Electrochemical Biosensors Combined with Nanomaterial Signal Amplification for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Blood.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral impairments, typically manifesting in the elderly and presenile population. With the rapid global aging trend, early diagnosis and treatment of AD have become increasingly urgent research priorities. The primary pathological features of AD include excessive accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss.

Ultrafast laser-assisted hybrid fabrication of biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces: strategies, mechanisms, and applications.

Metal matrix composites are widely employed in aerospace and marine engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. However, their surfaces remain vulnerable to corrosion, icing, and mechanical wear, severely compromising long-term reliability in harsh environments. Inspired by natural superhydrophobic surfaces such as lotus leaves, functional interfaces with high water repellency and interfacial stability can be engineered through the synergistic design of hierarchical micro/nanostructures and low-surface-energy chemical modifications.

Ecological diversity and metabolic strategies of widespread Marinisomatota in global oceans.

Unlabelled: Marinisomatota (formerly recognized as Marinimicrobia, Marine Group A, and SAR406) are ubiquitous and abundant in marine environments, traditionally characterized as heterotrophic microorganisms. However, certain members of Marinisomatota have demonstrated the capacity to harness light for carbon dioxide fixation and the synthesis of organic compounds, thriving in the translucent zone or transitioning between the translucent and aphotic layers. The metabolic strategies driving the shift in trophic behaviors, and the factors influencing these transitions, remain largely unexplored.

Metabolomic profiling reveals that the heterogeneity of microhabitats can assist intertidal mollusks in surviving extreme cold events.

Unlabelled: Microhabitat heterogeneity results in significant variations in the thermal environment on a small spatial scale, leading to different intensities of cold stress during extreme low-temperature events. Investigating variations in body temperature and metabolomic responses of organisms inhabiting different microhabitats emerges as an important task for understanding how organisms respond to more frequent extreme low-temperature events in the face of climate change. In the present study, we measured substrate temperature, air temperature, wind speed, light intensity, and body temperature to evaluate the relative importance of drivers that affect body temperature in different microhabitats, and determined the metabolomic responses of intertidal snails and limpets from different microhabitats (snail: exposed vs.

A diffusion-based integrative approach for culturing previously uncultured bacteria from marine sediments.

Unlabelled: Traditional cultivation methods with defined growth media can only isolate and cultivate a small number of microbes. However, much higher microbial diversity has been detected by cultivation-independent tools from a range of natural ecosystems. These represent a large unexplored pool of potentially novel taxa.

Diverse marine species convert methylphosphonate to methane.

Unlabelled: Microbial degradation of methylphosphonate (MPn) is an important pathway contributing to the 'methane paradox' in the oxic ocean. spp. are suggested to participate in this process.

Critical roles of rare species in the anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterial community in coastal sediments.

Unlabelled: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) plays a critical role in nitrogen loss in estuarine and marine environments. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of the anammox bacterial community remain unclear. This study analyzed the anammox bacterial diversity, community structure, and interspecific relationships in three estuaries along the Chinese coastline -the Changjiang Estuary (CJE), the Oujiang Estuary (OJE), and the Jiulong River Estuary (JLE) - as well as the South China Sea (SCS) to elucidate their community assembly mechanisms.

Integrating hotspot dynamics and centers of diversity: a review of Indo-Australian Archipelago biogeographic evolution and conservation.

The Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) is the world's preeminent marine biodiversity hotspot, distinguished by its exceptional species richness in tropical shallow waters. This biodiversity has spurred extensive research into its evolutionary and biogeographic origins. Two prominent theoretical frameworks dominate explanations for the IAA's biodiversity: the "centers-of hypotheses" and the "hopping hotspot hypothesis".

The contribution of biophysical and biochemical CO concentration mechanisms to the carbon fixation of the green macroalga .

Unlabelled: CO concentration mechanisms (CCMs) are important in maintaining the high efficiency of photosynthesis of marine algae. Aquatic photoautotrophs have two types of CCMs: biophysical CCMs, based on the conversion of inorganic carbon, and biochemical CCMs, based on the formation of C acid intermediates. However, the contribution of biophysical and biochemical CCMs to algal carbon fixation remains unclear.

The Interactive Effects of Dietary Fish Oil and Selenium Nanoparticles Increased Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune-Related Genes Transcription Level in Reared in Hypersaline Water.

A 60-day research was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary fish oil (FO) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on performance of juveniles (2.4 ± 0.0 g) reared in seawater (SW) or hypersaline (HS) water conditions.

The immeasurable value of plankton to humanity.

Plankton, a diverse group of aquatic organisms, make Earth livable, regulate aquatic life, and provide benefits to human societies such as access to clean water, food security, and well-being. They also support economies and inspire biotechnological innovations. This article aims to raise awareness of the value of plankton to humanity and serves as an informative guide for aquatic professionals, policymakers, and anyone interested in plankton.

Bioassay-guided isolation of terpenoids from the soft coral and assessment of their antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities.

This study represents the first report on the secondary metabolites from the soft coral . Nine terpenoids (1-9) were isolated by antidiabetic-guided isolation, including a new xeniaphyllane-type diterpenoid (Sclerohumin O, 1) and a new norcaryophyllene-type sesquiterpenoid (Norsclerohumin P, 6). These compounds feature a distinctive 4/9-fused ring system, which was the first isolated in the genus.

The Impact of Glacial Disturbance History Upon the Genetic Diversity of and in Europe and Implications for Conservation.

Historically, the thick-shelled river mussel ( agg. complex) was considered a single, widespread species across Europe. However, recent phylogenetic taxonomic revisions have delineated 12 species from this complex, including (s.

Deep-sea salt as a novel additive for 3D-printed surimi: boosting protein bonding, antioxidant capacity, and digestibility.

Enhancing both structural integrity and nutritional properties is crucial for developing a functional three-dimensional (3D)-printed surimi formulation. Herein, deep-sea salt was used as a substitute for conventional salt to develop 3D-printed surimi. The physicochemical properties, sensory scores, microstructural examinations, chemical bonding analysis, digestion studies, and antioxidant activity of the 3D-printed surimi were systematically evaluated.

Assaulting Medical Neutrality: Reflections on Attacks on Healthcare and Clinicians in the Two World Wars and Implications for Contemporary Conflicts.

Wars in Ukraine, Sudan and the Middle East highlight that armed conflict is once more a significant geopolitical challenge across the world. An aspect of such wars is the deliberate violation of medical neutrality through the targeting of hospitals and clinical staff, including nurses, in breach of international law. Through a narrative review of documented cases, this article reflects on recurring themes in attacks on medical neutrality during the World Wars that resonate with contemporary wars.

Expanding Monitoring Capacity for Potential Invasive Species in Arctic Canada With Environmental DNA Metabarcoding.

To date, environmental conditions have been enough to act as an effective barrier to prevent non-indigenous species from arriving and establishing in Arctic Canada. However, rapidly changing climatic conditions are creating more suitable habitats for non-indigenous species to potentially establish and become invasive. Concurrently, shipping traffic in parts of Arctic Canada has increased by over 250% since 1990, providing an effective vector for transporting non-indigenous species to the region.

Cereblon upregulation overcomes thalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma through mitochondrial functional reprogramming.

Patients with multiple myeloma develop resistance to thalidomide during therapy, and the mechanisms to counteract thalidomide resistance remain elusive. Here, we explored the interaction between cereblon and mitochondrial function to mitigate thalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma. Measurements of cell viability, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS, and protein expression via western blotting were conducted in vitro using KSM20 and KMS26 cells to assess the impact of thalidomide on multiple myeloma.

Study of Bacteriostasis of Kaempferide on Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria by Indirect Determination of Capillary Electrophoresis.

Foodborne pathogenic bacteria always threaten human health. Flavonoids are commonly used in antibacterial applications. Studying the antibacterial effect of flavonoids on bacteria is significant.

Durable Superhydrophobic Bilayer Coating for Carbon Steel with Integrated Corrosion Resistance and Anti-icing Performance.

To expand the application scope of carbon steel, imparting superhydrophobicity to its surface offers an effective strategy to overcome its inherently poor corrosion resistance. However, in marine environments, conventional superhydrophobic coatings often suffer from limited mechanical durability and inadequate long-term corrosion protection. In this study, a durable superhydrophobic bilayer coating composed of PDMS-MWCNTs (top layer) and PDMS (bottom layer) was developed to address these challenges.

Diagnosing prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol syndrome in military-connected children: Insights from US military data claims, 2016-2023.

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) during gestation. Conservative estimates of FASD prevalence in United States children are 1%-5%. Early identification could facilitate early intervention, yet fewer than 1% of children with FASD receive a diagnosis.

Porcupine (PORCN): structural insights, functional mechanisms, and therapeutic potential in Wnt-driven diseases.

Porcupine (PORCN) is a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase primarily localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it catalyzes the palmitoylation of Wnt proteins-a critical post-translational modification required for their secretion and signal transduction. This lipid modification plays a key role in regulating essential cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Inhibition of PORCN prevents Wnt palmitoylation, thereby blocking its extracellular transport and downstream signaling, including β-catenin production, which ultimately suppresses aberrant cell growth.

Chemical properties and biological activities of three highly purified major tetrodotoxin analogues.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX), the pufferfish toxin, has the potential to cause fatal food poisoning because of its potent voltage-gated sodium channel (Na) blocking activity. 4-epiTTX, 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, and 11-oxoTTX are the major TTX analogues found in marine animals; thus, their chemical properties and biological activities should be determined. In this study, these three TTX analogues were purified to a high level (purity >97%) from pufferfish and newts.

Indole-based natural product for plant protection: Discovery of alkaloid barrettin and its derivatives as novel antiviral and antifungal agents.

The extensive use of highly toxic and residual pesticides has a significant negative impact on agricultural production and the ecological environment. The development of new green antiviral agents has become a major demand for ensuring the development of green ecological agriculture. Indole alkaloids are widely present in nature and have diverse biological activities.

Extraction, purification, structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Hirudo nipponica Whitman.

Hirudo nipponica Whitman has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries for its bioactive components. In this study, a novel polysaccharide, which was called SZ, was isolated from H. nipponica Whitman through enzymatic hydrolysis, alkaline extraction, and chromatographic purification.