High-resolution DNA metabarcoding of modern surface sediments uncovers a diverse assemblage of dinoflagellate cysts in the Pacific and Arctic Oceans.

Resting cysts of dinoflagellates can persist in sediments, seeding harmful algal blooms (HABs). A DNA metabarcoding approach was employed, targeting the large subunit ribosomal (LSU D1-D2) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) to investigate the diversity and biogeography of dinoflagellate cysts from the South China Sea to the Chukchi Sea. The LSU and ITS1 datasets identified 196 and 118 species, respectively, with only 59 dinoflagellate cyst species revealed by both approaches.

Localize-diffusion based dual-branch anomaly detection.

Due to the scarcity of real anomaly samples for use in anomaly detection studies, data augmentation methods are typically employed to generate pseudo anomaly samples to supplement the limited real samples. However, existing data augmentation methods often generate image patches with fixed shapes as anomalies in random regions. These anomalies are unrealistic and lack diversity, resulting in generated samples with limited practical value.

Carbon footprint analysis and emission reduction pathways of Bogie frame manufacturing process in Urban Rail Transportation.

It is significant for the carbon emission reduction of bogie frame (BF) to establish a standardized carbon footprint accounting method for BF manufacturing and to analyze the carbon emissions of different materials, different production stages, and different functional constituent parts. This study is based on the theory of life cycle assessment (LCA), combined with the carbon emission factor method, to account for the carbon footprint and formulate emission reduction measures for the entire manufacturing process of BF. The results show that the carbon footprint of each BF produced is 3115.

Thermal sensitivity and rising greenhouse gas emissions in riparian zone soils: Implications for ecosystem carbon dynamics.

Riparian zones, critical interfaces between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, play a significant role in global carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigates the thermal sensitivity (Q) of soil organic carbon decomposition and its implications for GHG emissions in the riparian soils of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Through a 42-day incubation experiment at four temperatures (15 °C, 22 °C, 29 °C, and 36 °C), we quantified the Q values for methane (CH) and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, revealing spatial heterogeneity and a positive correlation with temperature.

Large Language Models in Summarizing Radiology Report Impressions for Lung Cancer in Chinese: Evaluation Study.

Background: Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks, particularly in text generation. However, their effectiveness in summarizing radiology report impressions remains uncertain.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the capability of nine LLMs, that is, Tongyi Qianwen, ERNIE Bot, ChatGPT, Bard, Claude, Baichuan, ChatGLM, HuatuoGPT, and ChatGLM-Med, in summarizing Chinese radiology report impressions for lung cancer.

Novel Glasses-Free Distance Stereotest Using Eye Tracking: Evaluation of Sensitivity, Validity, Reliability, and Monocular Cue Masking.

Objective: This study assessed the sensitivity, validity, reliability, and monocular cue masking of a novel glasses-free distance random-dot stereotest system (GFDRDSS) compared with the established Distance Randot stereotest in youth with normal vision.

Methods: A total of 185 participants (17-20 years) with normal uncorrected visual acuity and eye alignment were enrolled. Distance stereoacuity was measured by GFDRDSS at 5 m and Distance Randot at 3 m.

Discriminating Tumor Deposits From Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer: A Pilot Study Utilizing Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in differentiating tumor deposits (TDs) from metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) in rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 patients with rectal cancer, including 168 lesions (70 TDs and 98 MLNs confirmed by histopathology), who underwent pretreatment MRI and subsequent surgery between March 2019 and December 2022. The morphological characteristics of TDs and MLNs, along with quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI (, , and ) and DWI (ADC, ADC, and ADC), were analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Analysis and prediction of the impact of Fukushima nuclear polluted water on the Chinese sea area.

Discharge of Fukushima nuclear polluted water (NPW) into the ocean has aroused a new round of public concern. Based on the previous research findings and the data released by Japan, this work discusses transport of NPW in the North Pacific Ocean, the time required for NPW to reach the Chinese Sea area, variations in activity concentrations, and radiation effects on the marine organisms to predict the NPW's impact on the Chinese sea area. It reveals that the amount of NPW are transported to the Chinese sea area under the combined action of mode waters and mesoscale eddies with a transit period of 2-3 years.

Year-round infectome profiling of acute febrile respiratory illness unveiled complex epidemiological dynamics postlifting of COVID-19 restrictions.

Objectives: Following the lifting of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions in China, respiratory infections surged, though the specific causes remained unclear. This study provided a comprehensive overview of the infectome in patients with acute febrile respiratory illness (AFRI) to inform disease surveillance.

Methods: Between March 2023 and February 2024, 1163 oropharyngeal swabs from AFRI patients and 338 from healthy individuals were collected in Shenzhen.

The Impacts of Climate Change on the Environment and Human Health in China: A Call for more Ambitious Action.

As global greenhouse gases continue rising, the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before. China is the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change. The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.

Hybridization chain reaction and CRISPR/Cas12a-integrated biosensor for precise Ago2 detection.

This study introduces an innovative electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for the highly sensitive and specific detection of Argonaute 2 (Ago2) activity. Ago2, a key enzyme in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, plays a crucial role in gene regulation, and its dysregulation is associated with diseases such as cancer and viral infections. The biosensor integrates hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification and the CRISPR/Cas12a system, leveraging a multi-stage signal amplification strategy.

HANDSON Hand: Strategies and Approaches for Competitive Success at CYBATHLON 2024.

A significant number of people with disabilities rely on assistive devices, yet these technologies often face limitations, including restricted functionality, inadequate user-centered design, and a lack of standardized evaluation metrics. While upper-limb prosthetics remain a key research focus, existing commercial solutions still fall short of meeting daily reliability and usability needs, leading to high abandonment rates. CYBATHLON integrates assistive technologies into daily living tasks, driving innovation and prioritizing user needs.

A Beam Search Framework for Quantum Circuit Mapping.

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, the limited connectivity between qubits is one of the common physical limitations faced by current quantum computing devices. Quantum circuit mapping methods transform quantum circuits into equivalent circuits that satisfy physical connectivity constraints by remapping logical qubits, making them executable. The optimization problem of quantum circuit mapping has NP-hard computational complexity, and existing heuristic mapping algorithms still have significant potential for optimization in terms of the number of quantum gates generated.

Gum Arabic modified fluorescent black phosphorus quantum dots corrosion inhibitor.

Preparing compound reagents with multiple functions are the key technologies that are lacking in the application of corrosion inhibitors. In this work, we devoted to constructing a fluorescent and water-soluble black phosphorus quantum dots corrosion inhibitor based on the modification of Gum Arabic (GA-BPDs) and exploring its combined performance. Optical studies revealed GA-BPDs exhibited a fluorescence quantum yield (FQY) of 31.

A Bayesian game approach for node-based attribution defense against asymmetric information attacks in IoT networks.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), traditional defense mechanisms struggle to counter sophisticated attribution attacks, especially under asymmetric information conditions. This paper introduces a novel Bayesian game framework-the Node-Based Attribution Attack-Defense Bayesian Game (NAADBG) Model-to address these challenges in IoT networks. The model incorporates a comprehensive set of attacker and defender profiles, capturing the complexities of real-world security scenarios.

Identification and Assessment of lncRNAs and mRNAs in PM2.5-Induced Hepatic Steatosis.

Research indicates that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent chronic liver disorder. However, the underlying pathogenesis mechanisms remain to be fully understood.

A pronounced decline in northern vegetation resistance to flash droughts from 2001 to 2022.

Climate change has led to the transition of droughts into rapid and intensified phenomena known as flash droughts, presenting considerable challenges for risk management, particularly concerning their impact on ecosystem productivity. Quantifying the ecosystem's capacity to maintain productivity during flash droughts, referred to as ecosystem resistance, is crucial to assess drought impacts. However, it remains uncertain how the resistance of ecosystem productivity to flash drought changes over time.

Exploring the role of endogenous and exogenous silicon in reducing arsenic accumulation in rice: A multi-scale hydroponic to field study.

Introduction: Traditionally, Silicon (Si) fertilizers are applied externally to the soil or sprayed on the leaves to reduce rice's arsenic (As) accumulation. However, in practical agricultural production, the economic benefits of lowering As in rice grains often fail to outweigh the production costs.

Objectives: This study investigated an innovative technology-Si-rich seedlings (endogenous Si)-that is simple to implement, cost-effective, and highly effective in reducing As accumulation in rice grains.

Combination of suspect and nontarget screening with exposure assessment for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance prioritization in Chinese municipal wastewater.

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic environments, making their identification and priority rank crucial for risk control. Wastewater samples were collected from 148 municipal WWTPs in China to determine the occurrence and risk prioritization of PFASs. A total of 61 PFASs were identified, including 14 legacy and 47 emerging PFASs, using machine learning prediction-enhanced suspect and nontarget screening techniques.

Recent Advances in Integrated Solar Photovoltaic Energy Storage.

In response to the rapid evolution of the global socio-economic landscape, there arises an urgent need to explore alternative energy sources as replacements for fossil fuels. Among these alternatives, the integrated photovoltaic energy storage system, a novel energy solution combining solar energy harnessing and storage capabilities, garners significant attention compared to the traditional separated photovoltaic energy storage system. This review starts with a detailed analysis of the photoelectric conversion mechanism underlying integrated photovoltaic energy storage systems.

Characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA associated with genomic repeat sequences in breast cancer.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has emerged as a potential biomarker for disease due to its stable closed circular structure. However, the diagnostic utility of eccDNA remains underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that the characteristics of eccDNA associated with genomic repetitive elements change in breast cancer patient tissues and plasma.

Plant traits shape global spatiotemporal variations in photosynthetic efficiency.

Photosynthetic efficiency (PE) quantifies the fraction of absorbed light used in photochemistry to produce chemical energy during photosynthesis and is essential for understanding ecosystem productivity and the global carbon cycle, particularly under conditions of vegetation stress. However, nearly 60% of the global spatiotemporal variance in terrestrial PE remains unexplained. Here we integrate remote sensing and eco-evolutionary optimality theory to derive key plant traits, alongside explainable machine learning and global eddy covariance observations, to uncover the drivers of daily PE variations.

IoT powered RNN for improved human activity recognition with enhanced localization and classification.

Human activity recognition (HAR) and localization are green research areas of the modern era that are being propped up by smart devices. But the data acquired from the sensors embedded in smart devices, contain plenty of noise that makes it indispensable to design robust systems for HAR and localization. In this article, a system is presented endowed with multiple algorithms that make it impervious to signal noise and efficient to recognize human activities and their respective locations.

Function of two newly identified Spätzle genes in innate immune response of Macrobrachium nipponense against WSSV infection.

Spätzle (Spz) is an extracellular ligand of the Toll receptor and is involved in the innate immunity of crustaceans. Two Spz genes from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (named MnSpz4 and MnSpz5) were found in this study to study the diversity of Spz. These two Spzs all have a Spätzle domain.

Assessing the monthly performance of daily precipitation products over Southeast Asia using the gauge-based analysis.

Accurate precipitation data is essential for understanding land surface processes and the hydrological cycle, particularly in Southeast Asia (SEA), where precipitation patterns are influenced by complex climatic interactions. This study evaluates the monthly performance of five widely-used daily precipitation products-CPC, CHIRPS, IMERG, ERA5, and PERSIANN-against the benchmark SAOBS dataset over SEA from January 2001 to December 2017. By aggregating daily data into monthly values, we identify the strengths and weaknesses of each product in capturing the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation in the tropical region.