An Explainable Deep Learning Model for Focal Liver Lesion Diagnosis Using Multiparametric MRI.

Purpose To assess the effectiveness of an explainable deep learning (DL) model, developed using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) features, in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of radiologists for classification of focal liver lesions (FLLs). Materials and Methods FLLs ≥ 1 cm in diameter at mpMRI were included in the study. nn-Unet and Liver Imaging Feature Transformer (LIFT) models were developed using retrospective data from one hospital (January 2018-August 2023).

The Specific Genomic Alterations and Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Metastases in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Given the limited diagnostic technologies and treatment options available for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with liver metastases, it is crucial to identify potential genomic signatures associated with liver metastasis, which could significantly contribute to the development of improved diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for LUAD patients with liver metastases. In this study, we identified specific genetic alterations in tumor samples with liver metastases by targeted capture sequencing. The results showed that the significantly higher mutation frequencies of , and in LUAD patients with liver metastases and and mutations found in both tumor tissues and plasma samples from patients with liver metastases.

Similar Outcome With Haploidentical, Matched Sibling, or Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Adult Patients With Adverse-Risk TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission: A Comparative Study From the Global Committee and the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Given the dismal prognosis for patients with TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the optimal donor for those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed adult patients with TP53-mutated AML who underwent first allo-HCT in CR1 between 2010 and 2021. Outcomes were compared among using a haploidentical donor (Haplo), a matched sibling donor (MSD), and a 10/10 matched unrelated donor (MUD).

pH-responsive activation of Tet-On inducible CAR-T cells enables spatially selective treatment of targeted solid tumors at reduced safety risk.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell therapy is a promising resolution for solid tumors, but its corresponding clinical translation has been hindered by unsatisfactory therapeutic potency and severe cytokine release syndrome. Herein, tetracycline (Tet)-On inducible human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER1)-targeted CAR-T (Tet-HER1-CAR-T) cells were engineered to enable spatially selective activation at tumor sites by doxycycline (Doxy), which is delivered by pH-responsive stealth liposomal calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Doxy@CaCO-PEG). Compared with the intravenous administration of conventional HER1-CAR-T cells and Tet-HER1-CAR-T cells activated by free Doxy, concurrent intravenous administration of Tet-HER1-CAR-T cells and Doxy@CaCO-PEG leads to the localized tumor activation of Tet-HER1-CAR-T cells and reduced systemic secretion of inflammatory cytokines.

Serum Albumin is Linearly and Negatively Associated With the Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Death in Coronary Heart Disease Patients.

Background: Despite advances in treatment and the potential role of serum albumin as a prognostic biomarker, the mortality rate of individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to increase. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship between serum albumin levels and the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in individuals with CHD.

Methods: This large-scale retrospective cohort study included 1556 participants diagnosed with CHD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 1999 to 2015.

A Novel Nomogram for the Early Identification of Cardioembolic Stroke Using Clinical and Dual-Energy CT Features.

Background: Identifying the etiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is critical for secondary prevention and treatment choice in stroke patients. This study aimed to investigate the dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) quantitative thrombus parameters associated with cardioembolic (CE) stroke and develop a nomogram that combines DECT and clinical data to identify CE stroke.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients from January 2020 to July 2022 with anterior circulation stroke and proximal intracranial occlusions.

Identifying ARRB2 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Key Player in the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer through scPagwas Methodology.

Introduction: Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is recognized as a highly aggressive malignancy and is anticipated to become the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths across the United States by 2030. Owing to its late-stage diagnosis and the substantial risk of metastasis, current therapeutic strategies exhibit limited efficacy, resulting in a five-year survival rate below 10%. Consequently, identifying reliable biomarkers and therapeutic approaches remains imperative for enhancing treatment effectiveness.

[Study on mechanical properties of through-the-scope airway stents and complications caused by TTS airway stents in rabbits trachea].

The TTS(through-the-scope)airway stent is a novel self-expanding nitinol alloy metal stent. Its structure and method of implantation differ significantly from those of the traditional OTW(over-the-wire)stent. In this study, we compared the mechanical properties of the TTS and OTW stents, and both of which were implanted into the tracheas of rabbits to compare the differences in complications caused by these two types of stents.

Prognostic value of Nanopore sequencing-based metagenomics next-generation sequencing in clinical infectious cases: A retrospective observational study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS) using Nanopore sequencing technology (NST) versus traditional culture methods in infectious disease cases.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center observational study comparing clinical outcomes between patients and specimen types in NST group and those in culture-based control group. Cox Proportional Hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between diagnostic strategy and 28-day mortality.

Non-invasive left ventricular myocardial work indices in preterm neonates born to mothers with severe preeclampsia in pregnancy.

Objective: The study utilized non-invasive myocardial work indices to investigate myocardial injury in infants born to mothers with severe preeclampsia (SPE) and to explore the duration of this myocardial damage during the neonatal period.

Methods: This prospective study included 34 preterm infants born to mothers with SPE and 28 preterm infants born to mothers without severe pregnancy complications (termed "controls"). Echocardiography was performed in infants within 24 h of birth, then again at 48-72 h and 14-28 days, to obtain echocardiographic parameters.

Diagnostic and prognostic roles of interferon-λ1 and interferon-λ3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma in non-neutropenic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of interferon (IFN)-λ1 and IFN-λ3 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma in non-neutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) patients. A total of 481 patients suspected of IPA were enrolled (169 IPA cases and 312 non-IPA cases) in this study. BALF and plasma samples were collected, and IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ3 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A New Biomarker for Predicting the Abscopal Effect: Quantifying Polyclonal Effector Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells by Using Nanoparticles Loading Whole Tumor Antigens.

Radiation therapy (RT) plays important roles in cancer treatment, and the efficacy of RT depends on the abscopal effect, which results in the regression of distant and untreated tumors through localized irradiation of a single tumor lesion. This effect is mediated by effector tumor antigen-specific T cells (ETASTs) activated by RT. Monitoring the radiation-induced changes in ETASTs can be used to predict the abscopal effect.

Developing and validating a bi-polar gated respiratory motion management strategy for improved lung stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment.

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an effective treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. However, patient breathing can affect treatment accuracy. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a bi-polar (BP) gated motion management strategy for SBRT and evaluate its feasibility geometrically and dosimetrically.

Collagen heterogeneity: a barrier and bridge driving tumor immune microenvironment remodeling.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and various cell types, with collagen being one of its core components. Collagen heterogeneity profoundly influences tumor progression and the remodeling of the immune microenvironment by regulating tumor cell behavior, signaling pathways, and immune evasion in TME. Different subtypes of collagen significantly affect tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic responses by modulating the infiltration and function of immune cells.

[Treatment approaches for affected eyes in hospitalized patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis].

To investigate the treatment approaches for attacking eyes in patients with clinical acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APACG) and their alignment with the recommendations in the . A cross-sectional study was conducted, including medical records of consecutive inpatients diagnosed with APACG from 22 ophthalmic centers nationwide during three periods: September 7, 2020, to January 6, 2021; September 7, 2021, to January 6, 2022; and September 7, 2022, to January 6, 2023. For patients meeting the inclusion criteria in both eyes, the right eye was uniformly selected for analysis.

The Muscle Mass Paradox: Elevated Lean Mass Indices Impair Systolic Function via Myocardial Remodeling in Obesity.

Objectives: To explore the relationships between cardiac parameters and body composition indices, identifying predictors of subclinical cardiac systolic dysfunction.

Methods: Using anthropometric and serological parameters, echocardiography, and body composition analysis, this study evaluated metabolic profiles, cardiac remodeling patterns, and body composition characteristics in young adult obese patients, while quantifying the correlations between cardiac parameters and body composition indices. Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction was defined as global longitudinal strain (GLS) < 18%.

Predicting periprocedural complications risk in intracranial angioplasty and stenting from integrated high-resolution vessel wall imaging radiomics and clinical characteristics.

Purpose: To develop and validate an integrated model based on MR high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) radiomics and clinical features to preoperatively assess periprocedural complications (PC) risk in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study enrolled 601 PTAS patients (PC+, n = 84; PC -, n = 517) from three centers. Patients were divided into training (n = 336), validation (n = 144), and test (n = 121) cohorts.

Explainable Machine Learning for Estimating the Contrast Material Arrival Time in Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography.

Purpose: To establish an explainable machine learning (ML) approach using patient-related and noncontrast chest CT-derived features to predict the contrast material arrival time (TARR) in CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients referred for CTPA between September 2023 to October 2024. Sixteen clinical and 17 chest CT-derived parameters were used as inputs for the ML approach, which employed recursive feature elimination for feature selection and XGBoost with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for explainable modeling.

Endothelial Activation and Stress Index Serves as a Predictor for Survival in Lymphoma-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study of Jiangsu Cooperative Lymphoma Group.

Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome, and hierarchical management based on a prognostic model is important. The endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) score has demonstrated prognostic utility in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. However, its role in LA-HLH remains unestablished.

Effect of Epidural Catheter Design on Analgesic Efficacy During Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To compare analgesic outcomes between single- and multi-orifice epidural catheters at a 360-mL/h delivery rate during programmed intermittent epidural bolus.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective randomized double-blinded controlled trial, 102 healthy nulliparous parturients requesting labor analgesia at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital were enrolled from July to September 2023. Participants were given either single- or multi-orifice catheters for epidural analgesia (0.

Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of long COVID.

Despite a large population affected by COVID-19, awareness of long COVID among clinicians is surprisingly limited. This has led to delayed or missed diagnoses and, consequently, inappropriate treatments that fail to address patients' specific needs. Our study highlights the gaps in knowledge and the barriers to effective management of long COVID in the healthcare system.

Exploring Heterogeneity in Vestibular Migraine Using Individualized Differential Structural Covariance Network Analysis.

Background: The high heterogeneity in vestibular migraine (VM) complicates understanding its precise pathophysiological mechanisms and identifying potential biomarkers. This study investigated the heterogeneity in VM using a newly proposed method called Individualized Differential Structural Covariance Network (IDSCN) analysis.

Methods: Structural T1-weighted MRI scans were performed on 55 patients with VM and 65 healthy controls, and an IDSCN was constructed for each patient.

m6A-Mediated Methylation Patterns and Their Association With Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Epigenetic regulation significantly affects immune responses in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the role of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, especially in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) within LUAD, is not well understood.

Methods: This study examined m6A modification patterns in 973 LUAD patients using 23 regulatory genes.

Integrin β3 dysregulation impairs megakaryopoiesis and microparticle production via disrupting ROCK-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics.

Background: Megakaryocyte (MK) fragmentation into proplatelets (PPTs) and microparticles (MKMPs) is well established, yet the mechanisms underlying MKMP generation remain unclear.

Objectives: In order to investigate the role of integrin β3 and cytoskeletal dynamics during megakaryopoiesis and explore potential therapeutic targets for thrombocytopenia.

Methods: Proplatelet formation and MKMP release were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro under integrin β3 receptor impaired environment.