Effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on disease activity, pain, fatigue, and physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effects of vegan and vegetarian diets on disease activity, pain, fatigue, and physical function in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: We conducted searches on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Central electronic databases up to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials that investigated vegan or vegetarian dietary interventions (including lacto-ovo-vegetarian, vegan, or whole-food plant-based diets) in people with rheumatoid arthritis were included, and independent of outcomes measured.

Occurrence of coronary events in the absence of traditional risk factors: Understanding residual risk.

Background And Aims: The major predictors of future coronary heart disease (CHD) events in individuals without traditional modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) remain unknown. We investigated the association between circulating biomarkers, reflecting residual risk, with incident CHD in a general population, according to the presence of five CVRFs (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and obesity) at baseline.

Methods: Overall 212,598 CHD-free individuals from 21 European population-based cohorts were stratified by CVRF burden into three groups, having zero (n = 35,707), one (n = 68,548) or ≥2 (n = 108,343) risk factors at baseline.

The Role of Vitamin K Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease-A Scoping Review.

: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects up to 15% of the global population and is driven by vascular and interstitial damage, and is most prevalent in persons with hypertension and diabetes. Vitamin K, a necessary cofactor for activation of vitamin K-dependent proteins may modulate these processes. It is well established that vitamin K deficiency is associated with CKD, but the therapeutic effects of supplementation on kidney function are still uncertain.

Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.

Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.

The dynamics of the gut microbiota in prediabetes during a four-year follow-up among European patients-an IMI-DIRECT prospective study.

Background: Previous case-control studies have reported aberrations of the gut microbiota in individuals with prediabetes. The primary objective of the present study was to explore the dynamics of the gut microbiota of individuals with prediabetes over 4 years with a secondary aim of relating microbiota dynamics to temporal changes of metabolic phenotypes.

Methods: The study included 486 European patients with prediabetes.

Machine learning-based prediction of celiac antibody seropositivity by biochemical test parameters.

The diagnostic delay in celiac disease (CD) is currently a burden for individual and society. Biochemical tests may be used in risk-identification of CD to reduce the diagnostic delay, and we aimed to explore prediction models for CD antibody seropositivity. We developed two prediction models in a cohort study using data from primary care in greater Copenhagen (2006-2015).

Living close to the forest is a risk factor for galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization.

Background: The α-gal syndrome is a food allergy to galactose-α-1,3-galactose present in mammalian meat; it usually develops after tick bites. Despite being considered an emerging health problem, little is known about the geographic risk factors and patterns of α-gal sensitization.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess geographic clusters of α-gal sensitization and determine whether distance from home address to the forest and tick abundance are risk factors for α-gal sensitization in a Danish adult population.

Vitamin K: Metabolism, Genetic Influences, and Chronic Disease Outcomes.

Vitamin K refers to a group of lipid-soluble vitamins that exist in two natural isoforms; phylloquinone (PK, vitamin K1) and menaquinones (MKs, vitamin K2). Phylloquinone, the primary dietary source, is found abundantly in green vegetables and plant oils. Menaquinones (MK-4 through MK-13) are synthesized by anaerobic bacteria and may be obtained through the diet from fermented foods and animal products (e.

Lipoprotein (a) and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Community: Impact of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Aims: Deleterious effects Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) might be mitigated by overall cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction. However, data on the relationship between increased Lp(a) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) according to the distribution of modifiable CV risk factors (CVRF) at baseline are still scarce. We investigated the association between high Lp(a) and incident CHD in the general population, depending on the presence/absence of four major CVRFs (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking) at baseline.

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Taste Liking in the Danish Population.

Background: Taste liking, a complex trait, plays an important role in food choice and eating behavior, thereby influencing risk of diet-related diseases.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify novel loci that could explain differences in liking of 5 basic tastes, fat sensation, and 2 oral sensations, represented by several food items.

Methods: Liking scores were derived using a newly developed taste liking questionnaire (TasteLQ), validated in the Danish population.

Exploring the genetic intersection between obesity-associated genetic variants and insulin sensitivity indices.

Insulin sensitivity (IS) is a key determinant of metabolic health and may share genetic factors with obesity-related traits. Previous large-scale genetic studies have identified variants associated with IS as well as obesity related traits like body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Notably, many of these associations are shared across traits, indicating a potential genetic overlap.

[Epidemiological research and prevention of cardiovascular disease].

Sixty one years ago, Denmark joined international epidemiological collaborative efforts to identify and address the causes of the rising mortality from cardiovascular disease. Large prospective population studies led to a breakthrough in our understanding of the causes, enabling prevention and risk stratification of the population. Today, Denmark is considered a low-risk country with respect to cardiovascular disease, which nevertheless remains a common cause of premature death.

Higher vitamin K1 intakes are associated with lower subclinical atherosclerosis and lower risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease-related outcomes in older women.

Purpose: Vitamin K may inhibit vascular calcification, a common attribute of atherosclerotic vascular diseases (ASVDs). We examined associations between dietary vitamin K1 intakes and both subclinical atherosclerosis and ASVD events, including hospitalisations and mortality, in older women.

Methods: 1,436 community-dwelling women (mean ± SD age 75.

Low Vitamin K Status and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Vitamin K is a cofactor necessary for the biological activity of proteins like Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), which reduce calcification and help preserve lung function. This study aims to determine, first, whether low vitamin K status is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and secondary, whether the level of vitamin K is associated with COPD severity, smoking exposure, or mortality. The plasma concentration of dephosphorylated uncarboxylated (dp-uc) MGP was used as an inverse biomarker for vitamin K in 98 COPD patients from the CODEX-P COPD study and 986 controls from the DanFunD study.

Rare MTNR1B variants causing diminished MT2 signalling associate with elevated HbA levels but not with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: An intronic variant (rs10830963) in MTNR1B (encoding the melatonin receptor type 2 [MT2]) has been shown to strongly associate with impaired glucose regulation and elevated type 2 diabetes prevalence. However, MTNR1B missense variants have shown conflicting results on type 2 diabetes. Thus, we aimed to gain further insights into the impact of MTNR1B coding variants on type 2 diabetes prevalence and related phenotypes.

The Physical Activity Health Paradox in Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: The physical activity health paradox refers to the contrasting associations of leisure-time physical activity and occupational physical activity with cardiovascular disease, but whether this applies to Type 2 diabetes risk is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the physical activity health paradox and age-specific Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Working adults (N=5,866) in Denmark aged 30-60 years enrolled in the Inter99 cohort at baseline in 1999 were followed in a Diabetes Register.

Genetic architecture in Greenland is shaped by demography, structure and selection.

Greenlandic Inuit and other indigenous populations are underrepresented in genetic research, leading to inequity in healthcare opportunities. To address this, we performed analyses of sequenced or imputed genomes of 5,996 Greenlanders with extensive phenotypes. We quantified their historical population bottleneck and how it has shaped their genetic architecture to have fewer, but more common, variable sites.

Heavy resistance training provides short-term benefits on bone formation in well-functioning older adults.

Objectives: Maintained bone health is critical for independent living when aging. Currently, multimodal exercise regimes including weight-bearing exercises with impact are prescribed as optimal for maintaining bone health, while there is less consensus on the effects of resistance training at different intensities upon bone. Here we examined whether bone health was positively influenced by 1 year of supervised resistance training at two different intensities.

Obese Hypertensive Men Have Fasting Serum Concentrations of Leptin Similar to Those of Obese Normotensive Men.

Background: Leptin is a hormone that is secreted by the adipocytes. In the circulation, leptin levels are directly proportional to the body fat percentage. Studies have shown that higher leptin levels are associated with an increased risk of hypertension after adjusting for body mass index (BMI).

Unfavourable glucose metabolism is associated with functional somatic disorders. A cross-sectional general population-based study: The DanFunD study.

Objectives: Several studies have observed associations between unfavorable levels of blood glucose metabolic markers (i.e., fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) and functional somatic disorder (FSD).

Heart rate variability is not associated with multiple chemical sensitivity in a cross-sectional population-based study - The Danish study of functional disorders.

Objective: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), a functional somatic disorder (FSD), is a multisystem, polysymptomatic disease, characterized by various individual symptoms attributed to low level of volatile chemical exposures. Symptoms relate to the autonomic nerve system (ANS) among others which is mandatory in the MCS delimitations. An accepted measure of ANS is heart rate variability (HRV).

Investigating the associations between uncarboxylated matrix gla protein as a proxy for vitamin K status and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a general adult population.

Purpose: Vitamin K is an activator of vitamin K dependent proteins, one of which is the potent inhibitor of vascular calcification, matrix Gla protein (MGP). The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between an inverse proxy of functional vitamin K status, plasma dephospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), and cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs).

Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based health examination study of 4,092 individuals aged 24-77 years, the vitamin K status was assessed using plasma dp-ucMGP.