The Earth Hologenome Initiative: Data Release 1.

Background: The Earth Hologenome Initiative (EHI) is a global endeavor dedicated to revisit fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions from the systemic host-microbiota perspective, through the standardized generation and analysis of joint animal genomic and associated microbial metagenomic data.

Results: The first data release of the EHI contains 968 shotgun DNA sequencing read files containing 5.2 TB of raw genomic and metagenomic data derived from 21 vertebrate species sampled across 12 countries, as well as 17,666 metagenome-assembled genomes reconstructed from these data.

Genetically determined body mass index is associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in polygenic and Mendelian randomization analyses.

Obesity has been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the evidence is inconclusive. We examined the association between genetically determined adiposity and four common NHL subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and marginal zone lymphoma, using eight genome-wide association studies of European ancestry (N = 10,629 cases, 9505 controls) and constructing polygenic scores for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI). Higher genetically determined BMI was associated with an increased risk of DLBCL [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) = 1.

Surface modification of polycaprolactone with sulfated alginate for enhanced binding of a heparin-binding protein.

Surface modification of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to facilitate interactions with high pI proteins is a strategy used to enhance 3D PCL scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The approach of the current study was to firstly optimise the surface modification on 2D films and then apply to 3D scaffolds. Melt-pressed PCL films were grafted with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate gamma radiation induced grafting to introduce amine functional groups to the substrate surfaces.

Existing Data Sources in Clinical Epidemiology: The Danish Prehospital Medical Record System.

Background: The Danish Prehospital Medical Record (DPMR) represents a pioneering nationwide electronic prehospital medical record system. While routinely collected data from the DPMR are increasingly used for research, a comprehensive description of its system and content is needed.

Objective: To provide an overview of the DPMR as a tool for research, including its structure, variables, and current volume of records.

Protective immune response in rainbow trout () against the parasitic nematode .

Introduction: Parasitic nematodes are prevalent in fish populations. The parasites are pathogenic but depress host responses, which limit clearance of the pathogens from the invasion sites. We hypothesized that one of several control strategies, which could augment protection, is immunization of the fish host with parasite antigens prior to live pathogen exposure.

Image quality assessment of photon-counting CT for patients with prostate cancer receiving radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) offers enhanced image quality, including improvements in contrast, spatial resolution, and noise reduction. In radiotherapy (RT), optimal image quality is critical for accurate tumor and organ-at-risk delineation. However, reconstruction parameter selection often relies on subjective assessment.

Identification of Neuritin 1 as a local metabolic regulator of brown adipose tissue.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis through its thermogenic effects and the secretion of regulatory molecules. Here we report that RAP250 haploinsufficiency stimulates BAT in mice, thus contributing to a decrease in fat accumulation. Local in vivo AAV-mediated RAP250 silencing in BAT reduces body weight and fat mass and enhances glucose oxidation, thereby indicating that RAP250 participates in the regulation of BAT metabolic activity.

Predicting total body water in infants aged 0.5-24 months and the implications for measuring breast milk intake: a secondary analysis of isotope dilution data.

Background: Total body water (TBW) is commonly used to derive estimates of body composition. The deuterium oxide dose-to-mother (DTM) technique for measuring breast milk intake requires an estimate of infant TBW. The DTM calculation employs a prediction equation for estimating infant TBW from body weight (TBW), but the general validity of this equation is unknown.

Effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on disease activity, pain, fatigue, and physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effects of vegan and vegetarian diets on disease activity, pain, fatigue, and physical function in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: We conducted searches on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Central electronic databases up to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials that investigated vegan or vegetarian dietary interventions (including lacto-ovo-vegetarian, vegan, or whole-food plant-based diets) in people with rheumatoid arthritis were included, and independent of outcomes measured.

Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and mortality among patients with HFrEF.

Background: While trial evidence supports the benefit of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), its effectiveness in routine clinical practice is less explored. This study investigated the relative and absolute effectiveness of ARNI in patients with HFrEF.

Methods: This nationwide Danish database study included patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, 2018-2023.

Diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 825 patients.

Genetic testing plays a significant role in rare disease diagnostics. The most widespread technology for genetic testing of patients is next generation sequencing or second-generation sequencing, including whole exome sequencing (WES). Our laboratory performed diagnostic WES on 1660 samples representing 825 index patients aged 0-84 years between 2014 and 2020.

Prenatal exposure to a mixture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and lung function and immune-related outcomes among males in childhood and young adulthood.

Background: Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may influence lung and immune system development, but previous epidemiological studies are inconclusive and have not extended into young adulthood.

Objective: To examine associations between prenatal exposure to a mixture of PFAS and respiratory and immune-related outcomes in a cohort of males.

Methods: We studied 866 males with maternal pregnancy plasma measured for 15 PFAS, triclosan, and nine phthalate metabolites used as a proxy for prenatal exposure.

Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Additional Cardiovascular Outcomes in the PREDIMED Trial: An Outcome-Wide Perspective.

Background And Aims: Olive oil, increasingly consumed in the U.S., has been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

A characterization of the reversibly electroporated penumbra during irreversible electroporation.

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel anticancer ablative treatment, which has been proposed to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in the periphery of the ablated area by capturing chemotherapy intracellularly. The aim of the current trial was to characterize the ablated lesion to get spatial information about the distribution of captured chemotherapy and in extension to assess the a priori probability of efficacy for the combined intervention.

Methods: IRE ablations were performed in five pigs with or without concurrent intravenous bleomycin and gadolinium contrast injection.

Nitrogen Fixation Potential in Bathypelagic Sediment of the Ice-Covered Arctic Ocean Revealed Through Long-Term Stable Isotope Incubations.

Due to climate change, sea ice more commonly retreats over the shelf breaks in the Arctic Ocean, impacting sea ice-pelagic-benthic coupling in the deeper basins. Nitrogen fixation (the reduction of dinitrogen gas to bioavailable ammonia by microorganisms called diazotrophs) is reported from Arctic shelf sediments but is unknown from the Arctic deep sea. We sampled five locations of deep-sea (900-1500 m) surface sediments in the central ice-covered Arctic Ocean to measure potential nitrogen fixation through long-term (> 280 days) stable-isotope (N) incubations and to study diazotroph community composition through amplicon sequencing of the functional marker gene nifH.

Hygiene Practices Against Dermatophytic Fungi: A Review of Strategies to Combat Antifungal Resistance.

Superficial fungal infections of the feet, such as tinea pedis and onychomycosis, are highly prevalent and frequently recurrent, often due to persistent contamination of footwear, textiles, and foot care instruments. Despite growing concern over antifungal resistance, environmental sources of reinfection remain under-recognized in clinical practice. This review critically examines historical and contemporary methods used to sanitize shoes, socks, podiatric tools, and related materials.

Characterization of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from .

A moon jellyfish () is a representative of the phylum Cnidaria, commonly found in the northern seas of the globe. The regenerative abilities of cnidarians have recently been associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by these organisms. In this study, a method for the isolation of EVs from the oral arms of is presented.

Host Shaping Associated Microbiota in Hydrothermal Vent Snails from the Indian Ocean Ridge.

Snails at hydrothermal vents rely on symbiotic bacteria for nutrition; however, the specifics of these associations in adapting to such extreme environments remain underexplored. This study investigated the community structure and metabolic potential of bacteria associated with two Indian Ocean vent snails, and . Using microscopic, phylogenetic, and metagenomic analyses, this study examines bacterial communities inhabiting the foot and gland tissues of these snails.

Quaternary Habitat Fluctuations and Demographic Dynamics in Turtles Inferred From Environmental Niche Modelling and Whole Genome Data.

Quaternary climatic fluctuations had a substantial influence on ecosystems, species distribution, phenology and genetic diversity, driving extinction, adaptation and demographic shifts during glacial periods and postglacial expansions. Integration of genomic data and environmental niche modelling can provide valuable insights on how organisms responded to past environmental variations and contribute to assessing vulnerability and resilience to ongoing climatic challenges. Among vertebrates, turtles are particularly vulnerable to habitat changes because of distinctive life history traits and the effect of environmental conditions on physiology and survival.

Heart Talk: Emotional Inner Speech Increases Heart Rate.

In two preregistered experiments (exp.1: n = 44; exp.2: n = 46), we investigated whether emotional inner speech influences heart rate.

Use of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma patients aged >65 years: a population-based study by the Nordic Myeloma Study Group.

Not available.

The H-NS homologues MvaT and MvaU repress CRISPR-Cas in .

CRISPR-Cas is an adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea that protects against foreign genetic elements. In and , CRISPR-Cas is inhibited by the conserved global repressor the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS), which blocks the expression of AT-rich horizontally acquired genes. While the opportunistic pathogen harbours two partially redundant H-NS homologues, MvaT and MvaU, their role in CRISPR-Cas regulation in this bacterium remains unexplored.

Treat to target in weight management with semaglutide: Real-world evidence from an eHealth clinic.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of an online multidisciplinary weight loss service combining individualised semaglutide dosing with intensive behavioural therapy (IBT) in adults living with overweight or obesity.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included data from Danish participants enrolled in a digital weight loss programme via the Embla app between January 2022 and September 2024. The programme offered semaglutide with personalised dosing alongside evidence-based recommendations on nutrition, exercise and habits, delivered through IBT.

No changes in weight, body composition or metabolic parameters after the switch to dolutegravir and lamivudine compared to continued treatment with dolutegravir, abacavir and lamivudine for virologically suppressed HIV infection (The AVERTAS trial).

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH) can lead to weight gain, but the effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as abacavir (ABC) are not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether discontinuing ABC would mitigate weight changes and metabolic complications in PWH.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial including PWH on dolutegravir, ABC, and lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC), participants were randomized 2:1 to either switch to DTG/3TC or continue DTG/ABC/3TC.