G Protein-coupled receptors: key targets for maintaining the function of basal ganglia-thalamus-cortical circuits in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, is clinically characterized by resting tremor, rigidity and postural balance disorder. Its pathological essence is the progressive degenerative death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), leading to a significant decrease in striatal dopamine (DA) levels. This results in the dysfunction of basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex (BGTC) circuit.

Recent Progress in Double Filtration Plasmapheresis.

Double-filtration plasmapheresis is an advanced extracorporeal blood purification technique that selectively removes pathogenic macromolecules based on molecular weight. Unlike conventional plasma exchange, double-filtration plasmapheresis uses a two-step filtration process to retain beneficial plasma components such as albumin, while eliminating harmful substances, thereby reducing the need for exogenous plasma replacement. Over the last few decades, double-filtration plasmapheresis has gained prominence in the management of refractory autoimmune, neurological, metabolic, and renal diseases.

RNF126 suppresses amino acid-mediated mTORC1 signaling pathway by ubiquitinating ILF3 in HEK293T cells.

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) serves as a metabolic hub that integrates external nutrients to promote cell growth and metabolism, with its activation closely associated with accelerated cancer progression. Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3) has been identified as a negative regulator of mTORC1 by tethering GATOR1/2 to the lysosomal membrane during amino acid sensing. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the ILF3-mediated mTORC1 signaling pathway remain unclear.

Precision treatment patterns and prognostic analysis: A retrospective study of small-cell lung cancer.

Introduction: In the past decade, the treatment methods for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have undergone advances and diversification. This study aimed to explore the treatment patterns of patients with SCLC and evaluate the efficacy of SCLC treatments in a real clinical setting.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients with limited-stage (LS) and extensive-stage (ES) SCLC who received treatment at Qingdao Central Hospital (Qingdao, China) from August 1, 2016, to April 30, 2023.

Association between advanced lung cancer inflammation index and distant metastasis in breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship between the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index (ALI) and the risk of distant metastasis in breast cancer. While ALI is commonly used to evaluate the prognosis of lung cancer patients, its application in breast cancer and its correlation with distant metastasis are not well understood. Therefore, this study explores the potential of ALI as a predictor of distant metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Keratin 15 promotes tumor growth, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and radioresistance but represses ferroptosis via a Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related way in breast cancer.

Keratin 15 (KRT15) promotes tumor progression in several cancers, but its engagement in breast cancer is seldom uncovered. This study aimed to explore the impact of KRT15 modification on breast cancer growth, mobility, radiosensitivity, ferroptosis, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A lentiviral vector containing short hairpin RNA or complementary DNA targeting KRT15 was transfected into MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in vitro.

TLR2 and IRF8 are the biomarkers associated with hypoxia in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Background: Accumulating evidence has shown that hypoxia harbors a dominant role in pathophysiological mechanisms of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH), but the significance of hypoxia in SONFH is still rarely explored.

Methods: By integrating SONFH gene expression matrix GSE123568 and hypoxia gene sets, the hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. Functional and gene set enrichment analyses were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms of hypoxia-related DEGs.

Motor unit number estimation based on convolutional neural network.

The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan contains a muscle's detailed stimulus-activation information and thereby can be used for motor unit number estimation (MUNE). Due to the challenges in accurately obtaining the motor unit numbers from experimental CMAP scans, most existing MUNE methods rely on data fitting, which is time-consuming and requires manual operations. This study explored the feasibility of a neural network-based MUNE approach and proposes an end-to-end model for rapid estimation.

FN041 Alleviates Radiation Enteritis by Regulating M2 Macrophages Polarization Based on Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites.

Radiotherapy, a common method for treating pelvic and abdominal cancer, can easily result in radiation enteritis (RE). The gut microbiota and its metabolites have a crucial role in regulating macrophage polarization and maintaining immune homeostasis. FN041, derived from human milk, can promote M2 polarization while attenuating RE.

Drug-tolerant persister cell in cancer: reversibility, microenvironmental interplay, and therapeutic strategies.

Drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells are a subpopulation of cancer cells capable of surviving therapeutic stress through reversible, non-genetic adaptations. These cells contribute to minimal residual disease and eventual tumor relapse. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the entry into and exit from the DTP state-such as epigenetic remodeling, metabolic rewiring, and transcriptional plasticity-reveals actionable vulnerabilities.

Nanofibrous dressings incorporating a synergistic antibacterial-anti-inflammatory effect for infected wound healing.

Bacterial infections and chronic inflammation disrupt wound immune homeostasis and impair healing progression. Herein, we report a novel nanofibrous dressings that exhibits a synergistic antibacterial-anti-inflammatory effect through the integration of the physical barrier properties of electrospun nanofibers, the antimicrobial activity of biomacromolecule polylysine (PLys), and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of natural macromolecule tannic acid (TA). Using poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) as the base biomaterial, sequential surface modification with TA and PLys enhanced wettability and introduced a positive surface charge, yielding a dressing with exceptional cytocompatibility and potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

The Role of the Complement C3-Hippocampus Pathway in Relation With Mood Symptoms in Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: Accumulative research indicates key roles of the peripheral inflammation system and hippocampal function in major mood disorders. The complement system modulates inflammatory function and is abnormal in mood disorders, but its precise neural pathway remains unclear. This study investigates the interrelations among complement component 3 (C3) levels, hippocampal function, and mood symptoms among offspring of bipolar disorder (BD) parents who carry familial risk of mood disorders.

Danhong Injection targets CaMKII through Dihydrotanshinone I to alleviate cardiomyocyte death and inflammation in viral myocarditis.

Viral myocarditis, an inflammatory heart disorder caused by viral infections, often leads to poor outcomes due to the lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Despite the characteristic feature of cardiomyocyte death in this condition, the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches remain poorly understood. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), despite its extensive history in treating various diseases, has not yet been approved for the treatment of viral myocarditis.

Machine learning models based on adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein help predict the chronic and lethal outcomes of patients with drug-induced liver injury.

Purpose: Some patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) would progress into chronicity or lethal. Although adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) is essential in liver diseases, its role in DILI is unknown. We aimed to investigate their association and construct predictive models for chronic/lethal DILI using machine learning.

Recent advances and biomedical applications of conductive hydrogels for wound repair.

The skin, serving as the body's primary line of defense against external elements, is easily damaged, forming acute or chronic wounds. Consequently, wound care has generated significant market demand and attracted considerable interest. Conductive hydrogels, cutting-edge materials that effectively merge the extracellular matrix mimicking properties of hydrogels with the electrochemical properties of conductive materials, have garnered substantial attention in tissue engineering.

Targeted Submetabolome Profiling of Bufadienolides in Venenum Bufonis Using Scheduled Diagnostic Product Ion-Pair Filtering and Substructure Recognition-Based Strategy.

Introduction: Venenum bufonis (VB), a traditional animal-derived medicine, exhibits significant antitumor, immunomodulatory, and analgesic activities that are primarily attributed to bufadienolides.

Objective: This study presented a novel targeted submetabolomics strategy for comprehensive profiling of bufadienolides in VB.

Material And Methods: This targeted submetabolome mainly integrated scheduled diagnostic product ion (DPI) pair-based filtering and substructure recognition-based structural assembly based on the LC-MS platform.

Explainable deep learning algorithm for distinguishing IVIG-Resistant Kawasaki disease in Shandong peninsula, China.

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients have a heightened risk of coronary artery lesions. We aimed to explore the predictive factors of IVIG resistance of KD from Shandong Peninsula in China, and established a explainable prediction model based on deep learning.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study include the patients and were divided into two subgroups: IVIG sensitive and IVIG resistance, then arbitrarily partitioned into training set and validation set at a ratio of 8:2.

Multi-omics integration reveals the impact of mediterranean diet on hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota in mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota in mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce MASLD, with normal chow (NC)-fed mice as controls. Post-modeling, MASLD mice were randomized into three groups: HF (continued high-fat diet), HF-NC (switched to normal chow), and HF-MD (switched to MD).

Membrane fusion deficits of acutely isolated synaptic vesicles from the brains of depression-like mice.

Depression is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder increasingly associated with presynaptic dysfunction, particularly impairments in synaptic vesicle (SV)-mediated neurotransmitter release, yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain largely unresolved. In this study, we investigated SV morphology and fusion capability in a chronic variable stress (CVS)-induced mouse model of depression. To enable this analysis, we established an optimized protocol integrating differential centrifugation, density gradient ultracentrifugation, and size exclusion chromatography to isolate high-purity SVs from mouse brain tissue.

Trait anxiety is associated with reduced reward-related replay at rest.

Understanding how we learn about the value and structure of our environment is central to neurocognitive theories of many psychiatric and neurological disorders. Learning processes have been extensively studied during performance of behavioural tasks (online learning) but less so in relation to resting (offline) states. A candidate mechanism for such offline learning is replay, the sequential neural reactivation of past experiences.

Efficacy and safety of toripalimab in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of single-arm trials.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common in East Asia, and treatment options are limited. Toripalimab, a PD-1 inhibitor, has potential in NPC therapy.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab in the treatment of NPC.

Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury induces cuproptosis in neurons.

Background: Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI) is a serious disease that can result in irreversible neuronal damage, leading to the loss of sensory and motor function. Cuproptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, has been studied in various diseases. However, the role and mechanism of cuproptosis in SCIRI remain to be elucidated.

Overexpression of PON1 reduces high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury by activating PPARγ signaling pathway to alleviate diabetes nephropathy.

Objective: To investigate the role of PON1 in diabetic nephropathy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms using a cellular model.

Materials And Methods: A diabetic nephropathy model was established using high glucose-induced HK-2 cells. Potential target genes and signaling pathways were identified through bioinformatics databases, and PON1 expression was manipulated to interfere with these pathways.

Identification of a Nonelectrophilic and Selective TRPA1 Agonist for Alleviation of Inflammatory Pain through Channel Desensitization.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonists exert long-lasting analgesic effects by inducing neuronal desensitization, a similar strategy has been confirmed in the approval of capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist for the management of neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia. However, currently available TRPA1 agonists are limited by insufficient selectivity or undesirable side effects, highlighting the urgent need for the discovery of novel TRPA1 agonists as potential analgesics. In this study, we reported a selective TRPA1 agonist -(3-methoxypropyl)-4-(-tolyl)thiazol-2-amine named NMTA based on screening our compound library.