Nanoparticles Induce Protein Corona Conformational Change to Reshape Intracellular Interactome for Microglial Polarization.

Nanoparticles bind to proteins in cells selectively and form a protein corona around them. However, the mechanisms of protein conformational changes underlying the interactions between nanoparticles and protein coronas remain poorly understood. In this study, we prepared small molecule self-assembled nanoparticles (Aloin NPs) as a research tool to investigate the allosteric mechanism of protein coronas.

Stable Ultrabroad-Absorbing Radical Achieves Efficient NIR-II Photothermal Conversion via Facile Synthesis.

Inspired by the electron-withdrawing ability of nitroxide radicals, a novel open-shell material, EDOT-TPAO is reported, synthesized via one-step demethylation and oxidation of its closed-shell precursor, EDOT-TPAOMe. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirm an acceptor-donor-acceptor configuration of EDOT-TPAO where radical termini act as electron acceptors. This structural transformation narrows the optical bandgap from 2.

Motor unit number estimation based on convolutional neural network.

The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan contains a muscle's detailed stimulus-activation information and thereby can be used for motor unit number estimation (MUNE). Due to the challenges in accurately obtaining the motor unit numbers from experimental CMAP scans, most existing MUNE methods rely on data fitting, which is time-consuming and requires manual operations. This study explored the feasibility of a neural network-based MUNE approach and proposes an end-to-end model for rapid estimation.

Diversity and antibiotic resistance of cultivable bacteria in bulk tank milk from dairy farms in Shandong Province, China.

Introduction: This study systematically analyzed bacterial diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in bulk tank milk from five dairy farms ( = 30) in Shandong Province, China, to assess public health risks associated with microbial contamination and provide critical data for regional quality control and AMR risk assessment in dairy production systems.

Methods: Total bacterial counts were quantified, revealing significant inter-farm variation ( < 0.05) with a range of 3.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde ameliorates neuroinflammation-mediated synaptic plasticity and memory impairment by blocking TLR4/MyD88/MAPKs pathway in global cerebral ischemia.

Global cerebral ischemia (GCI), a severe form of ischemic stroke, leads to significant cognitive and neurological deficits, with neuroinflammation playing a central role in its pathophysiology. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA), derived from Cinnamomum cassia (L.), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but its role in GCI remains unclear.

Silencing THBS1 in M2 Macrophages Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing TGF-β Pathway.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a common oral and maxillofacial malignancy. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), acting in the extracellular matrix, impacts cell migration and proliferation, significantly contributing to tumor development. We aim to investigate the role of THBS1 in TSCC.

Unhealthy lifestyle patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents with or without obesity: A latent class analysis.

This study aimed to identify different patterns of unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese adolescents with or without obesity and to assess the association between unhealthy lifestyle patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms. A total of 32,046 adolescents aged 11-19 years were included in this study. We observed different patterns of lifestyle in adolescents with or without obesity.

Molecular organization of central cholinergic synapses.

Synapses have undergone significant diversification and adaptation, contributing to the complexity of the central nervous system. Understanding their molecular architecture is essential for deciphering the brain's functional evolution. While nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are widely distributed across metazoan brains, their associated protein networks remain poorly characterized.

Therapeutic potential of naturally derived carbon dots in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening infectious disease characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response and consequent multi-organ dysfunction. The kidneys, as primary excretory organs with high blood flow, are particularly susceptible to damage during sepsis. Nonetheless, the existing treatment options for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) are still restricted.

Connectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system.

Vision provides animals with detailed information about their surroundings and conveys diverse features such as colour, form and movement across the visual scene. Computing these parallel spatial features requires a large and diverse network of neurons. Consequently, from flies to humans, visual regions in the brain constitute half its volume.

Associations of family socioeconomic status during childhood with cognitive development in later life in China: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Childhood is a critical period for brain growth and cognitive development, most of the previous research examined the impact of family socioeconomic status (SES) on cognitive functioning primarily focused on middle-aged and older adults. We aimed to examine the association between family SES in childhood and offspring's cognitive performance in later life, and whether the relationship was mediated by parental healthy lifestyle.

Methods: A total of 5467 children aged 6-15 years were included in 2010 as baseline and 1789 offspring aged 14-23 years who had valid cognitive test scores were investigated in 2018.

Graph Foundation Models: Concepts, Opportunities and Challenges.

Foundation models have emerged as critical components in a variety of artificial intelligence applications, and showcase significant success in natural language processing and several other domains. Meanwhile, the field of graph machine learning is witnessing a paradigm transition from shallow methods to more sophisticated deep learning approaches. The capabilities of foundation models in generalization and adaptation motivate graph machine learning researchers to discuss the potential of developing a new graph learning paradigm.

Comparative analysis of the heart histological structure, metabolic enzyme activities and transcriptome profiles of juvenile and adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the South China Sea.

The yellowfin tuna is a large marine carnivorous fish with high commercial value. It is known for its unique physiological characteristics and holds significant potential for aquaculture. However, research on this species' developmental biology and physiology remains limited, particularly regarding the structural characteristics and functional changes in the developing heart.

Deep Learning Based Post-stroke Myoelectric Gesture Recognition: From Feature Construction to Network Design.

Recently, robot-assisted rehabilitation has emerged as a promising solution to increase the training intensity of stroke patients while reducing workload on therapists, whilst surface electromyography (sEMG) is expected to serve as a viable control source. In this paper, we delve into the potential of deep learning (DL) for post-stroke hand gesture recognition by collecting the sEMG signals of eight chronic stroke subjects, focusing on three primary aspects: feature domains of sEMG (time, frequency, and wavelet), data structures (one or two-dimensional images), and neural network architectures (CNN, CNN-LSTM, and CNN-LSTM-Attention). A total of 18 DL models were comprehensively evaluated in both intra-subject testing and inter-subject transfer learning tasks, with two post-processing algorithms (Model Voting and Bayesian Fusion) analysed subsequently.

Comparative analysis of spleen structure, biochemical parameters, and transcriptome of adult and juvenile yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the South China Sea.

As one of the top predators in the ocean, yellowfin tuna possesses physiological characteristics that are highly adapted to its high-speed swimming habits, such as high cardiac output and efficient oxygen uptake and transportation systems, which enable it to swim rapidly various diverse layers of the water for feeding activities. These physiological characteristics are intricately associated with the efficient hematopoietic function of its spleen, which plays a crucial role in maintaining its long-distance migration and sustained physical activity in particular. However, there are fewer studies on the developmental biology and function of the spleen in this species.

Novel monoterpene indole alkaloids from the fruits of Bousigonia mekongensis and their antiproliferative effects on HepG2 cells.

Three new monoterpene indole alkaloids (1-3) together with eight known alkaloids (4-11) were isolated from the fruits of Bousigonia mekongensis. Compounds 1 and 2 were the first examples of akuammicine-Aspidosperma type bisindole alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated by NNR spectra, MS data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

Peptide Double-Stapling and Arginine -Glycosylation Triggered the Development of Therapeutic Antimicrobial Peptides Capable of Killing Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Mice.

Antimicrobial peptides SAAP-148 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities but suffered from inherent disadvantages, including cytotoxicity and poor proteolytic stability. Herein, we developed a novel strategy combining one unique silver-catalyzed solid-phase glycosylation-enabled arginine -glycosylation strategy and all-hydrocarbon peptide double-stapling, and five-round peptide libraries were rationally constructed containing over 50 stapled and/or arginine -glycosylated peptides. SLP-51 consisting of two introduced all-hydrocarbon staples and the C-terminal arginine glycosylation exhibited superior in vitro antimicrobial activities against drug-resistant Gram-positive or -negative clinical isolates.

Fine-tuned calcium homeostasis is crucial for murine erythropoiesis.

Intracellular calcium (Ca) is a crucial signaling molecule involved in multiple cellular processes. However, the functional role of Ca in terminal erythropoiesis remains unclear. Here, we uncovered the dynamics of intracellular Ca levels during mouse erythroid development.

Mitochondrial Electron Flow Dynamics Imaging for Assessing Mitochondrial Quality and Drug Screening.

Mitochondrial quality control is paramount for cellular development, with mitochondrial electron flow (Mito-EF) playing a central role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. However, unlike visible protein entities, which can be monitored through chemical biotechnology, regulating mitochondrial quality control by invisible entities such as Mito-EF has remained elusive. Here, a Mito-EF tracker (Mito-EFT) with a four-pronged probe design is presented to elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of Mito-EF's involvement in mitochondrial quality control.

Captivity Reduces Diversity and Shifts Composition of the Great Bustard () Microbiome.

Captivity offers protection for endangered species, but for bustards, captive individuals face a higher risk of disease and exhibit lower reintroduction success rates. Changes in the diversity of host bacterial and fungal microbiota may be a significant factor influencing reintroduction success. The great bustard () is a globally recognized endangered bird species.

Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Dots Derived from Phytochemicals as Nanozymes Exhibiting Superoxide Dismutase Activity for Anemia.

Anemia is a potentially life-threatening blood disorder caused by an insufficient erythroblast volume in the circulatory system. Self-renewal failure of erythroblast progenitors is one of the key pathological factors leading to erythroblast deficiency. However, there are currently no effective drugs that selectively target this process.

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Clonal Relationships of Duck-Derived in Shandong Province, China in 2023.

is a major threat to both human and animal health. However, the diversity and antibiotic resistance of animal-derived and their association with human infections remain largely unexplored. In this study, strains were isolated, identified, and sequenced from dead embryos and cloacal swab samples obtained from 278 large-scale duck farms in 11 cities in Shandong Province.

Controlled TPCA-1 delivery engineers a pro-tenogenic niche to initiate tendon regeneration by targeting IKKβ/NF-κB signaling.

Tendon repair remains challenging due to its poor intrinsic healing capacity, and stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to promote tendon regeneration. Nevertheless, the inflammatory environment following acute tendon injuries disrupts stem cell differentiation, leading to unsatisfied outcomes. Our study recognized the critical role of NF-κB signaling in activating inflammation and suppressing tenogenic differentiation of stem cells after acute tendon injury via multiomics analysis.

The impact of crowding stress on growth and intestinal integrity in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Insights into ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis.

Crowding stress is a common abiotic stressor in intensive aquaculture that negatively impacts fish species, leading to growth depression. This study primarily explored the effects of crowding stress on the growth and intestinal integrity of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted with two groups: a control group (0.