantification of process parameter influences on the effect mechanism of additives is usually discussed only from a nucleation inhibition point of view or focusing on technological feasibility. Accordingly, the relevant literature can be divided into technological and mechanism studies, but it lacks a complex combined approach.

Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels.

This study investigates the hydrogen permeability of injection-molded polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites reinforced with organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) at varying concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt. %) for potential use as Type IV composite-overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) liners.

In-line Raman-based quantification of the anhydrous content in a fully integrated continuous powder-to-granule line.

This research is based on a fully integrated continuous twin-screw wet granulation line from powder feeding to dried granules. One of its crucial steps is continuous drying, which can influence the crystal form and thus, the quality of the granules. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to develop a Raman spectroscopic method for monitoring the crystal form transition in-line and real-time during the continuous process while applying different drying temperatures.

Expansion of applicability of multiple scan average dose measurements for CT dosimetry.

The CT dose index (CTDI) can be directly measured only for axial scan protocols; however, these days, helical protocols are applied in most cases, and sometimes axial protocols are not even available. The multiple scan average dose (MSAD) method can address this issue, but it is not widely adopted. This article aims to support the appropriateness of the MSAD method first by showing that it is measurable with the CTDI tools, and second by presenting a simple rule for scan pitch to avoid the main uncertainty of the measurement.

Shaping the Visual Mismatch Response: The Influence of Exogenous Components and Stimulus Placement.

This study investigated the relationship between the pattern-specific event-related potential (ERP) components (C1, C2, C3) and the component specific to automatic change detection in the visual modality (visual mismatch response, vMMR) and the influence of stimulus placement on the latter. These insights would help to understand whether the emergence of vMMR is due to the modulation of exogenous activity or a specific deviant-related activity and advance the methodology of investigating vMMR. In two experiments, we presented checkerboard patterns in passive oddball sequences consisting of frequent (standard) and rare (deviant) events to examine vMMR as a function of the stimulated half-fields.

Wink or blush? Pupil-linked phasic arousal signals both change and uncertainty during assessment of changing environmental regularities.

One main cornerstone of adaptive behavior is belief updating, whereby new and unexpected observations lead to the updating of learned associations between events, behaviors and outcomes. This process necessitates the detection of changed environmental contingencies which in turn leads to uncertainty about the environmental regularities. Change and uncertainty are thus inherently linked, and both constructs have been linked to pupil size changes, which might reflect activity in neural networks underlying belief updating.

Extending the Projection-Based Embedding Technique to Open-Shell Systems Using the Huzinaga Equation.

In this work, we present an approach for the embedding of wave function theory (WFT) and density functional theory (DFT) methods in a lower-level density functional approximation using the projection-based embedding (PbE) technique for open-shell systems. Our method is based on the Huzinaga equation, which is implemented in both spin-restricted and spin-unrestricted forms. While the unrestricted PbE approach has been previously reported in the literature and follows naturally from the theory for closed-shell systems, the restricted formulation required the development of a new theory, building on earlier work by Roothaan (, , , 179) as well as Shaik and Filatov (, , , 429).

Intensive luteal phase support in hormone replacement and modified natural cycle frozen embryo transfers in ovulatory patients: A propensity score-matched study.

Background: The optimal endometrial preparation protocol for frozen embryo transfer (FET) remains controversial, with different cycle regimens and luteal phase support strategies across studies yielding conflicting results. This study aimed to compare the pregnancy outcomes of modified natural cycles (mNC) versus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles, both with intensive luteal support using vaginal micronized progesterone and oral dydrogesterone.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2365 FET cycles (1892 HRT and 473 mNC) in ovulatory women.

Continuous-flow synthesis of 1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-]pyridines towards key intermediates of clinical candidates JNJ-54175446 and zanvipixant (JNJ-55308942) with antidepressant activity.

1,4,6,7-Tetrahydro-5-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-]pyridines are potent antagonists of the P2X7 receptor, a key regulator of neuroinflammation associated with depression. Two clinical candidates, JNJ-54175446 and JNJ-55308942 were developed based on this scaffold, together with a stereoselective synthesis involving a one-pot [3 + 2] cycloaddition/Cope-elimination cascade. Besides challenging regioselectivity, this route raises safety concerns, as both steps involve hazardous reagents.

Predicting PD-L1 expression status in NSCLC using radiomic analysis of 18 F-FDG-PET/CT images.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignancy globally, with prognosis and treatment largely influenced by histological and molecular analyses. Molecular features like PD-L1 positivity help identify patients suitable for immunotherapy. However, obtaining histological samples can be challenging and limited.

Electrochemical restructuring of HO activated copper selenide for CO reduction.

Copper chalcogenides such as CuSe, acknowledged as efficient CO reduction catalysts, do not represent the active phases but rather are precursors or pre-catalysts as they undergo significant transformations under reaction conditions. In this work we have tailored the initial structure of CuSe to steer structural evolution under catalytic conditions and facilitate the generation of the active phases. As-prepared CuSe nanowires were reconstructed through HO and electrochemical treatments, yielding distinct pre-catalysts.

How Beyond-5G and 6G Makes IIoT and the Smart Grid Green-A Survey.

The convergence of next-generation wireless communication technologies and modern energy infrastructure presents a promising path toward sustainable and intelligent systems. This survey explores how beyond-5G and 6G communication technologies can support the greening of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems and smart grids. It highlights the critical challenges in achieving energy efficiency, interoperability, and real-time responsiveness across different domains.

An improved observer design approach for autonomous vehicles using error-based ultra-local model.

The paper presents a novel observer design method for an autonomous vehicle-oriented estimation problem. The design process combines two approaches: the Linear Parameter Varying framework and the error-based ultra-local model. The main goal of the error-based ultra-local model is to deal with the uncertainties and the nonlinearities of the model, whose effects cannot be taken into account during the modeling process.