A covalent organic framework with asymmetric coordination for the oxygen reduction reaction: a computational study.

Through constant-potential first-principles calculations coupled with microkinetic modelling, a covalent organic framework with an asymmetric CoNO moiety is identified to exhibit remarkable oxygen reduction activity, for which the theoretical half-wave potential is 0.98 V. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the asymmetric coordination environment effectively modulates charge redistribution at the active site, thereby enhancing the activation of oxygen species.

Development of a solar radiation measuring instrument for building energy management system.

Excellent architectural design, energy-efficient control systems, and smart home technologies need to take into account the influence of solar radiation. Therefore, there is a necessity for high-precision measurement of solar radiation. However, existing solar radiation instruments are susceptible to environmental factors such as wind speed, air temperature, and air density, resulting in significant measurement errors.

A multi-modal model integrating MRI habitat and clinicopathology to predict platinum sensitivity in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer: a diagnostic study.

Background: Platinum resistance of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cannot currently be recognized by specific molecular biomarkers. We aimed to compare the predictive capacity of various models integrating MRI habitat, whole slide images (WSIs), and clinical parameters to predict platinum sensitivity in HGSOC patients.

Methods: A retrospective study involving 998 eligible patients from four hospitals was conducted.

Synthesis of Ultrathin Mesoporous CuRu Nanomeshes for Efficient Kilowatt-Level Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

The electrochemical conversion of abundant nitrate ions from industrial wastewater and polluted groundwater into value-added ammonia represents an important route for the sustainable development of human society. However, developing efficient and stable catalysts remains a huge challenge. Herein, the synthesis of ultrathin mesoporous CuRu nanomeshes is reported via a theory-guided ion exchange method for efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia.

Effect of Rh Loading on the Performance of Rh/CeO in CH Combustion: Important Role of Forming RhO Nanoparticles.

In order to avoid the emission of CH into the air, catalytic combustion of CH is a practical solution, but it is challenging to develop efficient catalysts due to the inertness of CH. Herein, Rh/CeO catalysts with different Rh loadings were synthesized and compared. The catalytic activities in CH oxidation were found to increase with an increase of Rh loading.

Carbon and air pollutant emission dynamics of small-scale industrial sectors based on CEMS: a case of tobacco curing industry.

The continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) has become an essential tool for providing high temporal resolution and dynamic pollutant emission data. However, there is a lack of application and validation of CEMS in small-scale industrial sectors using industrial furnaces with unstable emissions. Using tobacco curing industry as a case, we applied CEMS and field tests to monitor emission dynamics from tobacco curing barns of four typical fuels during tobacco curing season from July to September 2023.

Holocene and contemporary marine dinoflagellate community patterns predict expansion of generalist dinoflagellate blooms in warming oceans.

Existing data and models suggest increasing prominence of dinoflagellates and their blooms in future warmer ocean but supporting long-term data are sparse. Here, we used 18S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate sedimentary ancient dinoflagellate communities in northern South China Sea and compared them with contemporary dinoflagellate data from global oceans (TARA Oceans data) and 40 years of dinoflagellate bloom records in China. We found a continuous warming (by ~4.

Predicting ustekinumab treatment response in Crohn's disease using pre-treatment biopsy images.

Motivation: Crohn's disease (CD) exhibits substantial variability in response to biological therapies such as ustekinumab (UST), a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-12/23. However, predicting individual treatment responses remains difficult due to the lack of reliable histopathological biomarkers and the morphological complexity of tissue. While recent deep learning methods have leveraged whole-slide images (WSIs), most lack effective mechanisms for selecting relevant regions and integrating patch-level evidence into robust patient-level predictions.

Covert Communication Scheme for OOK in Asymmetric Noise Systems.

Existing covert communication schemes based on On-Off Keying (OOK) have not considered asymmetric noise environments, which limits their applicability in complex communication scenarios such as terahertz and underwater acoustic covert communications. To address this issue, this paper proposes a phase-based OOK coding scheme. In particular, the transmitter Alice can adjust the initial phase of the transmitted symbol to align the signal with the stronger noise components in asymmetric noise communication scenarios, thereby exploiting the masking effect of noise to achieve covert transmission.

PFAS removal from reverse osmosis and nanofiltration brine by granular activated carbon: Thermodynamic insights into salinity effects.

We explored an underexplored area in water treatment by examining the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from reverse osmosis/nanofiltration (RO/NF) brine. We first compared multiple RO/NF membranes, revealing that DK and NF270 showed sub-optimal removal (<90 %) of C4-C8 PFAS, SW30 had low flux (<15 L/m/h at 8 bar), and NFX exhibited significant adsorption of perfluorosulfonic acids (e.g.

Enhancing Silicon Anode Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries Through Hybrid Artificial SEI Layer and Prelithiation.

Prelithiation has been widely accepted as one of the most promising strategies to compensate for the loss of active substance and to improve the initial Coulombic efficiency in silicon-based anodes for advanced high-energy-density batteries. But because of their unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and low initial Coulombic efficiency, they expand in volume during prelithiation and react with moisture, which makes commercialization a difficult process. Herein, we have developed a strategy using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) treatment to eliminate redundant lithium and generate LiF-based inorganic compounds on the surface of the prelithiated electrode.

Assessing the impact of low-temperature stress during anthesis stage on winter wheat grain development through computer vision and machine learning.

Background: Extreme weather events, particularly spring low-temperature stress exacerbated by global warming, have become increasingly prevalent in the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin over the past 40 years, a key wheat-producing area in China. This study aims to assess the impact of low-temperature stress during the anthesis stage on the shape and texture parameters of RGB images of both superior and inferior grains of Jimai 22, utilizing computer vision and machine learning techniques.

Results: Results showed that decreasing temperatures and extended durations led to significant reductions in shape parameters and increased uniformity in texture parameters.

Predictive athlete performance modeling with machine learning and biometric data integration.

The Purpose of this study is to propose a new integrative framework for athletic performance prediction based on state-of-the-art machine learning analysis and biometric data biometric scanning. By merging physiological signals i.e.

Prenatal exposure to multiple air pollutants and risks of preterm birth and low birth weight in twins: A comparison between natural conception and medically assisted reproduction.

Exposure to air pollution has been linked to higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, evidence from twin pregnancies is limited, and differences between natural conception (NC) and medically assisted reproduction (MAR) remain unexplored. This study enrolled 935 twin pairs in Wuxi, China, from 2017 to 2022.

Lighting up the environment: bioluminescence hormesis under chemical contamination.

In this Review, I assess bioluminescence hormetic response to chemicals, examining concentration-response relationships and predominantly focusing on stimulation by sub-toxic exposures of numerous chemicals applied individually or in mixtures at concentrations <1 ng L to ~43 g L. Stimulation develops rapidly, becoming detectable in 15 min, but exhibits considerable temporal variation and may decrease or return to control levels after maximization within 2-3 d from exposure. This produces non-linear responses that take different forms over time and may alternate among S-shaped, J-shaped, and U-shaped curves.

Widespread surface ozone reduction triggered by dust storm disturbance on ozone production and destruction chemistry.

Natural dust storms are associated with changes to atmospheric photochemical processes, including changes in surface ozone, a critical global air pollutant. Here, we quantified the change in surface ozone during dust storms for regions in China by using a synthesis of measurements and modeling approaches. Our results showed that notable reductions of the average ozone concentration (2.

Attributing climate and weather extremes to Northern Hemisphere sea ice and terrestrial snow: progress, challenges and ways forward.

Sea ice and snow are crucial components of the cryosphere and the climate system. Both sea ice and spring snow in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) have been decreasing at an alarming rate in a changing climate. Changes in NH sea ice and snow have been linked with a variety of climate and weather extremes including cold spells, heatwaves, droughts and wildfires.

Regulating Ru-Ru Distance in RuO Catalyst by Lattice Hydroxyl for Efficient Water Oxidation.

Highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucial for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). While doped RuO catalysts demonstrate good activity and stability, the presence of dopants limits the number of exposed active sites and complicates Ru recovery. Here, we present a monometallic RuO (d-RuO) with lattice hydroxyl in the periodic structure as a high-performance OER electrocatalyst.

Embedded Conductive Fiber for Pumpless Liquid-Gas Phase Transition Soft Actuation.

Soft pneumatic actuators are widely used in diverse robotic applications due to their dexterous deformation and conspicuous performance. However, the control and operation of these actuators were restricted by bulky, noisy, and vibrating pneumatic systems. This work introduces a pumpless pneumatic actuator design based on liquid-gas phase transition, named electroconductive fiber-reinforced phase transition actuators (E-FPTAs).

Noise-Robust image edge detection based on multi-scale automatic anisotropic morphological Gaussian Kernels.

This paper presents a novel multi-scale, noise-robust edge detection method that employs multi-scale automatic anisotropic morphological Gaussian kernels to extract edge maps from input images. It addresses the issue of cross-edge detection failure in the Canny edge detector. Compared to other edge detection methods, the proposed approach offers significant advantages in maintaining noise robustness while achieving high edge resolution and accuracy.

Spatiotemporal variations and inequalities in global traffic-sourced PM exposure.

Traffic emission is a major source of ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM) pollution. However, little is known about the global population exposure to traffic-sourced PM at high spatiotemporal resolutions.

Vegetation feedbacks accelerated the late Miocene climate transition.

The late Miocene was an important stage for the formation of modern-like ecological and environmental patterns. Proxy data from the middle to late Miocene reveal that large-scale cooling and drying occurred; however, the reasons for this climate transition remain unclear. Through a compilation of proxy data and climate simulations, our results indicate that atmospheric CO decline markedly decreased the temperature and reduced the precipitation in most of the land area, while the paleogeographic changes enhanced cooling at northern high latitudes and increased precipitation in East Asia, East Africa, and South America.

Unmanned aerial vehicle based multi-person detection via deep neural network models.

Introduction: Understanding human actions in complex environments is crucial for advancing applications in areas such as surveillance, robotics, and autonomous systems. Identifying actions from UAV-recorded videos becomes more challenging as the task presents unique challenges, including motion blur, dynamic background, lighting variations, and varying viewpoints. The presented work develops a deep learning system that recognizes multi-person behaviors from data gathered by UAVs.

Shifts in MJO behavior enhance predictability of subseasonal precipitation whiplashes.

Subseasonal precipitation whiplashes, marked by sudden shifts between dry and wet extremes, can disrupt ecosystems and human well-being. Predicting these events two to six weeks in advance is crucial for disaster management. Here, we show that the propagation diversity of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)-a key source of subseasonal predictability-will alter under anthropogenic warming.